Thermal expansion of granitoids

The thermal rock properties are particularly important for natural stones whenever a temperature change may occur, which becomes particularly important when different materials are combined on any architectural structure. The thermal expansion of a rock is dependent on the coefficients of the expansion of the individual rock-forming minerals and the rock fabric. A systematic study on 65 different stones, mostly granitoids and others magmatic rocks, most of them are often used as dimensional building stones, was performed. Temperature and moisture are very important parameters in the natural environment. Therefore, the thermal expansion, and in addition the thermohygric expansion on selected examples, was measured. The data were also discussed considering the effect of the mineralogy and the temperature. A modeling approach was introduced to show how the mineralogy and the related single crystal properties affect the thermal properties and how good a simple calculation can help to characterize the measured thermal expansion of a rock. The directional dependence of the thermal expansion was also discussed and explained based on detailed rock fabric measurements. In this study, the bowing of granitoid samples was tested and compared with bowing phenomena of granitoid facade panels. The slabs were cut in different directions and were studied under different conditions of temperatures and water saturation. It could be clearly documented that the temperature and the moisture have a control on the bowing behavior. The implication of our data is that thermal expansion depends greatly on wetting and drying, i.e., the thermal cracking is characterized by the residual strain observed after cooling to room temperature. The sensitivity to the thermal cracking has a significant control on the application in architectural constructions.     

Natural building stone composed of light-transmissive minerals: impacts on thermal gradients,weathering and microbial colonization. A preliminary study,tentative interpretations,and future directions

A number of modern buildings employing claddings of granites or marbles have experienced bowing of the rock panels together with weathering of the material. Theoretical and field-based data analysis and laboratory experimentation have assumed that heat exchange resulting from incoming solar radiation is at the material surface. However, a number of recent experiments have clearly shown that some lithologies, including both marble and granite, comprise a number of light-transmissive minerals that significantly change the thermal responses in the outer few millimetres of the rock. Further, this translucence will create mineral-to-mineral stresses where light-transmissive minerals are in contact with opaque ones. The whole is further exacerbated by differences in thermal coefficients of expansion and conductivity which themselves may depend on the mineral axis; surface modifiers such as paints further complicate the situation. The degree of light penetration, based on field measurements, can be significant and can facilitate rapid changes in temperature (ΔT/Δt > 2°C min⁻¹) at depth within the rock thereby increasing the sub-surface stresses. The amount of light penetration for any given mineral will be dependent upon material slope, the latitude, season, and albedo. Albedo is identified as a complex variable, changing as a function of the angle of the sun to the particular surface; polished surfaces, as often with cladding, will further influence this. Data analysis suggests that, in the Northern hemisphere, south of the polar circle, the summer may not be the time of the largest heat loading on the southern aspect and that larger loadings, coupled with lower air temperatures, occur early and late in the year. This seasonal impact has great potential for thermal stresses on the southern aspect. The presence of light-transmissive minerals also allows sub-surface biotic colonization and results in weathering. Overall, where light transmissive minerals/lithologies occur the thermal responses are highly complex and in need of more rigorous consideration.     

The shift of the α-β transition temperature of quartz associated with the thermal expansion of granite at high pressure

Measurements are presented of volume changes in granite during room-temperature compression to 100, 200 and 300 MPa confining pressure followed by temperature increase to 900°C. Comparison with thermal expansion and compressibility data for the constituent minerals allows changes in porosity to be estimated. Under confining pressure, porosity is found to decrease with heating to 200°C through expansion of the minerals into cracks which are thought to be related to the geological cooling history of the rock. Between 200°C and 840°C porosity increases as a result of differential thermal expansion of the constituent minerals, but crack opening is increasingly suppressed at higher confining pressures. Extrapolation of the results indicates that differential thermal expansion can no longer cause crack opening in dry granite at confining pressures in excess of 450 MPa. The quartz α-β transition temperature in granite is marked by a kink in the thermal expansion curve of the rock, and it is found to increase by 60°C–70°C per 100 MPa confining pressure, as opposed to the published value of 26°C per 100 MPa for single crystals of quartz. Equations are presented which allow calculation of the effects of confining pressure and temperature on the stresses and displacements in and around a spherical inclusion embedded in a matrix of different elasticity and thermal expansion. The theory, together with a simple self-consistent model for granite, accounts semiquantitatively for the observations of thermal expansion and the effect of confining pressure thereon, and for the observed α-β transition temperatures for quartz in granite.     

Bowing of dimensional granitic stones

Bowing is a well-known phenomenon seen in marbles used as building veneers. This form of rock weathering occurs as a result of external factors such as temperature, humidity, the system for anchoring the marble slabs or the panel dimensions. Under the same external conditions, many factors will determine the degree of deformation including petrography, thermal properties and residual locked stresses. The usual way to solve the problem of bowed marble slabs is to replace them with other materials, such as granites, in which the deformation still exists but is less common. In this study, eight ornamental granites with different mineralogy, grain size, grain shape, porosity and fabric were tested in a laboratory to assess their susceptibility to bowing. Three slabs of granite, each cut with a different orientation, were studied under different conditions of temperature (90 and 120°C) and water saturation (dry and wet) to investigate the influence of these factors together with that of anisotropy. At 90°C, only the granite with the coarsest grain size and low porosity exhibited deformation under wet conditions. At 120°C and wet conditions, three of the granites showed evident signs of bowing. Again, the granite with the coarsest grain size was the most deformed. It was concluded that the wide grain size distribution influences microcracking more than other expected factors, such as the quartz content of the rock. Also, mineral shape-preferred orientation and porosity play an important role in the bowing of the studied granites.     

A magnetic fabric study of the Shap region in the English Lake District

The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy technique was applied to 50 sites, comprising 280 core samples from the Shap Granite and the surrounding country rocks from both within and outside the thermal aureole. The magnetic fabrics of individual cores from the granite pluton indicate preferred orientations of non-equi-dimensional magnetite grains. This fabric developed during the slow ascent and consequent cooling of the magma. The sites from the metamorphic rocks from the immediate contact with the Shap Granite show weak axial shortening directions which are subnormal to the granite contact. Core samples from the surrounding Ordovician and Silurian rocks within the thermal metamorphic aureole but further from the granite have oblate magnetic- fabric ellipsoids with subvertical magnetic foliations trending approximately NE-SW, parallel to the regional Caledonian cleavage planes. This suggests that the magnetic fabric observed in the granite is primary with respect to the time of emplacement of the magma, and that this emplacement post-dates the main compressive phase of the Caledonian Orogeny. The effect of the granite on the country rock is mainly thermal metamorphism with mechanical deformation limited to a very narrow strip around the granite.     

地应力与岩体模量关系的理论及试验研究

岩体模量（弹性模量及变形模量）是工程岩体力学特性的基础参数之一,研究地应力状态与岩体模量之间的关系具有重要意义.基于静弹性热力学模型原理,结合弹性理论,推导了水平主应力与岩体性质参数的定量关系,并对地应力与岩体模量的关系进行了探讨.在此基础上,以赣龙铁路梅花山隧道为依托,开展了围岩应力及岩体模量参数的现场测试工作,并将实测成果与理论分析进行对比.结果表明：当埋深影响较小时,花岗岩中的水平主应力与岩体模量呈线性正相关关系;当埋深相差较大时,深度对地应力及岩体模量的影响均不可忽略,水平主应力与岩体模量一般呈非线性关系,需要进一步研究;对花岗岩中的岩体弹性模量和变形模量与水平主应力之间的相关性进行对比发现,岩体变形模量与水平主应力的相关性更好.研究成果可为工程岩体力学参数取值及评价提供借鉴.     

Marble bowing: comparative studies of three different public building facades

The veneer cladding of the Oeconomicum (OEC, Göttingen), the State Theatre of Darmstadt (STD, Darmstadt) and of the State and University Library (SUB, Göttingen) is characterised by pronounced bowing after a short time of exposure. Direct comparison of bowing data related to measurements from 2000 to 2003 at the SUB clearly show that the amplitude in bowing had significantly increased. The bowing is different in intensity and orientation (concave, convex). The cladding material (Peccia marble, Rosa Estremoz marble and Carrara marble) are different in lattice preferred orientation, grain size distribution and grain interlocking. Depending on the bowing, panels may show cracks mostly initiated at the dowels. The percentage of visible cracks and breakouts increases with the amplitude of bowing except for the STD. Repetitive heating–cooling under dry conditions leads to considerable inelastic residual strain only after the first or second thermal cycle. The residual strain continuously increases again if water is present, whereby the moisture content after a thermal cycle has a certain impact on the decay rate. The water-enhanced thermal dilatation strongly correlates with the deterioration rate obtained from the laboratory bow test. Detailed petrophysical investigations provide evidence that with increasing bowing a decrease of mechanical properties (flexural strength or breaking load at dowel hole) occur. Marble degradation is also connected with the increase in porosity and a general shift of the maximum pore radii to larger pore sizes. On-site damage analyses were combined with laboratory tests of the bowing potential to constrain factors that may influence the risk failure. The experimental bowing data clearly demonstrate that after 40 heating cycles combined with the effect of moisture a certain impact on the decay rate is observed. In the case of demounted panels the bowing tests show that already strongly deformed panels from the building exhibit a lower bowing potential than those with lower amplitudes of bowing. This is not the general case for all marble types. Finally, the artificial bowing causes a significant reduction of the flexural strength and the breaking load at the dowel hole. The strength loss of the experimentally aged claddings combined with on-site damage analyses led to conclusions concerning risk assessment and the predicted lifetime of the investigated marble claddings.     

花岗岩低温热力效应参数及强度规律研究

长期处于变低温环境中的岩石热力学效应主要表现为材料的力学特性参数、热力系数和饱和冻结状态孔隙冰胀系数等随温度改变而发生变化,这种变化对岩体的变形及强度特性均有显著影响。根据变物性参数的非线性热弹性理论,建立了考虑热力系数和冰胀力系数的本构方程,给出了单轴压缩条件下热力效应系数随温度变化的分析格式和确定方法;借助于花岗岩不同低温干燥和饱和冻结状态的单轴压缩试验资料,获得了花岗岩低温热力效应与温度的关系,并探讨了其对花岗岩抗压强度的影响特性。分析表明,在变低温环境下花岗岩热力系数和冰胀力系数均随相对温差的增大而逐渐减小,热力系数降低速率小于冰胀系数降低速率,在同一温差下热力系数大于冰胀系数;热应力和冰胀应力与温度改变量呈非线性增长关系;花岗岩抗压强度在两种状态下均呈增大趋势,但主要以热应力为主,热力系数引起的试样轴向应力增量总是大于冰胀力引起的轴向应力增量。所给方法及研究成果可用于长期处于变低温状态下材料的力学性能研究及其工程应用。     

The Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith (Pampean Ranges,Argentina): structural evidences,emplacement and timing of the intrusion

Within the southern part of the Sierra Pampeanas (the Sierra de San Luis, Argentina), a series of extensive intrusive bodies are regarded to post-date the Famatinian cycle but were emplaced during the Achalian, a period of heterogeneous deformation along crustal scale fault zones. The largest of those is the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith that is situated at the northern end of the transpressive, sinistral Guzmán shear zone. This composite pluton exhibits three sub-domains that comprise two granitoid sub-units each: The southern Potrerillos stock (muscovite-bearing red granite and biotite-bearing red granite) and the central (biotite porphyritic granite and giant porphyritic granite) and northern domain (equigranular granite and porphyritic granite) of the Las Chacras stock. The crystallisation ages of the biotite porphyritic granite is around 381 Ma (U/Pb on zircons and Pb/Pb on sphene), while the host rock was already cooled below 350 °C at 420 Ma. Thermal modelling approaches favour a pulsed intrusion with a duration of 1.5 Ma. The emplacement was followed by rapid cooling below the muscovite cooling temperature. Biotite cooling ages in different sub-units reflect either a long-lasting cooling history of approximately 30 Ma (which is supported by the modelling) or a reheating effect at around 350 Ma. Devonian-age determinations on the fault rocks and granitoids point to a syn-tectonic emplacement of the batholith. The pluton is interpreted to be positioned at the crossover of sinistral shear zones. The origin of this NNE directed extensional setting in a transpressive regime seems to be related to the transfer of displacement along a secondary set of NNW-trending sinistral faults. The final emplacement is due to a subsequent ballooning of the batholith following the direction of space creation. This model is based on the relative timing of the emplacement sequence and macroscopically visible planar fabrics in the field as well as magnetic fabric data. Our results indicate that the emplacement is syn-kinematic with respect to the Achalian deformation event.     

桂东北地区几个加里东期花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造环境判别

通过对该区花岗岩的常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素成分分析对比，利用岩石化学特征并结合岩体产出地质条件，对花岗岩形成的构造环境进行了综合判别。提出桂东北花岗岩具有相同的成因和来源，属同一岩浆结晶分异演化而来。结晶分异作用为花岗岩的主要成岩方式。越城岭、苗儿山和海洋山岩体主要形成于同碰撞的挤压构造环境下，而大宁岩体总体构造环境为处于碰撞前向同碰撞转换的挤压构造环境。     

New ASTER derived thermal indices to delineate mineralogy of different granitoids of an Archaean Craton and analysis of their potentials with reference to Ninomiya's indices for delineating quartz and mafic minerals of granitoids—An analysis in Dharwar Craton,India

We processed five thermal infrared (TIR) bands of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) “at-sensor radiance” (Level 1B) data to derive few new indices to delineate variation in quartz, feldspar and mafic minerals in three different variants of granitoid; commonly occurring quartz bearing intrusive rock group. In this regard, three indices named as quartz-bearing rock index (QRI), feldspar-bearing rock index (FRI) and mafic-bearing rock index(MRI) were proposed.QRI index was derived using band 10, band 12 and band 13((band 10/band 12) 1 (band 13/band 12)) of ASTER radiance image. MRI index was derived using band 12, band 13 and band 14 ((band 12/band 13) 1 (band 13/band 14)) of ASTER radiance bands while band 10, band 11 were combined to derive FRI ((band 10/band 11) index. Three indices were combined in false colour composite image (FCC) and three-dimensional scatter plot to delineate granite, alkali granite and mafic rich granodioritic gneiss from each other as these granitoids had variable abundances of quartz, feldspar and mafic minerals. QRI and MRI were compared with the corresponding quartz and mafic indices proposed by Ninomiya (2005). It was observed from the respective ratio images and their regression plots that MRI and Ninomiya's mafic index (NMI) were complementary to each other. On the other hand, QRI image was better in enhancing quartz enrichment in alkali granites than Ninomiya's quartz index (NQI).However, QRI index was comparable with the quartz index proposed by Rockwall and Hofstra (2008) in terms of delineating quartz enrichment in alkali granite. Mutual exclusive nature of mafic minerals and quartz in granitoids was also evident from the negative correlation between MRI and QRI indices of the granitoids. On the other hand, FRI and QRI were negatively correlated with low regression value. This was resulted due to the combined effect of inverse relation of abundance of two dominant feldspars with quartz in different granitoids. In granitoids, abundance of plagioclase is known to increase with decreasing quartz content in granodiorite and tonalite although alkali feldspar bearing granites are characterised with high silica content. Results of discrimination of granitoids using proposed indices were validated based on deriving emissivity spectra of rocks and comparing them with ASTER TIR band resampled laboratory spectra of respective granitoids in addition to use geological map of the study area. Emissivity spectra of granitoids were derived from emissivity image (derived using emissivity normalisation method) after geospatially tagging it with QRI–FRI–MRI image composite; which was used to delineate exposures of granitoids. Further, we also found that the QRI, MRI and FRI indices had poor temperature dependence; when these indices were compared with relative surface temperature image derived from radiance bands using emissivity normalisation algorithm. Therefore, proposed indices can be implemented for delineating mineralogical variations of granitoids irrespective of surface temperature condition. Hence, proposed indices may be used successfully to delineate different granitic intrusions and relating their mineralogical variations with metallogeny.     

Laboratory and case studies of thermal cycling and stored strain on the stability of selected marbles

Studies of marble panels from the exterior of two buildings document the processes leading to bowing of the material. Bowing of panels is most extensive in those areas that are exposed to direct or reflected thermal energy. The thermal anisotropic behavior of calcite results in grain-boundary separation, grain sliding and microfracturing. The resulting loss of strength is one factor leading to bowing. The development of bows further reduces the panel strength as the outer portions elongate by inelastic deformation mechanisms. Laboratory experiments cycling marble samples for over 200 cycles at three temperatures up to 107°C above room conditions show similar strength losses as the natural situation. The second factor contributing to the bowing process is the release of residual elastic strain. The strain is in part stored in the marble from its geologic history, but may also be accumulated during thermal cycling due to the properties of calcite. Marble panels have been found to bow when stored outside, but not attached to any framework, indicating that the release of residual strain is a critical factor in producing the bows.     

Strain investigations on calcite marbles using neutron time-of-flight diffraction

In order to describe and explain the effect of bowing of marble facade panels, neutron time-of-flight diffraction was applied to determine residual macro- and microstrain on the calcite mineral phase. The measurements were combined with investigations of the crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) measurements by neutron diffraction, macroscopic measuring of the bowing on marble building stones, as well as microfabric analyses. Three samples were investigated to explain the bowing effect: a fresh broken sample, a good conditioned facade panel and a strongly deformed facade panel. Residual intracrystalline strain was detected in all investigated samples, which differed in the degree of bowing. For the first time, the preferred orientation and the residual strain were found to be related. The results show that different strain magnitudes are reflected by residual strains, which differ significantly in magnitude and direction. Furthermore, different Bragg peak widths have been detected as an indication of microscopic strain. The observed residual strain values in the samples are related with the grain shape and texture properties.     

广西海洋山花岗岩体侵位构造特征

花岗岩是大陆地壳的重要组成部分,是地球动力学演化的示踪剂。花岗岩体侵位构造的研究对于揭示花岗岩体的变形历史和侵位机制具有重要的科学价值。本文研究了海洋山花岗岩体的内部构造、与岩浆侵位应力有的围岩构造及热接触变质带特征,探讨了岩体和围岩的应变状态。研究发现,从岩浆侵位到冷凝固结,海洋山花岗岩体经历了液态流动、塑性变形和“半固态”冷凝阶段的演化。岩体各单元的应变类型分别是单轴压扁、平面应变、单轴压缩,     

东准噶尔北缘两类花岗质岩石及其地质意义

对东准噶尔北缘造山带内花岗质岩石以岩石地球化学特征为主的对比研究发现,该区主要存在两类花岗质岩石：造山带钙碱性花岗岩类和富碱花岗岩类。部分钙碱性花岗岩与新疆北部的埃迭克质岩具有相似的岩浆亲和性,而富碱花岗岩更多的表现出碱性花岗岩的岩石地球化学特点？两类花岗质岩石分别产于大陆碰撞造山带造山演化的俯冲环境和陆内后碰撞环境,...     

黑龙江省翠中铁钨多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

为了厘清翠中铁钨多金属矿床浅部的粗粒碱长花岗岩和深部的细粒碱长花岗岩与成矿之间的关系，本次工作对这2种岩浆岩分别进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素分析，对岩石和矿石开展了Pb同位素研究.粗粒碱长花岗岩和细粒碱长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为503±2.9 Ma和201±6.4 Ma，表明其侵入时代分别为加里东中期和印支晚期-燕山早期.辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄为202±2.9 Ma，与细粒碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄基本一致.粗粒碱长花岗岩中锆石的ε_Hf（t）值变化于-8.31~0.57，指示其来源于中元古代古老地壳部分熔融，细粒碱长花岗岩中锆石的ε_Hf（t）值为2.84~4.78，表明其起源于亏损地幔中新增生的年轻地壳物质的部分熔融.综合成岩成矿时代、成矿元素趋势面分析以及岩矿石Pb同位素对比，我们认为翠中铁钨多金属矿床的成矿作用与深部的细粒碱长花岗岩有关.结合区域构造演化历史，推测成矿作用可能形成于佳木斯地块向松嫩地块俯冲挤压的构造环境.      

Geochemistry of tin, tungsten and molybdenum in Swedish proterozoic granitoids: Their potential use in regional mineral exploration

The primary aim of this broad regional study is to statistically determine the Li-Sn-W-Mo-bearing potential of various granitoids using geochemical criteria. Computer based, univariate and multivariate statistical methods are applied to major- and trace-element data from about 660 granitic rock samples and over 800 major element analyses, selected from the Swedish geological literature. The granitoids are subdivided following earlier geotectonic chronologic and newer geochemical-statistical principles.Most granite types occurring in known Sn-W mineralized areas, except the granites around the W deposit of Baggetorp, were identified as potentially W-Sn-bearing. That is, they show significantly high mean and variance values for W and/or Sn as well as promising values of the probability parameters for these elements, compared to corresponding statistics for a calculated Swedish average granitoid (SAG).Evidence of very high total variability of Li, Sn and W within the individual granite types suggests the need for further tests, to control the variability errors due to sampling and preparation and errors of chemical analysis. These sources of error may obscure natural elemental heterogeneity of the granite type that is of interest in geochemical prospecting.Interpretations of Sn, W and Li frequency distribution patterns, petrochemical trends and multivariate similarity tests suggest that the primary chemistry of the granitoids is overprinted by (a) postmagmatic processes of broad regional nature, which have similarly affected the individual granite types, and (b) a wide variety of secondary alterations of local character. These conclusions imply that potential Sn and W deposits may be sought within all Swedish Proterozoic granitoids and their within all Swedish Proterozoic granitoids and their immediate sorroundings, where susch processes have redistributed and concentrated these where such processes have redistributed and concentrated these elements. However, the granites which are highly differentiated, Sn-W-Li-U-Th-F-enriched, and strongly and strongly magnetic are particularly promising target areas for further, extensive rock-geochemical prospecting and other exploration surveys. rock-geochemical prospecting and other exploration surveys.     

Geochemical and petrographic studies of Ta mineralization in the Nuweibi albite granite complex, Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Nuweibi albite granite is one of 14 known Sn-Ta-Nb bearing granitoids in the Eastern Desert region of Egypt. The granite is a highly leucocratic, albite-rich rock with accessory columbite-tantalite, cassiterite, microlite and ixiolite as well as topaz, garnet and white mica. Ages of 450–600 Ma were obtained from zircons by the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb evaporation method. Great uncertainty is caused by the small size and poor quality of the grains, but the precision is sufficient to indicate that the granite is late- or postorogenic with respect to the Panafrican orogeny. The Nuweibi granite is divided into a western and an eastern part by a regional fault. Both parts of the granite are compositionally similar but there are important differences and a clear compositional gap between them, so they are considered separate facies of an intrusive complex. The eastern part of the granite is more highly mineralized, has higher modal albite contents and higher Ta/Nb ratios, both in the whole rock and in the ore minerals. It is suggested that the two parts of the granite evolved from a common source and were emplaced sequentially, the eastern part representing a later, more fractionated magma. Textural evidence strongly suggests that the granite has a magmatic origin overall, but disturbance of geochemical trends at the whole-rock scale and at the scale of zoning profiles in individual grains of columbite-tantalite indicate post-magmatic overprinting. By analogy with other Ta-bearing albite granites, the sodic bulk composition of the Nuweibi granite can be explained by fluorine enrichment in the magma. Fluorine contents in the magma were high enough to stabilize topaz, and muscovites contain 2–4 wt.%. F. However, whole-rock F contents are low. We speculate that the low Ca, Al and P contents of the magma prevented abundant F-bearing minerals to form and led to loss of fluorine to now-eroded roof rocks. Received: 8 November 1995 / Accepted: 10 June 1996     

中国不同岩石类型花岗岩类元素丰度及特征

依据采自全国范围内约750个有代表性的大、中型花岗岩类岩体上的768件组合样的实测分析数据,这里计算并提出了碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩、石英二长闪长岩等中国不同岩石类型的花岗岩类岩石近七十种化学元素或成份的丰度,探讨了中国不同花岗岩类岩石的岩石化学特征和微量元素丰度的特征。     

Mechanical Response of Lined and Unlined Heated Drifts

Summary Approximate relations are developed to determine the steady stresses and displacements that may develop in unlined and lined drifts heated above ambient, as representative of conditions in a nuclear waste repository. For a series of parallel, unlined drifts, radial convergence due solely to thermal effects is everywhere null at early-times; at late times it is a maximum inward at springline, and an equivalent maximum outward at crown and invert. Support pressures and hoop stresses are evaluated for a flexible liner placed in intimate contact with the drift wall, following excavation, where a full slip condition is applied at the drift-liner interface. For rock mass moduli of similar order to, or smaller than, the liner modulus, hoop stresses and support pressures are shown insensitive to rock mass parameters. Surprisingly, liner stresses are strongly controlled by liner modulus, liner Poisson ratio, liner thermal expansion coefficient, and instantaneous liner temperature, and only weakly by rock mass modulus. Response is shown independent of thermal expansion coefficient of the rock mass, and temperature distribution beyond the drift wall. The “misfit” expansion of the liner in the drift cavity controls liner stresses that rise linearly with the temperature of the liner, alone. Importantly, the results demonstrate the potential to control magnitudes of thermal stresses by the incorporation of compressible elements within the liner, or within the blocking or backfill behind the liner. Although the results are partly conditioned by the assumptions of a fully flexible liner and full slip conditions at the drift-liner interface, they serve to define the important parametric dependencies in the mechanical response of heated drifts.