In memoriam: Gennady Aleksandrovich Fonarev October 8, 1933–October 13, 2010

Obituary

In memoriam: Gennady Aleksandrovich Fonarev October 8, 1933–October 13, 2010     

In memory of G.P. Kalinin (1916–1975)

Chronicles

In memory of G.P. Kalinin (1916–1975)     

Leonid Semenovich Yazvin (1933–2005)

Chronicle

Leonid Semenovich Yazvin (1933–2005)     

WALTER B. LANGBEIN (1907–1982)

ABSTRACT

Lake-sediment-based estimates of sediment yield are calculated from a ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs chronology for the period 1765–1983 for a small lake-catchment in the English Midlands. Based on a multiple coring exercise, synchronous sedimentation levels are identified on the basis of mineral magnetism because of the lack of a visual stratigraphy. The rates of sediment accumulation are adjusted for outflow losses, biogenic precipitation and atmospheric fallout and results are considered to reflect accurately sediment yields for the area. At best, these yields are averaged over 4–5 years in the recent past, and 50–60 years in previous centuries. It is suggested that analysis of sediment yields over the last 218 years provides data covering one of the most dramatic periods of change as a result of human activity and covers intermediate timescales often ignored in hydrological studies because they fall beyond the scope of direct process monitoring.     

纪念拉菲·弗罗因德(1933—1980)

拉菲·弗罗因德(Rafi Freund)教授是以色列地质学界著名人士。在赫布鲁大学的二十五年中,他明显地影响了以色列数百名学生和地球科学研究。这种光辉的经历由于他突然逝世猝然终止,他仅享年47岁。拉菲于1933年出生于德国,在以色列海法长大。他在高等学校是一个杰出的理科学生,同时也是一个有才艺的小提琴手。生物学研究     

Don·L·安德森(1933-2014)

<正>美国地球物理联合会前主席安德森(Don L.Anderson)(http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/85/1/91.full),于2014年12月2日逝世,享年81岁。唐堪称地球和行星科学领域复兴的真正领军人物。在他于1958年到2014年间发表的350多篇论文中,他试图解决在矿物物理学、地震学、热流、地球化学、构造物理     

C) W.M.O.—E.C.A.F.E.

Abstract

The authors give data of water infiltrations in horizontal and vertical columns, and in a two dimensional model. The soils are two mixtures of sand and loam, and a natural sandy loam. The characteristics of these soils are given in the article.

As a conclusion, the two dimensional problem can be approached by a linear combination of data in horizontal and vertical columns.     

克劳德·弗罗伊德沃克斯(1930-2015)

<正>国际大地测量与地球物理协会会士克劳德·弗罗伊德沃克斯(Claude Froidevaux)于2015年8月11日在法国巴黎逝世。克劳德·弗罗伊德沃克斯是物理学与大地构造学之间相互作用研究的先驱以及对许多国际学术团体做出重大贡献的领导人。克劳德·弗罗伊德沃克斯1930年出生于瑞士,对电子学     

The July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Sicily)

The July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna stimulated widespread public and media interest, caused significant damage to tourist facilities, and for several days threatened the town of Nicolosi on the S flank of the volcano. Seven eruptive fissures were active, five on the S flank between 3,050 and 2,100 m altitude, and two on the NE flank between 3,080 and 2,600 m elevation. All produced lava flows over various periods during the eruption, the most voluminous of which reached a length of 6.9 km. Mineralogically, the 2001 lavas fall into two distinct groups, indicating that magma was supplied through two different and largely independent pathways, one extending laterally from the central conduit system through radial fissures, the other being a vertically ascending eccentric dike. Furthermore, one of the eccentric vents, at 2,570 m elevation, was the site of vigorous phreatomagmatic activity as the dike cut through a shallow aquifer, during both the initial and closing stages of the eruption. For 6 days the magma column feeding this vent was more or less effectively sealed from the aquifer, permitting powerful explosive and effusive magmatic activity. While the eruption was characterized by a highly dynamic evolution, complex interactions between some of the eruptive fissures, and changing eruptive styles, its total volume (~25×10 ⁶ m ³ of lava and 5–10×10 ⁶ m ³ of pyroclastics) was relatively small in comparison with other recent eruptions of Etna. Effusion rates were calculated on a daily basis and reached peaks of 14–16 m ³ s ^-1, while the average effusion rate at all fissures was about 11 m ³ s ^-1, which is not exceptionally high. The eruption showed a number of peculiar features, but none of these (except the contemporaneous lateral and eccentric activity) represented a significant deviation from Etna's eruptive behavior in the long term. However, the 2001 eruption could be but the first in a series of flank eruptions, some of which might be more voluminous and hazardous. Placed in a long-term context, the eruption confirms a distinct trend, initiated during the past 50 years, toward higher production rates and more frequent eruptions, which might bring Etna back to similar levels of activity as during the early to mid seventeenth century.     

Ground deformation effects from the ~M6 earthquakes (2014–2015) on Cephalonia–Ithaca Islands (Western Greece) deduced by GPS observations

The implications of the earthquakes that took place in the central Ionian Islands in 2014 (Cephalonia, M _w6.1, M _w5.9) and 2015 (Lefkas, M _w6.4) are described based on repeat measurements of the local GPS networks in Cephalonia and Ithaca, and the available continuous GPS stations in the broader area. The Lefkas earthquake occurred on a branch of the Cephalonia Transform Fault, affecting Cephalonia with SE displacements gradually decreasing from north (~100 mm) to south (~10 mm). This earthquake revealed a near N–S dislocation boundary separating Paliki Peninsula in western Cephalonia from the rest of the island, as well as another NW–SE trending fault that separates kinematically the northern and southern parts of Paliki. Strain field calculations during the interseismic period (2014–2015) indicate compression between Ithaca and Cephalonia, while extension appears during the following co-seismic period (2015–2016) including the 2015 Lefkas earthquake. Additional tectonically active zones with differential kinematic characteristics were also identified locally.