试论未来旅游公共关系发展趋势

旅游业是世界上最大的产业之一,遍及世界各地的旅游观光者目前已超过40×108人,这意味着旅游业的公共关系工作存在许多机会,出色而有创造性的公共关系工作将扩大旅游业的影响.本文以此背景,综述未来旅游公共关系发展的趋势.     

地方创业与集群转型：一个理论整合的视角

在辨析地方创业概念和内涵的基础上,分析地方创业在集群发展不同阶段的作用和方式,并借鉴演化经济地理中最新的复杂理论,重点辨析在集群非线性发展过程中地方创业主体与集群结构的反馈过程,其中通过整合经济地理学中制度和关系转向的研究进展,提出必须特别关注在集群转型阶段地方创业主体的能动性,把地方创业过程看作创业家与集群内其他主体之间关系网络的制度-权力实践过程,这个实践过程的目的是为了使得新产业的技术范式和组织范式获得社会合理性,从而提高集群弹性,并促进集群转型和更新。     

面向本地市场的目的地旅游发展研究——以香港为例

通过对香港居民本地旅游消费行为的调查与访谈发现,家庭群体是本地旅游市场的消费主力,因此,本地居民虽然在单次旅游消费上表现为中低水平,但旅游活动的频率次数、人数规模都相当可观,同样成为了旅游目的地消费群体的主力构成。同时,居民本地旅游活动表现出自助活动为主、意愿偏好明显等消费行为特征,由此对旅游产品开发、公共交通设施、市场宣传营销以及旅游发展的社会公平都提出了不同于外地游客的要求,目的地的旅游发展必须在上述方面进行针对性地组织安排,才能实现对本地旅游消费市场的开拓发展,从而促成目的地旅游发展经济性和公平性的共同实现。     

Oil and Gas Production in the Russian Sector of the Caspian Sea: Public Opinion on Development Paths and Consequences

This article considers public opinion in the republic of Dagestan on the expansion of hydrocarbon production in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea. The article reports the findings of a survey (N = 956) conducted in 2010 in fourteen rural locations in the republic. Overall, respondents uniformly oppose the proposed expansion of offshore oil and gas production in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea, seeing little economic benefit from this development and expressing concern about the environmental consequences. These findings resonate with work in geography on resource peripheries and development alternatives available in these locations.     

四川海螺沟旅游对当地农村经济和环境效应研究

旅游是合理开发并保护资源、发展农村经济的重要途径。海螺沟冰川森林公园是我国西南地区山区具有代表性的旅游开发景点之一。以问卷调查为主要数据来源，参考政府部门相关资料，以自然资源的可持续利用以及农民生活的可持续性为研究内容，探讨了在旅游开发过程中带来的一些正面以及负面影响，并对资源的优化管理模式和地方的可持续发展提出了建议。结论表明，旅游开发在对地方基础建设、经济发展起到重要带动作用的同时，对于当地农民没有带来明显的经济增收；当地农民受旅游开发的影响较小，就业机会与增收渠道有限；旅游开发带来的一些负面影响和农民薄弱的环境意识，仍然是当地生态环境巨大的潜在威胁；自然资源的合理开发与保护，农民生活水平的可持续发展，还有待于进一步改善资源管理和利益分配模式；旅游开发的可持续性需要加强管理部门与当地农民之间的信息交流。     

城市旅游与旅游城市的深化发展

城市旅游是以城市整体形象作为旅游吸引物,招徕游客进行各种游憩活动,其实质是人们对城市文明的向往与追求。一个城市要发展城市旅游,必须挖掘城市文明,提升城市的游憩功能,使城市转变为旅游城市,进而发展为优秀旅游城市。优秀旅游城市是城市旅游的品牌,它通过品牌效应直接影响旅游者的旅游决策,引发更多的城市旅游,从而实现城市旅游与旅游城市的互动发展。     

Megadevelopment in Malaysia: From Heritage Landscapes to "Leisurescapes" in Melaka's Tourism Sector

In Malaysia, state promotion of tourism as a main component of service sector expansion and foreign exchange earnings has compelled government at all levels to facilitate leisure industry development. Even in the relatively small state of Melaka, where its historic landscapes constitute significant heritage tourism resources, development projects for theme parks and golf resorts have proliferated. This analysis examines Malaysian tourism development through an evaluation of the diverse tourism sectors in Melaka town and state – heritage, theme park, golf resort, and ecotourism – to demonstrate how the developmental contexts of national and international economic restructuring, combined with regional tourism demand for activity-oriented leisure, have rationalised large-scale, high-cost, environmentally-sensitive real estate development projects. In the process, authentic natural and historic landscapes have been rapidly forsaken for ersatz "leisurescapes" where both domestic and foreign tourists consume representations of diverse symbolic worlds.     

闽侯县农村旅游业的发展对“三农”问题的缓解

本文以闽侯县为例,本着可持续发展和人地协调的原则,分析闽侯县“三农”问题的现状、特征和发展旅游业的优势和机遇(资源和市场),论述了闽侯县发展农村旅游的必要性和可行性,并提出若干建议。     

闽侯县农村旅游业的发展对"三农"问题的缓解

本文以闽侯县为例,本着可持续发展和人地协调的原则,分析闽侯县"三农"问题的现状、特征和发展旅游业的优势和机遇(资源和市场),论述了闽侯县发展农村旅游的必要性和可行性,并提出若干建议.     

Local Uniqueness in the Global Village: Heritage Tourism in Singapore

It is commonly assumed that the development of tourist attractions, the formulation of tourism policies, and the marketing of destination areas are dictated by the needs and interests of foreign visitors. What is ignored is the role that local factors and agencies play in these processes. This paper explores the way local and non-local factors are responsible for shaping the form and function of tourism development. Drawing upon the case of Singapore, I examine the country's heritage tourism phenomenon as the outcome of “local” and “global” forces. This argument is elaborated along three lines of enquiry. They include: (a) a study of the government's tourism policies; (b) an examination of marketing and promotional strategies; and (c) a look at a particular urban landscape—the Little India Historic District. To conceptualize the global-local nexus, the paper embraces two bodies of theory. They are the “locality concept” advanced by industrial geographers in the 1980s, and writings on “globalism/localism” by cultural/economic geographers in the 1990s. Both theoretical discussions reinforce the argument that place uniqueness need not be sacrificed as a result of globalization. They also provide a way of viewing tourism geographies as the product of global and local forces.     

日本绿色旅游发展及其对我国乡村旅游的启示

日本绿色旅游（乡村）主要在1990年代以后在国家农（山）村政策支持的背景下发展起来的。在阐述了日本绿色旅游发展的国家宏观政策演变,日本学者对绿色旅游的研究后,以长野县四贺村为例简要介绍了其开展逗留型市民农场旅游的经验：1、有基于村长的强有力的龙头的村领导的参与。2、通过“乡下的亲”制度的创办和各种活动的召开构建城乡村交流通道,改变价值观3、通过对区域绿色旅游开发条件利弊的分析,在有效利用和搭配资源,充分满足城市居民需要的前提下发展绿色旅游。最后在借鉴日本经验的基础上从宏观政策和具体的乡村旅游开发两方面对我国乡村旅游提出了建议。     

北京交通拥堵的外部性及其政府解决方法初探

本文针对北京市日益严重的交通拥堵及由此引起的大气污染和安全问题, 结合环境经济 学的外部性理论, 提出应该重视汽车交通的外部性, 认为北京市的交通拥堵症结在于外部性引起 的市场失效。由于汽车交通的群体性特点, 应该使用政府方法来解决城市汽车交通的外部性, 文 章结合英国伦敦市、新加坡和日本名古屋市的交通管理措施, 建议采取管制和经济手段相结合的 方式, 从控制机动车拥有量和机动车出行率及鼓励市民采取公共交通方式出行等各个方面加强 对北京市交通的管理。     

中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放量的初步估算

随着旅游产业规模的不断壮大,旅游业对气候、环境的影响日益引起国际机构和社会各界的关注.旅游业能源利用及二氧化碳排放是旅游对环境影响的重要驱动力之一,成为近5年来世界旅游研究的新兴热点.旅游产业特点决定了旅游业能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量的测算是个世界性的难题.本文采用"自下而上"法,通过文献研究与数理统计方法,首次系统估算...     

论山西永济旅游市场定位与旅游业发展策略

本文从国内外旅游市场及各个景区客源分布等方面着手,分析了山西省永济市旅游业发展现状、存在问题和制约因素,为永济发展旅游提出了产品定位、形象定位及营销战略等建议,旨在使永济旅游业跨上一个新台阶,逐步实现旅游可持续发展的目标。     

论山西永济旅游市场定位与旅游业发展策略

本文从国内外旅游市场及各个景区客源分布等方面着手,分析了山西省永济市旅游业发展现状、存在问题和制约因素,为永济发展旅游提出了产品定位、形象定位及营销战略等建议,旨在使永济旅游业跨上一个新台阶,逐步实现旅游可持续发展的目标.     

Heritage as a Tourism Commodity: Traversing the Tourist–Local Divide

In developing tourist attractions, government planning authorities and entrepreneurs face a challenging task trying to cater to the interests of foreign visitors while meeting the needs of the local community. This paper presents the case of tourism development as a dynamic process in which the "tourist–local divide" is negotiated and the welfare of both groups monitored. This argument is empirically developed with the aid of two case studies on heritage tourism in Singapore: the adaptive re–use of old shophouses after their conversion into boutique hotels, and the re–invention of street activities as tourist sites. The commoditisation thesis advanced by many tourism writers is critiqued. I argue that heritage development is geared towards Singaporeans as much as it is towards tourists, and the effects of commoditisation are not always negative for the host community. Rather than a static object, heritage is an ever–changing product influenced by the combined effects of economic development, tourism and socio–cultural forces at the local scale. For this reason, the notion that commoditisation leads to "inauthenticity" is re–evaluated and a more optimistic prognosis on heritage tourism is offered.     

文化生态:民俗风情旅游的开发

本文阐述了民俗风情旅游的开发有利于地方传统文化和民族文化的展示、传承以及地方经济的发展.但民俗风情旅游在开发过程中却陷入了展示真实文化与文化保护的"两难境地"."文化生态"的概念阐释对于民俗风情旅游的开发具有十分重要的启示作用.     

国家地质公园及其旅游开发

文章在介绍了地质遗迹和地质公园两个基本名词后，阐述了国家地质公园的概念及其特点。然后。从旅游价值的角度，对国家地质公园进行了分类研究，并将其分为科学价值主导型、美学观赏主导型及主导性不明显型共3个类别。之后，文章从旅游的开发定位、开发原则及其开发策略几个方面，对国家地质公园的旅游开发进行了研究。