减小水平分量磁变仪记录非线性的技术措施

讨论了减小水平分量磁变仪记录非线性的技术措施。选择适宜的标度值(C/M)、选取适当的入射角α_0、选择适当的记录距离R是改善水平分量磁变仪记录状态的主要途径。文中对比作了具体分析。     

水平分量磁变仪的定向实验

水平分量磁变仪的定向实验《地磁台站观测规范》规定水平分量磁变仪（以下称Ｈ仪），在磁偏角磁变仪安装后进行（因Ｄ磁针磁矩小，可忽略其影响认为Ｈ仪处在无磁环境），并用“扭头带动镜面法”（以下称△／△θ法）对Ｈ仪定向。然后安装之磁系、记下Ｚ磁系对Ｈ光点的影响...     

水平分量磁变仪标度值随记录n变化率的测定及应用

水平分量磁变仪标度值Ｓ随记录ｎ的变化呈稳定的线性关系，但变化率Ｋｎ各地磁台仪器并不相同。用本文方法测定Ｋｎ可以获得满意的结果。Ｋｎ的精确测定可使水平分量磁变仪非线性记录的计算方法进入实用化，可以校正Ｋ尺或电磁转换函计算值使之更精确，从而提高地磁资料质量。     

水平分量磁变仪的定向与定向检查

水平分量磁变仪定向与定向检查是保证记录质量的一项重要工作。本文研究表明，失磁下影响的的一般条件下，定向与定向检查均可用”扭头带动镜面法进行，日常可根据定向记录位置ｎ。监 状态。已有精确定向结果的标度线圈用于定向检查与校正操作简便，如果度盘进一步改进，检查精度也可以达到较高水平。     

提高水平分量磁变仪资料质量的研究

本文论述了提高水平分量磁变仪资料质量的措施；这些措施包括（１）Ｈ仪定向及定向监督方法：（２）对Ｈ仪非线性记录进行改正计算的实用化方法：（３）减小或消除Ｈ记录非线性，提高Ｈ仪在记录中保持定向能力的技术措施，这些方法，有助于进一步提高Ｈ仪资料质量。     

三分量磁变仪自动标定器研制

大连地磁台三分量地磁仪原配用 CB-3型磁变仪配电盘用以提供记录灯电流 ,标定电流及三分量转换开关 ,随着磁照图质量越来越高 ,对标定电流的稳定性 ,电流的升降特性要求也越来越苛刻 ,原 CB-3型磁变仪配电盘很难适应 ,鉴于地磁全面化改造还有待时日 ,即使改造后可能仍需平行观测一个时期 ,应地震台的要求设计制作了这种三分量地磁仪自动标定电源。1　主要性能指标提供可调记录灯电流 80～ 1 3 0 m A;记录灯断丝报警 ;自动时号 ,曝光量连续可调 ,时号指示 ;定时触发标定 ;三分量标定过程自动完成 ;标定节拍连续可调 ;标定电流升降斜率由节…     

磁变仪标度值自动测量装置

1.概述过去佘山台地磁组测量磁变仪标度值一直是用手动方式进行的。控制开关包括正常仪和备用仪的共有7组,必须人为设定时间间隔按程序反复多次启闭才能完成测量工作既繁琐又易出差错。     

三分量磁通门磁变仪和经典磁变仪记录的比较

对磁通门磁变仪和经典光记录磁变仪记录进行比较分析。认为可以用磁通门磁变仪记录和处理日常数据。用经典磁变仪来判断和改正磁通门磁变仪的记录错误。     

对大连地磁台垂直分量基线值的分析

本文对大连台1986—1988年的CB_3型磁变仪垂直分量基线值进行分析,结果表明,基线值在一年中呈现出双周期现象,与记录室温度有密切的非线性关系,当记录室温度上升或下降至13—14℃时,则基线值发生相反的转折。     

三分量磁通门磁变仪探头正交误差对定向的影响

本文分析了磁通门磁变仪探头三分量正交度误差对定向的影响并提出了减小其影响的措施。     

关于基线值拟合问题的讨论

基线值是沟通相对记录与绝对观测的桥梁,是相对记录仪器的工作状态与绝对观测值的准确程度的综合反应,它在地磁台站工作中具有举足轻重的地位和作用。如何准确地、定量地评定基线值的质量,是一个对台站工作有指导意义的重要问题。本文指出多元线性回归方法用于基线值拟合和质量评定的物理机制清楚,计算结果有明确的物理意义。对多项式拟合方法及基线值的温度系数和误差统计的某些观点也进行了讨论。     

崇明地震台FGE磁通门磁力仪D分量基线值的确定

基线值是考察记录仪运行是否稳定可靠的一个重要指标。本文以记录仪的D分量为例,通过认真仔细地分析与探索,使用数据处理的方法,解决了崇明台FGE磁通门磁力仪基线值不稳定的问题。这对基线值的确定和日常的数据处理都具有一定的指导意义。     

Seismic risk of circum-Pacific earthquakes: II. Extreme values using Gumbel's third distribution and the relationship with strain energy release

In a previous paper (Makropoulos andBurton, 1983) the seismic risk of the circum-Pacific belt was examined using a whole process technique reduced to three representative parameters related to the physical release of strain energy, these are:M ₁, the annual modal magnitude determined using the Gutenberg-Richter relationship;M ₂, the magnitude equivalent to the total strain energy release rate per annum, andM ₃, the upper bound magnitude equivalent to the maximum strain energy release in a region.The risk analysis is extended here using the part process statistical model of Gumbel's IIIrd asymptotic distribution of extreme values. The circum-Pacific is chosen being a complete earthquake data set, and the stability postulate on which asymptotic distributions of extremes are deduced to give similar results to those obtained from whole process or exact distributions of extremes is successfully checked. Additionally, when Gumbel III asymptotic distribution curve fitting is compared with Gumbel I using reduced chi-squared it is seen to be preferable in all cases and it also allows extensions to an upper-bounded range of magnitude occurrences. Examining the regional seismicity generates several seismic risk results, for example, the annual mode for all regions is greater thanm(1)=7.0, with the maximum being in the Japan, Kurile, Kamchatka region atm(1)=7.6. Overall, the most hazardous areas are situated in this northwestern region and also diagonally opposite in the southeastern circum-Pacific. Relationships are established between the Gumbel III parameters and quantitiesm ₁(1),X ₂ and , quantities notionally similar toM ₁,M ₂ andM ₃ although is shown to be systematically larger thanM; thereby giving a physical link through strain energy release to seismic risk statistics. Inall regions of the circum-Pacific similar results are obtained forM ₁,M ₂ andM ₃ and the notionally corresponding statistical quantitiesm ₁(1),X ₂ and , demonstrating that the relationships obtained are valid over a wide range of seismotectonic enviroments.     

江河源区生态系统服务价值评估初探——以江西东江源区为例

应用生态学、生态经济学、福利经济学方法和前人的研究成果,在研究江河源区生态系统价值评估流程和评估方法的基础上,以江西东江源区为研究案例,初步估算出东江源区生态系统服务功能经济总价值为81.0亿元,约为东江源区2004年国内生产总值(GDP)的4.11倍,单位面积生态系统服务功能价值为23121元/hm2,并对估算结果进行了分析.     

利用Sato模型研究上海及邻近地区尾波Q值

利用2011年至2013年上海及邻近地区的常熟地震台、金泽地震台、佘山地震台记录的ML2.0以上地震波资料,基于Sato模型,采用不同的流逝时间,计算该区域的尾波Q值。结果表明:该区域为低Q值、高频率依赖性区域;不同流逝时间下同一个地震的Q值是不同的,流逝时间越长Q值越大;在2012年7月20日江苏宝应ML5.0级地震发生前,尾波Q值存在增大现象。     

型钢高强混凝土柱轴压比限值的试验研究

通过20个型钢高强混凝土柱的低周反复加载试验对其受力性能进行了研究，分析了剪跨比、轴压比、配箍率以及混凝土强度对型钢高强混凝土柱延性的影响，提出了不同剪跨比、不同配箍率的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值。其中，剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值由大、小偏心界限破坏时力的平衡条件并结合试验结果确定，而剪跨比小于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值则通过与剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的延性对比加以确定。     

A study of energy conversion in the wave number domain

Energy conversions from potential to kinetic energy have been studied for a part of the Northern Hemisphere in the wave number domain. The vertical distribution of energy conversions were examined and the results have been compared with the other's observational results as well as that of forecast models.     

Reconstruction of groundwater levels to impute missing values using singular and multichannel spectrum analysis: application to the Ardabil Plain,Iran

ABSTRACT

Groundwater-level time series often have a substantial number of missing values which should be taken into consideration before using them for further analysis, particularly for numerical groundwater flow modelling applications. This study aims to comprehensively compare two data-driven models, singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and multichannel spectrum analysis (MSSA), to reconstruct groundwater-level time series and impute the missing values for 25 piezometric stations in Ardabil Plain, northwest Iran. The reconstructed groundwater-level time series are assessed against the complete observed groundwater time series, while the imputed values are appraised against the artificially created gap values. The results show that both SSA and MSSA demonstrate a solid competency in imputation and reconstruction of groundwater-level data. However, depending on the spatial correlation between the piezometers, and the most suitable probability distribution function (pdf) fitted to the time series of each piezometer, the performance may vary from piezometer to piezometer.     

On the estimation of hysteretic energy demands for SDOF systems

Based on a statistical study of the dynamic response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to earthquake ground motions, a rule to estimate hysteretic energy demands is proposed. Expressions for elastic–perfectly plastic, stiffness degrading and pinching SDOF systems were obtained. The proposed rule does not explicitly depend on the period of the system; instead, it depends on the elastic pseudo‐acceleration and elastic velocity spectra. It is shown that the proposed rule can be applied to compute hysteretic energy demands for systems located at different soil conditions. In addition, information about scatter and bias of the proposed rule is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.