加卸载响应比的数值模拟

用数值模型来模拟和验证加卸载响应比（ＬＵＲＲＬｏａｄ／Ｕｎｌｏａｄ　ＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＲａｔｉｏ）理论．编制非均匀各向异性材料宏细观损伤破坏程序,模拟固体材料在损伤破坏时的加卸载过程,证实了加卸载响应比理论的正确性．结果表明,ＬＵＲＲ这一反映地球介质临近破坏的指标,也可以用来预测材料的破坏．同时讨论了一些参数（如均匀程度和脆性程序）对ＬＵＲＲ的影响,发现材料越呈脆性,或越均匀,ＬＵＲＲ值上升得越晚,曲线越陡．该结果对用ＬＵＲＲ指标预测地震具有一定启发．     

加卸载响应比的数值模拟

用数值模型来模拟和验证加卸载响应比（ＬＵＲＲＬｏａｄ／Ｕｎｌｏａｄ　ＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＲａｔｉｏ）理论．编制非均匀各向异性材料宏细观损伤破坏程序,模拟固体材料在损伤破坏时的加卸载过程,证实了加卸载响应比理论的正确性．结果表明,ＬＵＲＲ这一反映地球介质临近破坏的指标,也可以用来预测材料的破坏．同时讨论了一些参数（如均匀程度和脆性程序）对ＬＵＲＲ的影响,发现材料越呈脆性,或越均匀,ＬＵＲＲ值上升得越晚,曲线越陡．该结果对用ＬＵＲＲ指标预测地震具有一定启发．     

平谷台地磁加卸载响应比与地震

将磁暴过程作为地球磁场对太阳风的加卸载响应,分析了平谷台１９９５年１月至１９９８年４月期间磁暴场的暴时扰日变化Ｄｓ（Ｚ）的响应比值Ｐ（Ｚ）的变化。发现Ｐ（Ｚ）高值与平谷台５５０ｋｍ,左右范围内ＭＳ≥５０的中强主震有较好的对应。     

加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究

利用大尺度岩石试件破坏声发射实验，对加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)理论进行了实验研究。实验采用的加载条件力求能够模拟地下岩石的复杂受力过程。在加载过程中，岩石试件内部出现的损伤用声发射技术进行了记录。实验数据经过分析之后所得的结论与加卸载响应比理论预测的结果相符合。把加卸载响应比值Y的变化情况与声发射事件定位的过程相对比，也可以进一步看出岩石材料内部的损伤发展过程与加卸载响应比Y值的变化具有一致性。而高Y值的异常情况出现，又是在材料发生最终破坏之前，所以，可以用加卸载响应比理论定量地分析岩石试件损伤演化情况，从而对岩石材料的破坏及地震做出预测。实验结果再一次验证了加卸载响应比理论。     

加卸载响应比理论研究进展综述

近年来，加卸载响应比理论的研究与应用取得了明显的进展。本文较全面地介绍了加卸载响应比理论的基本概念、震例检验及预报实践，并展望了该方法的应用前景。     

井水位气压加卸载响应比

将加卸载响应比的理论和方法引入到地下水位资料中．根据承压井水位的气压效应，将地球表面大气压的随机变化做为加载和卸载的力源，从理论上论征可以应用大气压变化而引起的井水位变化来计算加卸载响应比，并给出了计算方法．以此方法计算了1995年9月20日山东苍山Ms5．3地震前后鲁14井、鲁15井水位的气压加卸载响应比，分析了其变化特征。     

由加卸载响应比的时空变化预测中国大陆未来的地震趋势

利用加卸载响应比理论在１９９４年底对中国大一年左右尺度的地震趋势预测，总体上是符合实际情况的。在１９９５年还发展了基于高响应比区向未来震中延迁移、全聚的规律对地震的时空强参数进行预测的方法。并据此对云南孟连地震作了中期预测，该次地震的时空强参数都在预测范围内。     

加卸载响应比理论在张北——尚义Ms6.2级地震预测中的应用

用加卸载响应比理论对张北－尚义Ｍｓ６．２地震国卸载响应比随时间的变化进行了较详细的研究。结果表明,震前加卸载响应比有较明显的上升异常。异常出现的时间、异常幅度大小与所选择的区域有关,与所选取的震级下限有关,而且,还与发震构造和控震构造有关。异常与地震的对应关系表现为：上升异常出现,转折并恢复到正常值附近时发震。异常持续时间,短的半年以上,最长约６年左右。     

The Experimental Simulation of Rocks on Load/Unload Response Ratio for Earthquake Prediction

The load/unload experiments on rock failure under pressure have been carried out in Material Test System (MTS) in the Laboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and load/unload response ratio (LURR) values with strain as response (i.e. inverse elastic constant as response rate) have been obtained. The experimental results are in accordance with theoretical results and those in real earthquakes: LURR rises just before rock failure. So LURR can be used as the precursor of rock failure and earthquake prediction.     

加卸载响应比孕震积分在新疆地震预测中的综合应用研究

本文首先利用加卸载响应比孕震积分, 对2001年以来新疆境内南天山西段和喀什—乌恰交汇区发生的4次M_S≥6.0地震, 进行了震例检验。 结果显示, 孕震初期孕震积分在背景值附近波动, 变化平缓。 随着孕震程度的加剧, 孕震积分不断增加至峰值点, 快速回落过程中或恢复后发震。 我们还将加卸载响应比孕震积分初步应用到南天山西段的部分定点形变资料中, 对比分析了哈拉峻台、 乌恰台钻孔倾斜以及乌什水管仪、 伸缩仪和体应变趋势日均值与以台站为中心, 250 km为半径的加卸载响应比孕震积分时序图。 结果表明, ① 哈拉峻台和乌恰台区域内构造应力场应力处于不断加载的过程, 引起了定点形变资料速率的大幅度、 不稳定变化; ② 当构造应力场上的应力处于缓慢不断加载的过程时, 会引起定点形变测项速率方向发生改变, 表现形式为趋势异常; ③ 目前, 南天山西段构造应力场应力水平处于不断加载的过程。     

An Independent Assessment of the Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Proposed Method of Earthquake Prediction

The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is a proposed technique to predict earthquakes that was first put forward by Yin (1987). LURR is based on the idea that when an area enters the damage regime, the rate of seismic activity during loading of the tidal cycle increases relative to the rate of seismic activity during unloading in the months to one year preceding a large earthquake. Since earth tides generally contribute the largest temporal variations in crustal stress, it seems plausible that earth tides would trigger earthquakes in areas that are close to failure (e.g., Vidale et al., 1998). However, the vast majority of studies have shown that earth tides do not trigger earthquakes (e.g., Vidale et al., 1998; Heaton, 1982; Rydelek et al., 1992). In this study, we conduct an independent test of the LURR method, since there would be important scientific and social implications if it were proven to be a robust method of earthquake prediction. Smith and Sammis (2004) undertook a similar study and found no evidence that there was predictive significance to the LURR method. We have repeated calculations of LURR for the Northridge earthquake in California, following both the parameters of X.C. Yin (personal communication) and the somewhat different ones of Smith and Sammis (2004). Though we have followed both sets of parameters closely, we have been unable to reproduce either set of results. Our examinations have shown that the LURR method is very sensitive to certain parameters. Thus it seems likely that the discrepancies between our results and those of previous studies are due to unaccounted for differences in the calculation parameters. A general agreement was made at the 2004 ACES Workshop in China between research groups studying LURR to work cooperatively to resolve the differences in methods and results, and thus permit more definitive conclusions on the potential usefulness of the LURR method in earthquake prediction.     

The Natural Probability Distribution of Load and Unload Response Ratio

In this paper,the Gutenberg-Richter model is used to generate seismic events.The events that satisfy the random distribution are also generated.With those events,the natural probability distribution of Load and Unload Response Ratio(LURR),which measures quantitatively the degree of instability of a nonlinear system,is discussed.The study is based on stress energy release,which is chosen as the response of nonlinear system F3.The comparative results from the observation catalogue and generating data are also studied.It is revealed that the natural probability of LURR is mostly stable when the sample number is sufficient.The lower the natural probability of LURR,the more the precursory is information it may contain.The influence of Y3 resulting from the sample number and the magnitude range of events is also discussed.     

加卸载响应比的自然概率分布

从Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ的分布关系出发，以应用最多的以√Ｅ为响应量的Ｙ３为例，对模拟生成的满足Ｇ－Ｒ关系和均匀随机分布的事件探讨了加卸载响应比的自然概率分布，同时，还与首都圈地区的一组实际资料得到的自然概率进行了对比分析，结果表明，在样本量有保证的情况下，反映系统临近失稳程度的加卸载响应比Ｙ３的自然概率分布基本稳定，随机出现加卸载响应比高值的自然概率很低，因此，实际观测到的高响应经值确     

汶川余震序列的加卸载响应比分析

该文首先将汶川余震序列分成西南、 东北两段, 用加卸载响应比方法分别进行分析, 结果表明震后两段的响应比值都比较低, 明显小于1, 这可判断汶川地震属于主余震型地震; 且地震序列中的强余震(M≥5.0)发生前加卸载响应比值出现明显异常, 大都是加卸载响应比出现峰值, 之后发生强余震。 考虑到主震后余震的时空丛集现象, 结合ETAS模型对原有的加卸载响应比计算式进行改造, 并分析了主震之后15天的改造后响应比值, 发现改造后的响应比在一定程度上消除了丛集的影响, 并展示了对紧随主震发生的强余震的预测能力。     

Investigation on the Load/Unload Response Ratio With Coda Q-1 as Response

The load/unload response ratio YQ with the geophysical parameter coda Q-1 of the crust as response is denned in this study.The variation in YQ-1 before and after the Northridge earthquake of January 17,1994(California)has been investigated by using the data of coda Q-1 with frequencies of 1.5,3.0,6.0,12.0,and 24.0 Hz in the Southern California from 1987 to 1994.It can be found that YQ-1 for coda waves with all frequencies,the frequency of 12.0 Hz excluded,ascended to a certain extent prior to the occurrence of the rnainshock and returned to normality after the main shock.     

华北地区地磁加卸载响应比方法应用研究

运用地磁加卸载响应比方法(LURR)对华北地区23个地磁台站2008—2014年的数字化地磁相对记录数据进行计算分析,结果显示华北地区7年内发生了38次共计10组加卸载响应比异常,其中7组有震例对应,在选定的24次震例中16次有震前异常。经统计发现各次异常发生时其异常面积与最大异常强度成正比关系,各组异常内累计异常台站数量与组内地震辐射能量有一定相关性。对有震例的7组异常分析后认为多数情况下组内各次异常之间有一定联系,主要表现为位置的连续性及继承性,并且发现震中位置和异常位置分布有一定关系。     

Experimental Research on the Load／Unload Response Ratio （LURR） Theory

Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.     

加卸载响应比理论若干问题的深入研究及其三维数值模拟

地震孕育过程的实质是震源区的损伤演化过程 ,这一演化过程是远离平衡态的不可逆过程。加卸载响应比理论从这一基本点出发 ,根据孕震区介质对加载和卸载的不同响应 ,提出了地震预测的新方法。本文对加卸载响应比方法理论和应用中的若干问题进行了较深入的研究 ,主要得到以下结论 :1 )从损伤力学的角度对加卸载响应比的力学机理进行理论阐述 ,通过加卸载响应比与损伤变量在宏观和细观上的密切联系 ,论证了加卸载响应比的物理实质是定量地刻划了非线性系统偏离稳态 (或逼近失稳 )的程度。而地震的孕育发生过程正是孕震系统的损伤演化直至失稳…