关于中国元古宙地质年代划分几个问题的讨论

本文简略回顾了我国元古宙划分的进展和问题,在我国地质文献中,元古宙通常以２．５Ｇａ,１．８Ｇａ,１．０Ｇａ和０．５７Ｇａ为年代界线划分为在早,中和晚元古代。本文建议以古,中和新元古代代替早,中和晚元古代的命名,古元古代介于２．５Ｇａ至１．８Ｇａ之间,可包含三个纪,内部年代界线置于２．３Ｇａ和２．０５Ｇａ,文中对三个纪的名称和代表悸地层单元提高明确的建议,中元古代通常包含长城纪和蓟县纪,纪的界线置于     

沉积物微量元素示踪地壳成分和环境及其演化的最新进展：Condie模式…

各时期初生上地壳平均化学成分是根据化学分析、地质图、地层剖面和同位素年龄估算的。太古宙上地壳的深成岩／表壳岩比值较高，在一定程度上反映了２．５Ｇａ前的一种不同模式的地壳形成作用。后太古宙绿岩序列的长英质火山岩和杂砂岩增加，太古宙一元古宙（Ａｒ／Ｐｔ）界线处科马提岩的含量几乎降到零，而显生宙的安山岩含量增加。与古太古代相比，新太古代及后太古宙的上地壳亏损Ｍｇ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ及Ｃｏ，且后太古宙上地壳富集Ｌ     

中国前寒武系的划分

前寒武系在中国广泛分布。前寒武纪可划分为太古宙和元古宙两个时间单元,时间界线置于2500百万年。 据地质和同位素年龄资料,太古宙可两分,以2800百万年作为早—中太古代和晚太古代的时间界线。元古宙分为早、中和晚三代。以1900百万年和1000百万年分别作为元古宙内部划分的时间界线。寒武纪和前寒武纪的界线年龄推测为610百万年。     

华南火成岩中捕获锆石的早元古代－太古宙U－Pb年龄信息

本文以火成岩中捕获锆石为测年对象，用单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ稀释法，对华南地区扬子地块南部和华夏地块进行了比较广泛系统的取样和测年工作。测年结果表明，华南地区火成岩中普遍存在早元古代－太古宙的捕获锆石，最大年龄达３．１Ｇａ，表明华南地壳深部在较大范围内存在早元古代－太古宙的地壳再循环物质，华南大陆地壳可能最初形成于３．１Ｇａ之前。根据捕获锆石年龄信息，华南早元古代之前大陆地壳生长集中于～３．１Ｇａ，～２．７Ｇａ，～２．５Ｇａ，～２．２Ｇａ和１．８－２．１Ｇａ几个时期。     

中国太古宙

根据最近10多年来中国太古宙岩石同位素地质年代学新数据和中国太古宙岩石三个主要分布地区冀东、辽东和吉林南部、太行山-五台山的时间-地层图及其对比情况,认为尚无足够的证据支持中国太古宙四分,三分方案更适合于中国太古宙的情况：约2．9Ga可以作为晚、中太古代的界线,而3.5Ga作为中、早太古代界线尚不很明晰。     

北京地区太古宙岩石同位素年龄及其意义

北京地区太古宙大漕－沙厂表壳岩系的麻粒岩相区域变质作用年龄,苇子峪ＴＴＧ（Ａ）－Ｍ－Ｍｅ杂岩中表壳岩系的高角闪岩相区域变质作用年龄,以及两个单元中的早期ＴＴＧ质岩成岩年龄均为２６５０Ｍａ左右,推测表岩成岩时人代为中太古代晚期,四合堂表壳岩系的低角闪岩相区域变质作用年龄和该单元内太古宙ＴＴＧ质岩的成岩时代约为２５３９Ｍａ至２５８０．７Ｍａ推测表壳岩系成岩时国新太古代早期（２６５０～２８００Ｍａ）阳坡     

河南省嵩山地区登封群研究的新进展

经重新研究,将原登封群分为３套岩石序列：（１）新太古代构造地层单位登封岩群,为变质表壳岩系,代表绿岩建造;（２）新太古代构造岩石单位,为变质侵入岩系;（３）古元古代侵入岩系。它们共同构成嵩山花岗岩—绿岩地体。新太古代岩石经历了嵩阳运动第一幕（约２．５Ｇａ）、第二幕（约２．２Ｇａ）和中岳运动（约１．９Ｇａ）３个重要变质变形期,据此建立的ｐ—Ｔ—ｔ—Ｄ轨迹显示花岗岩—绿岩地体变质变形与陆壳碰撞隆升过程有密切关系     

中国太古宙陆壳演化阶段的划分

太古宙陆壳演化具有阶段性和旋回性,每一个演化阶段都有其特定的地质构造背景,期间的火山沉积作用、变质变形作用和岩浆事件的发生和发展具有规律性。国际地科联前寒武纪地层分会１９９１年曾提出太古宙四分方案：即始太古代、古太古代、中太古代和新太古代,其年龄范围...     

1，5－二（2－羟基－5－磺基苯基）－3－氰基甲■分光光度法测定煤矸石中微量镓

常温下在ｐＨ４的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲体系中，Ｇａ与１，５－二（２－羟基－５－磺基苯基）－３－氰基甲　（ＤＳＰＣＦ）形成稳定的蓝色配合物。该配合物在波长６３０ｎｍ处有最大吸收，其表观摩尔吸光系数为３．８×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣－１·ｃｍ￣－１，配合比为ｎ（Ｇａ）：ｎ（ＤＳＰＣＦ）＝１：２，显色反应在２０ｍｉｎ内完成，稳定时间至少２４ｈ，Ｇａ量在０～１．８ｍｇ／Ｌ时遵守比尔定律。采用ＴＢＰ萃淋树脂分离干扰元素后可实现煤矸石中Ｇａ的测定。     

华北地台前寒武纪变质基底的Sm－Nd同位素地质信息

华北前寒武纪变质基底的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素资料，主要来自冀东、辽东、内蒙古中部，五台－太行、河南和鲁西等地早前寒武纪以基性岩为主的表壳岩和深成酸性侵入体，也有少量副变质岩的分析结果。已搜集的华北地台前寒武纪变质基底的３０４个Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ分析资料表明，除同位素年龄信息外，作为壳－幔演化示踪剂，给出了岩石圈早期演化的重要信息：除已由Ｕ－ｐｂ法证实的冀东曹庄、辽东鞍山有≥３．８Ｇａ的地壳残留外，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ资料还暗示吕粱和登封一带存在＞３．５Ｇａ的古老地壳。在华北地台上，除＞３．５Ｇａ的早期壳－幔分离事件外，３．２～３．６Ｇａ，２．６～３．０Ｇａ和２．０～２．２Ｇａ分别为三次造壳的高峰时间。来自华北不同地区的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ资料还表明，在３．０Ｇａ以前即存在一个规模较大的古老地壳，加之晚太古的造壳规模，太古宙地壳规模之宏大已与现代地壳相近似。除壳－幔分离的造壳事件外，华北地台早前寒武纪地壳活化再造十分强烈。活化再造形成的酸性侵入体的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素资料显示Ｔ＿（ＤＭ）＝２．６～２．８Ｇａ是活化再造的最高峰时期。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861