东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖组-花港组沉积层序

东海陆架盆地地处欧亚板块东部边缘,勘探开发实践表明,盆地内西湖凹陷天然气圈闭资源雄厚,具有很好的勘探前景。利用Vail层序地层学理论,依托钻录井、地震资料等,将新生代7次全球海平面显著下降所形成的不整合界面判别为7个二级层序界面。平湖组和花港组组成2个二级层序（SSQ3-SSQ4）和6个三级层序（SQ1-SQ6）,坡折带之下可识别出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域,坡折带之上仅识别出海侵体系域和高位体系域。西湖凹陷西缓坡带发育物源来自海礁隆起-渔山隆起的三角洲-陆棚（平湖组）或湖泊（花港组）沉积体系,东陡坡带发育物源来自钓鱼岛隆褶带的扇三角洲或近岸水下扇-陆棚（平湖组）或湖泊（花港组）沉积体系,沉积中心在东次凹。构造运动和物源供给决定西湖凹陷构造沉积格局,古气候和海平面升降对三级层序及其内部体系域发育的影响更大。     

东海西湖凹陷渐新统花港组海绿石的发现及其意义

在西湖凹陷渐新统花港组中首次发现非正常海相海绿石。可分为三种类型:即团粒状海绿石、胶结物海绿石和碎屑假象海绿石。前两者属沉积过程或成岩初期的产物。通过沉积学研究，结合微量元素及介质条件分析认为，花港组总体为滨岸湖泊三角洲－河流体系，但是曾程度不同地受到海水或咸水-半咸水影响。花港组的时代就可能归属为始新统。这一认识上的突破除了花港组年代地层的对比意义以外，还将引起对盆地演化阶段、沉积体系空间配置及油气有利相带预测等问题的重新认识。     

东海西湖凹陷花港组层序划分

大部分学者将东海西湖凹陷花港组划分为两个三级层序,但其层序界面与构造运动、古气候等重大地质事件之间在时间上不十分协调。本文以经典层序地层学、地震地层学为理论指导,在岩电特征、古生物特征、地震相分析等方面研究的基础上,结合全球性构造运动、海平面变化及古气候研究,重新厘定了东海西湖凹陷古近系花港组层序。在花港组识别出两个二级层序界面和两个三级层序界面,将花港组划分为3个三级层序。本研究对东海西湖凹陷层序地层的研究具有重要意义,同时对精细刻画层序格架内有利储层,指导生产具有积极意义。     

东海西湖凹陷第三系反转构造及其对油气聚集的影响

东海西湖第三纪凹陷经历了早期裂陷和晚期挤压的构造作用,形成了现今规模宏大的反转构造。反转构造是先存的张性断裂后期受到挤压逆冲反转而形成的一种挤压构造与拉伸构造在垂向上叠加的复合构造。按反转强度的差异,本区的反转构造可划分为简单断展型和穿透断展型2种基本类型;按反转构造的几何样式,又可分为简单后冲反转、复合“Y”字型反转、“火”字型反转和花状反转等。凹陷内发育有东缘、中部、西斜坡边缘等3个反转构造带。沿中央凹陷带的反转作用最强,东缘次之,西斜坡边缘最弱。     

西湖凹陷古近系花港组风暴沉积研究

通过岩心观察,发现花港组典型的风暴沉积构造主要包括风暴侵蚀形成的渠模、冲刷沟槽、冲刷面,风暴涡流形成的撕扯构造、菊花状构造,风暴重力流形成的粒序层理,风暴浪形成的丘状交错层理、浪成沙纹层理、平行层理,同生变形构造及生物逃逸构造.运用岩石相组合分析的方法,发现花港组风暴垂向沉积序列发育不完整.其理想的序列由A~G共7段构成。根据花港组垂向沉积序列类型、沉积构造特点总结出了A+B+G、A+B+C、A+B+D、B+C+D、C+E+G、E+F+G等6种风暴沉积序列和原地风暴岩、近源风暴岩和远源风暴岩3种风暴岩类型.     

东海盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组地震相特征及沉积相分布

选择可信度较高的地震反射构造和外部形态,结合地震反射振幅、连续性等反射结构参数,对东海盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组的地震相进行了划分命名。在研究区4个四级地震层序中共识别出前积地震相、下凹状地震相、丘状地震相及平行—亚平行地震相(包括D1、D2、D3、D4四类亚相)等多种类型。这些地震相在平面分布上具有差异性,而在垂向演化上具有继承性。应用钻井/测井相等其他地质资料对地震相进行验证和约束解释,确定了区内目的层段以陆相沉积环境为主,主要发育辫状河流相、湖泊三角洲相、滨浅湖相及浅湖相,东部地形陡,发育扇三角洲。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组地震相特征及沉积相分布

选择可信度较高的地震反射构造和外部形态,结合地震反射振幅、连续性等反射结构参数,对东海盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组的地震相进行了划分命名。在研究区4个四级地震层序中共识别出前积地震相、下凹状地震相、丘状地震相及平行—亚平行地震相(包括D1、D2、D3、D4四类亚相)等多种类型。这些地震相在平面分布上具有差异性,而在垂向演化上具有继承性。应用钻井/测井相等其他地质资料对地震相进行验证和约束解释,确定了区内目的层段以陆相沉积环境为主,主要发育辫状河流相、湖泊三角洲相、滨浅湖相及浅湖相,东部地形陡,发育扇三角洲。     

西湖凹陷渐新世层序地层格架与沉积充填响应

东海陆架盆地是中国近海最大的沉积盆地,而西湖凹陷又是其中规模最大的富油气凹陷。多年的勘探实践证明渐新统花港组为西湖凹陷主力产气层段,但其层序地层划分长期存在较大争议。在分析了西湖凹陷盆地结构与构造格局的基础上,依据测井、岩芯以及地震反射特征,将西湖凹陷渐新统划分出5个三级层序与12个体系域,建立了其等时地层格架;并通过大量岩芯的写实性描述,结合沉积构造与遗迹化石鉴别以及地球化学资料分析对沉积环境进行了判识,分析结果认为西湖凹陷渐新统花港组沉积时期发生过两次较大的海侵事件,形成“南海北陆”的沉积格局,并发育了河流、三角洲、潮控河口湾以及无障壁海岸四种沉积体系,其沉积体系类型较多,从南到北变化巨大。西湖凹陷渐新世整体表现为“东西短轴三角洲”、“南部潮汐河口湾”、“东北缓岸滩坝”的沉积体系展布格局。系统分析了沉积相在各层序中的展布特征及其对海平面变化的响应、层序演化过程及其对海平面变化的响应,构建了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷构造-沉积成因模式,明确了“断坳转换,海陆交替”的盆地构造背景与沉积充填的响应关系。     

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷W井区平湖组潮汐沉积模式

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖组发育大量潮汐沉积,具有较大的油气勘探潜力.综合利用岩心与测井资料,对西湖凹陷W井区平湖组岩相及沉积微相类型进行分析,并通过对江苏省东南部如东-东台沿海地区的现代沉积考察,进行比较沉积学研究,结合平湖组发育情况及现代潮汐沉积平面展布,明确了研究区平湖组潮汐沉积特征及发育规律,建立了沉积模式.研究...     

论东海西湖凹陷花港组的地质时代

根据区域地质、古生物序列、埋葬学以及生态相容性等资料的综合分析研究,认为西湖凹陷花港组中发现的沟鞭藻和钙质超微化石可能是再沉积的残遗群落,不能作为确定花港组时代的依据。按孢粉和轮藻化石资料将花港组地层时代归属渐新世。     

Sedimentary environment and facies of the Huagang Formation in the northern central Xihu Depression,East China Sea Basin,China

Abstract

The sedimentary facies of the Huagang Formation, the major petroleum exploration horizon in the Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Basin, have not been well constrained, owing to limited drilling and core recovery. Interpretations are vague and vary from beach bar, braided river and braided-river delta front sediments. In this paper, the paleosedimentary environments of the Huagang Formation are discussed based on detailed organic and inorganic geochemical analysis and proxies used to interpret the sedimentary facies. Kerogen, dominated by sapropelinite, is mainly of Type I and Type II, and n-Paraffins are dominated by short-chain and medium-chain, with no obvious odd-over-even advantages. The distribution of isoprenoid alkanes and steroids indicates that the organic matter in mudstones is mainly of lacustrine and mixed origins. Elemental ratios of Th/U (4–6), V/Cr (1–4), Ni/Co (3–11) and V/(V?+?Ni) (0.5–0.75) indicate that in the area studied, the Huagang Formation was deposited under anoxic to reduced conditions with some oxygen-enriched horizons. Both inorganic and organic geochemical signatures show that the Huagang Formation was mainly deposited in an aquatic environment but with some minor periods of subaerial exposure. The sequence of the Huagang Formation is characterised by interbedded grey-white thick sandstones and grey-black thin mudstones. Normally graded cycles are widely developed, with rare mudstone in the upper part and scoured surfaces at the base. The cumulative grainsize distribution curve is mainly a two-stage type. The sedimentary facies indicative markers are dominated by braided-river channel deposits and combined with the paleosedimentary environments it is inferred that the sedimentary system in the study area was typical of a braided-river delta front. The cores available were intensively analysed using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to probe the variations in the paleoclimate and show that the braided-river channels were controlled by paleoclimate. During arid climatic settings, the sediments within individual channels were thin, and grainsizes varied significantly; at the base of each channel, basal conglomerates were common. In contrast, under humid climatic settings, thin multi-stage channels were superimposed, and the bottom often developed erosion surface.

1. KEY POINTS

2. The paleosedimentary environments are discussed based on detailed organic and inorganic geochemical analysis.

3. The Huagang Formation was deposited in a freshwater lacustrine basin under warm and humid climatic settings.

4. The Huagang Formation is characterised by braided-river delta front facies.

5. The development of braided-river channels was controlled by paleoclimate.

     

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷渐新世海侵作用与潮控体系沉积特征*

西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地规模最大的富油气凹陷。然而,西湖凹陷渐新世沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。本文以井、震为基础,岩心为核心,结合地球化学指标,通过泥岩甾烷与自生海绿石的特征,明确了渐新世西湖凹陷南部整体处于海陆交互的过渡环境,且发生5次主要的海侵事件。西湖凹陷南部渐新统以厚层砂岩与薄层泥岩互层为特征,发育典型的双向交错层理、双黏土层、透镜状层理及泥质披覆,共识别出4种主要的岩相类型: 含泥砾块状中粗粒砂岩相、交错层理中细粒砂岩相、沙纹层理粉细砂岩相、纹层状泥岩相。渐新世,西湖凹陷南部主要发育潮控河口湾体系,其中包括潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、沙质潮坪及泥质潮坪等多个沉积微相,其沉积地形在SW向逐渐变为开阔的展布特征,说明研究区河流供源来自东北部,而潮汐水流来自西南部。渐新世西湖凹陷南部与开阔海连通,受到海侵作用下潮汐水流的强烈改造,且由于地形坡度较缓,无大规模的河流携带碎屑物质注入,易形成潮汐作用为主的河口湾体系。     

东海西湖凹陷春晓构造各井区含油气性特征

春晓构造是近年来东海油气勘探与开发的重点靶区之一，目前开发工作已准备就续。该区现有钻井5口，但测试结果各井差异较大。如何评价其含油气性特征？本文应用测井、地震和试油等资料进行了综合分析，并提出了春晓构造上的另一个有利于油气聚集和保存的区块－－春晓构造南高点断层上盘。     

东海西湖凹陷苏堤区带花港组沉积相分析

以东海西湖凹陷苏堤区带钻井资料为基础,综合分析了花港组沉积时期构造活动及海泛作用在沉积发育过程中的控相控制,对该地区长期认定地“再沉积化石”及不同构造单元的控相能力差异重新提出个人看法,并建立了西湖凹陷苏堤地区花港组沉积模式。     

测井储集层快速自动评价在东海西湖凹陷中的应用

结合东海西湖凹陷油气勘探需要，在现场提出自动评价储集层系统，应用人工智能技术，识别储集层和判断含油、气储集层。模拟计算油气储集层产能。     

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷岩石圈热流变性质

为了探讨东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷岩石圈热流变性质,本文以实测地温数据为依据,模拟西湖凹陷岩石圈热结构,在此基础上,应用流变学原理模拟确定西湖凹陷岩石圈流变性质。结果表明,西湖凹陷岩石圈为一个冷地壳-热地幔、强地壳-弱地幔的"奶油蛋糕"型岩石圈。西湖凹陷平均地表热流密度为71 m W/m~2,地幔热流密度为40~65 m W/m~2,对地表热流密度的贡献度达73%~79%,地表热流受地幔热流控制,莫霍面温度在700℃左右,热岩石圈平均厚度为66 km。西湖凹陷岩石圈流变分层明显,上、中地壳基本为脆性层,下地壳和岩石圈上地幔为韧性层,岩石圈总流变强度平均约为2.65′10~(12) N/m,其中地壳流变强度为2.12′10~(12) N/m,地幔流变强度为5.29′10~(11) N/m,有效弹性厚度为11.7~14.5 km,地壳的流变性质控制了岩石圈的流变行为。此外,西湖凹陷岩石圈总强度较低,在构造应力作用下易于变形,且存在壳幔解耦现象。西湖凹陷岩石圈热状态及流变性质决定了西湖凹陷东部地区主要以浅部地壳的断层滑动和地层破裂来调节深部的构造应力。     

Numerical modeling of Late Miocene tectonic inversion in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin,China

The East China Sea Shelf Basin is an important oil- and gas-bearing basin in the West Pacific continental margin. This region was affected by subduction of the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate in Cenozoic and experienced multi-stage tectonic inversions. This paper presents results from a numerical simulation by finite element method to the Xihu Sag in the East China Sea Shelf Basin and neighboring areas in an attempt to evaluate the WNW-directed compression on the sag during Late Miocene. Based on comprehensive structural analysis of a large number of seismic profiles, we determine the structural geometry of the sag, including the basement of the basin, the sedimentary cover, and 29 major faults in the Xihu Sag. Simulation results show that under continuous WNW-directed compression, tectonic inversion occurred firstly in the Longjing and Yuquan tectonic zones in the sag. Based on quantitative analysis of vertical displacement field of the Xihu Sag and peripheral areas and its stress intensity evolution, we identify a compressional regime in the Longjing Anticline Zone with a gradually propagated uplifting from south to north; whereas the propagation of uplifting in the Yuquan Anticline Zone is from north to south. The inversion intensity decreases from north to south. The formation of the tectonic inversion zone in the Xihu Sag is not only correlated to the direction of compression and fault patterns in the basin, but also closely related to the spatial configuration of fault surfaces of the Xihu–Jilong Fault in the Xihu Sag.