阜阳市地面沉降区水位改正分析

安徽省阜阳市因地下水超采引起地面沉降,使区域内水准点高程处于不断变化中,破坏了水位资料系列的一致性。本文根据收集的实测成果资料,建立地面沉降区内水准点考证系列和实际高程系列,分析使用的各水准点之间的关系和沉降规律,给出地面沉降后历年水位订正值,并进行综合合理性检验分析,阐述水位改正分析经验和建议,为地面沉降区水位改正提供技术参考。     

地面沉降区的水位改正方法

地面沉降区的水位改正方法陆德贤（江苏省无锡水文水资源勘测处）由于过量开采地下水，造成地下水位不断下降，引起了地面的下沉问题。据江苏省水利勘测总队近期水准测量资料可知，沿苏南大运河各城市，普遍存在地面的下沉：１９５９～１９８３年常州市地面下沉０．３７ｍ...     

沉降区水位改正方法探讨

针对江苏省内沉降区域水位改正做了方法上的研究,选择典型站点进行了试验,形成了平均分配法、分段改正法、基面参证法、区域近似法等四种针对不同沉降类型的水位改正方法,初步表明四种方法具有较好的实用性和可操作性。     

测井内外水位差的产生和补偿

一、问题的提出测井水位的跟随性、与河流水位的一致性以及测井的静水性是衡量测井优劣的几个重要指标。由于测井的这些特性直接关系到自记水位记录的精度和质量,因而是测站面临的一个需要认真解决的问题。测井的这些特性是受哪     

干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位阈值研究进展

地下水生态水位是干旱区绿洲水资源管理、地下水保护和生态环境保护的关键指标.从地下水生态水位的概念、确定方法、阈值区间等方面入手,综述了干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位研究的重要进展及未来发展建议:(1)干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位存在显著的多功能性和尺度特征;(2)生态调查统计与分析、模型计算分析和遥感统计分析是确定地下水生态水位...     

浅析特克斯河平原区基流分割方法及成果

以伊犁地区特克斯河平原区代表站为例,由于代表站与地下井距离较近,以近10 a地表水资料与地下水资料为基础,对各年地表水水位与地下水水位进行同期对比,分析出代表站水位与地下水水位综合变化过程一致,分别统计出地表水水位与地下水水位起涨点与终止点的时间,分析出两者的变化规律,因此,采用以水位时间为节点的斜线分割对代表站进行基流分割,确定在汛期期间基流径流量与河流径流量的比值为0.42。此结论对特克斯河平原区的不同水源进行占比,研究成果对于新疆伊犁地区特克斯河流域水资源评价提供参考价值。     

多元线性回归方法在地下水水位预测中的应用

在对已有长期开采资料的水源地进行资源评价时,充分利用长系列观测资料,可采用多元线性回归方法对地下水水位的变化规律进行研究对其变化趋势进行预测,本文重点对相关因素的确定和多元线性回归方法的应用进行了研究。     

用流速改正法计算相应水位的有关问题探讨

现行相应水位的计算误差影响了高洪条件下多线多点测流方法的实施,主要根源在于计算方法中为求简单的公式形式而采用了有可能与实际偏离过甚的概化。本文提出一种相应水位计算的新方法——“流速改正法”,将一次测流中不同水位条件下的测速值统一改正成某一“瞬时水位”的垂线平均流速,并通过对其相应“瞬时流量”的计算辨识相应水位值。结合实例的计算和误差分析,结果表明：新方法可以很好地适应高洪测流的水位变化,同时具有较高的计算精度和良好的误差特性,是一种较为适用的相应水位计算方法。     

黄河河曲段冰塞水位的分析计算

本文根据黄河河曲段６年的实测资料，分析了该冰塞河段冰期水位的变化规律，讨论了该河段冰塞水位的变化与冰塞演变的相互关系。建立了冰塞水位变化的参数关系式，基于原型的观测研究，对试验室模拟冰塞的水位进行了分析研究，研究表明：试验室模拟冰塞水位的变化规律与天然河道中冰塞水位的变化规律相同。由此，可以进行冰塞水位的计算及其预报。     

鞍山市西郊区水位预测

根据鞍山市西郊区水文地质条件，建立了双层渗流二维平面系统的数学模型：应用Galerkin有限元法求解模型，从模型的计算结果可见该区观测点水位绝对误差较小，达到了规范要求的计算精度，同时，在此区内有一个大漏斗，在东南的铁西一带也有一个小漏斗。由于铁西一带是主要开采水源区，开采水量较大，所以漏斗逐渐向外扩大且水位有明显下降的趋势。这一变化规律与实际水位一致，说明计算水位基本上反映了实际水位空间变化的规律。因此根据模拟参数利用此模型对该地区进行了水位预测，共预测了四年的水位状况，并依据水位的预测结果对该区的水资源开发利用提出了合理建议。     

黄河流域水文设计成果修订研究

将黄河流域主要控制站/区间的降雨、径流、洪水资料系列延长至2010年并分析其变化特点,在对实测径流还原的基础上,通过降雨径流关系变化分析下垫面变化对径流系列一致性影响,并采用多种方法进行一致性处理,提出3种下垫面情景的天然径流系列并推荐近期I下垫面情景的黄河设计径流成果。分析了影响洪水一致性的因素,对主要影响因素进行还原,对影响黄河中下游常遇洪水量级的因素进行还现,提出黄河流域各站天然设计洪水及中游现状下垫面5年一遇及以下设计洪水。     

矿井涌水量时间序列的长程相关性分析及分维数估算

根据矿井涌水量实测数据,探讨了矿井涌水量时间序列的两个重要特性,即:长程相关性和统计自相似特性。利用小波分析和分形理论在多尺度分析和自相似本质上的一致性,把小波分析和分形理论引入到矿井涌水量时间序列的分析中,得到矿井涌水量时间序列小波变换系数,在此基础上,提出了矿井涌水量时间序列分形维数的小波计算方法,并对巷道涌水量和回采工作面涌水量时间序列的分维值进行了计算,验证了小波分形维数估计法在提取矿井涌水量中所具有的分形特征信息是稳定的和可靠的。     

流量输沙率关系不确定度的分析

从误差传播及经验关系分析两条途径出发,分别获得流量输沙率关系不确定度。通过Ｆ检验,证明了所获成果的可靠性。本文分析对于流量输沙率关系不确定度控制指标的确定,以及流量输沙率关系的应用具有实际意义。     

Evaluation and comparison of GIS based landslide susceptibility mapping procedures in Kulekhani watershed, Nepal

The goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare the consistency of GIS-based heuristic and bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the Himalayan region, taking the Kulekhani watershed of central Nepal as an example. For this purpose, a heuristic and two statistical bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods are applied, and three separate landslide susceptibility zonation maps are produced. The maps are compared using three approaches: landslide density analysis, success rate analysis, and agreed area analysis. A comparison of the values obtained from landslide density analysis and the curves of success rate analysis indicate that the two bivariate methods produce almost identical results, whereas the map produced with the heuristic method differs significantly from the others. On the other hand, the agreed area analysis highlights significant spatial differences in the maps obtained from the three methods. Although the three approaches evaluate the consistency of susceptibility maps, only the agreed area analysis is capable of spatially comparing them. Hence, this approach proves to be more suitable for spatially and quantitatively evaluating the consistency of various landslide susceptibility zonation maps.     

Integrated rainfall–runoff and flood inundation modeling for flash flood risk assessment under data scarcity in arid regions: Wadi Fatimah basin case study,Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a proposed integrated approach for flood hazardous evaluation in arid and semi-arid areas. Wadi Fatimah in Saudi Arabia is utilized for implementation of such an approach. The approach consists of four stages. In the first stage, a statistical analysis of rainfall data is performed to determine the design storms at specified return periods. In the second stage, geological and geomorphologic analyses are followed to estimate the geomorphic parameters. The third stage concerned with land use and land cover analyses linked with hydrological analysis to estimate the hydrographs. The fourth stage is related to the delineation of the inundation area under two scenarios: the presence and absence of the dam. The statistical analysis proved that some rainfall stations do not follow a Gumbel distribution. The presence of the dam reduces the inundation depth by about 10 %. The reduction in the inundation area due the presence of the dam is about 25 %.     

降雨时间尺度上的降尺度分析研究

针对现在的降雨资料严重不足问题,基于对我国南方湿润地区的沅江流域与半干旱地区的岔巴沟流域的实测资料分析,以及前人的研究成果,本文尝试提出了一种由日降雨资料时间降尺度生成小时降雨资料的方法。该方法的优点是计算简单,能保证模拟的日降雨的总量同实际的完全一致,模拟的雨强同实际的基本一致。是解决缺资料或无资料地区降雨资料不足问题的一种简单适用的方法。     

Damage‐viscoplastic consistency model for rock fracture in heterogeneous rocks under dynamic loading

This paper presents a damage‐viscoplastic consistency model for numerical simulation of brittle fracture in heterogeneous rocks. The model is based on a combination of the recent viscoplastic consistency model by Wang and the isotropic damage concept with separate damage variables in tension and compression. This approach does not suffer from ill‐posedness, caused by strain softening, of the underlying boundary/initial value problem since viscoplasticity provides the regularization by introducing a length scale effect under dynamic loading conditions. The model uses the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion with the Rankine criterion as a tensile cut‐off. The damage law in compression is calibrated via the degradation index concept of Fang and Harrison. Thereby, the model is able to capture the brittle‐to‐ductile transition occurring in confined compression at a certain level of confinement. The heterogeneity of rock is accounted for by the statistical approach based on the Weibull distribution. Numerical simulations of confined compression test in plane strain conditions demonstrate a good agreement with the experiments at both the material point and structural levels as the fracture modes are realistically predicted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微型贯入仪在长春黄土状土地基勘察中的应用

本文简要介绍了贯入试验及利用贯入试验测求土的工程地质性质指标的基本原理;通过对长春市一般建筑物主要持力层的黄土状土的微型贯入仪试验与室内土工常规试验的对比分析,经数理统计,建立了贯入阻力与土的有关工程地质性质指标的相关方程。这些相关关系,可用来快速划分土的稠度状态、土的压缩性及确定地基的承载力,对在本地区推广和使用微型贯入仪试验具有一定促进作用。     

人工岛沉降的离心机模型试验与数值分析

采用离心机模型试验与数值方法,对某一人工岛深厚软黏土地基的沉降特性进行了研究。在模拟现场施工条件下,通过离心机模型试验,研究了60 m厚软黏土地基的沉降特性。基于离心机模型试验,建立了二维有限元模型,应用弹黏塑性本构模型对软黏土地基的沉降规律进行了分析。通过模型试验与数值计算结果的对比分析,结果表明,模型试验与数值计算得到的工后沉降曲线基本吻合,初期沉降速率较大,后期沉降速率相对稳定。在浅部土层,计算得到的超孔压消散快于模型试验结果,而深部土层两者超孔压消散规律基本一致。二者规律的一致性验证了所用数值方法的可靠性。     

Combined use of statistical and DInSAR data analyses to define the state of activity of slow-moving landslides

Statistical analyses have been often used for landslide susceptibility zoning at small to medium scale when relevant base and thematic maps are available. Since the beginning of the last decade, images remotely acquired by spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and processed via Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) proved extremely useful for non-invasive and non-destructive monitoring of displacements of the topographic surface. The present paper proposes an original procedure for the definition of the state of activity of slow-moving landslides via the combined use of multivariate statistical analyses and DInSAR data. The procedure is based on the following essential elements: distinction between terrain units used for computational purposes and the final zoning units; independent statistical and DInSAR analyses and activity models leading to first-level state of activity zoning maps; a consistency model between statistical and DInSAR analyses; two confidence and combination models leading, respectively, to second- or third-level state of activity zoning maps. The application in a test area including 19 municipalities in southern Italy, where slow-moving landslides are widespread and accurately mapped by using geomorphological criteria, allowed the generation of the three above-mentioned levels of zoning maps. The results were successfully crosschecked by exploiting a different DInSAR dataset and the results of previous works based on the use of slow-moving landslide-induced damage to facilities surveys.