阿拉善腾格里沙漠地质公园旅游资源及其综合评价

阿拉善沙漠地质公园腾格里园区以分布广泛的沙漠湖泊、戈壁奇石、风蚀地貌为主体景观特色,结合景区内美丽富饶的自然景观资源,挖掘绚丽多彩的民族文化和历史文化遗存,可以带动当地旅游业的发展,进而促进当地经济的发展。结合前人的分类体系对其旅游资源进行分类,并进行了旅游资源综合定量评价,分析了评价结果,提出了腾格里园区旅游深度开发设想。其结果是：腾格里园区旅游开发应以保护地质遗迹景观资源及其他自然、人文景观为旅游开发目标;以开发沙漠探险、观光游览、休闲度假为主,再结合吉兰泰盐湖工业游、敖伦布拉格峡谷群科普游、考古游、民族风情游、宗教旅游等,充分利用其良好的区位优势和交通条件,打造出腾格里园区独具特色的旅游资源品牌。     

我国旅游区规划建设若干问题研究

概述我国近几年旅游景区建设的成绩和存在问题，结合笔者旅游规划工作的体会，提出风景旅游区是旅游的核心，以及风景旅游区总体规划的结构图式等新见解。讨论人造游乐景观在旅游资源开发系统中的地位和作用。同时指出我国旅游产品开发的规划建设，可根据区位—资源—游客市场定位的研究，按照“资源型”、“客源型”、“资源—客源混合型”进行决策。     

我国旅游区规划建设若干问题研究

概述我国近几年旅游景区建设的成绩和存在问题，结合笔者旅游规划工作的体会，提出风景讴是旅游的核心，以及风景旅游区总体规划的结构图式等新见解，讨论人造游乐景观在旅游资源开发系统中的地位和作用。同时指出我国旅游产品开发的规划建设，可根据区位－资源－旅游客市场定位的研究，按照“资源型”，“客源型”、“资源－客源混合型”进行决策。     

大金湖世界地质公园旅游产品设计与开发

从分析大金湖世界地质公园旅游产品设计开发的基础和条件入手,以适度利用地质遗迹景观,深度挖掘地方特色文化旅游资源,适应多元化旅游市场需求为目标,开发核心旅游产品,并对旅游产品保障要素进行了剖释.     

广西大化七百弄国家地质公园地质遗迹资源评价及地学意义

国内岩溶地质公园多以石林、峡谷、溶洞等景观为主,而以高峰丛深洼地地质遗迹为主要特色的地质公园较为罕见。广西大化七百弄国家地质公园是以高峰丛深洼地景观为主导的岩溶地质公园。本文以七百弄国家地质公园的地质遗迹资源为基础,将地质遗迹资源划分为地貌景观大类、地质剖面大类、地质构造大类、水体景观大类、古生物大类及环境地质遗迹大类6大类、12亚类等不同的地质遗迹类型,并且对主要地质遗迹资源特征进行分析。通过地质遗迹资源的对比分析和定量研究,对主要地质遗迹资源进行评价。在此基础上,探讨七百弄国家地质公园地质遗迹资源的地学意义。研究结果表明:高峰丛深洼地、甘房弄超深洼地、地苏地下暗河地质遗迹资源为世界级地质遗迹资源;弄瑶、弄朝等深洼地为国家级地质遗迹资源,并且该地质遗迹资源具有重要的旅游开发价值和科研价值。地质公园内的地质遗迹资源,即地质遗迹资源在岩溶地貌学、地质构造学、水文地质学、地史环境演化等方面具有重要的地学意义。本文的研究结果为七百弄国家地质公园地质遗迹资源利用及保护提供理论基础。     

西北五省区国内旅游客源市场演化结构分析研究

运用旅游客源市场评价指标体系,从时间、空间方面统计了大量相关数据,重点调查分析了西北五省区国内客源市场的定位和消费潜力,运用EXCEL软件统计、文献分析等方法,定量计算了1999—2009年11年间西北五省区国内旅游客源市场概况、旅游产业竞争力、年度变动指数、旅游区位熵、客源市场行为特征等评价指标;建议通过合理定位西北五省区国内客源市场,针对性地开发西北五省区旅游资源,选择合理的客源市场目标层,实施分级开发,并提出开拓西北五省区国内旅游客源市场的实践措施。     

天山1号冰川旅游资源可持续利用初探

文章在分析1号冰川旅游资源禀赋，客源市场特征和发展旅游业优，劣势的基础上，着重考虑旅游基础设施建设，旅游活动以及其它生产，生活行为可能对冰川地的自然环境，生态环境，景观美学质量等产生的负面效应，并进行相应的旅游环境影响评价，由此提出1号冰川旅游资源可持续利用策略。     

基于IGJAHP的旅游客源市场空间结构分析

引入模糊区间层次分析法(IGJAHP),从客源地社会经济发展状况、旅游者行为、客源地与旅游地相互作用3方面选取评价指标,构建客源市场多因子计量分析模型;以鄢陵花卉苗木科技园旅游客源市场为实证,划分核心客源市场、基本客源市场和机会客源市场,提出旅游市场开拓的方向;通过与距离衰减规律和主成分划分方案的对比分析显示,客源市场模糊区间层次分析法综合评价模型满足多因子、人工决策、非均质、竞争等条件,适用于中小尺度客源市场空间结构分析,但在选取评价指标和构建判断矩阵方面对研究人员的综合能力要求较高.     

大金湖世界地质公园旅游产品设计与开发

从分析大金湖世界地质公园旅游产品设计开发的基础和条件入手，以适度利用地质遗迹景观，深度挖掘地方特色文化旅游资源，适应多元化旅游市场需求为目标，开发核心旅游产品，并对旅游产品保障要素进行了剖释。     

李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场分析与容量测算

文章在通过对辽宁省大连市李官海滩的客源市场进行实地调查的基础上,结合引力模型,还考虑到影响李官海滩旅游市场开发的的因素,运用比例缩小法和类比法分析李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场结构,并根据李官现有的旅游环境和设施接待能力,综合分析李官海滩旅游开发的客源容量。对比分析李官客源地的居民生活水平,以距离衰减规律为依据,预测出客源市场规模,并将客源市场进行分级分类。     

赛里木湖区风景名胜资源调查评价

本文对赛里木湖风景区开展了系统深入的野外考察研究，表明该区风景名胜资源别具异彩，不愧为“西来之异境”世外之灵壤”。     

艾比湖原核微生物菌群结构演变与环境因子关系分析

用非培养法获得新疆维吾尔自治区艾比湖湖底沉积物原核微生物菌群组成,并与已有盐湖原核微生物菌群数据进行比对,分析湖泊由淡水湖向盐湖演替过程中原核微生物群落结构变化规律。实验获得艾比湖原核微生物16S rRNA基因序列,并从NCBI数据库下载赛里木湖、柴窝堡湖和顿巴斯他乌盐湖3个湖泊的非培养原核微生物16S rRNA基因序列数据。用不同盐湖细菌和古菌16S rRNA序列信息构建系统发育树并与其理化指标进行典型性相关分析。同源比对及聚类结果显示,艾比湖湖底沉积物中细菌包括4个门,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占克隆文库的64%,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占9.4%,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占3.4%,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)占2.6%,此外含有未分类类群20.6%。古菌含有两个门,广古菌门(Euryarchaeota,98.3%)和盐纳古菌门(Nanohaloarchaeota,1.7%)。不同盐湖系统发育树结果显示,随盐度增加,盐湖细菌从变形菌门向拟杆菌门演替;古菌从奇古菌门和泉古菌门向广古菌门和盐纳古菌门演替。RDA结果显示,Na⁺、Cl-、SO₄2-和矿化度对盐湖原核微生物多样性结构起到决定性的作用,K⁺、Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺对艾比湖菌群结构影响作用最为显著。原核微生物群落会随着湖水盐浓度的增加和盐湖化学成分的不同而发生演替。     

2000—2019年新疆大型湖泊湖冰物候时空变化特征

湖冰物候变化特征是全球气候变化过程的重要指示器。通过长时间序列MODIS数据、Landsat数据提取的湖泊数据集,综合分析了2000—2019年新疆大型湖泊湖冰物候的变化特征。结果表明：（1） 近20 a新疆大型湖泊的开始冻结日呈现提前和推迟2种变化趋势,开始冻结日呈现推迟趋势的湖泊分别为博斯腾湖、赛里木湖、艾比湖、吉力湖、乌伦古湖、萨利吉勒干南库勒湖和鲸鱼湖,且大部分湖泊的开始冻结日推迟趋势在0.51~1.53 d·a^-1之间;开始冻结日呈现提前趋势的湖泊有3个,分别为阿牙克库木湖（变化趋势为-1.04 d·a^-1）、阿克赛钦湖（变化趋势为-0.41 d·a^-1）、阿其克库勒湖（-0.31 d·a^-1）。（2） 湖冰完全覆盖期是重要的湖冰参数,湖冰覆盖期的延长或者缩短能够直接表示区域气候变化过程,新疆大部分湖泊湖冰覆盖期表现为缩短趋势,其中分布在新疆中北部的艾比湖、吉力湖和博斯腾湖等湖泊的湖冰覆盖期缩短较为明显,变化趋势分别为-1.76 d·a^-1、-2.13 d·a^-1和-0.81 d·a^-1;冰完全覆盖期延长的湖泊有3个,分别为阿牙克库木湖、阿其克库勒湖和鲸鱼湖,变化趋势分别为3.51 d·a^-1、1.54 d·a^-1和1.37 d·a^-1,这些湖泊均匀分布在昆仑山高原北翼。（3） 新疆大型湖泊湖冰物候变化特征是受其自身条件（湖泊形态因子、湖泊面积等）及气候变化（气温、降水量等）等多种因素共同作用的结果。本研究探讨了气候变化环境下的新疆大型湖泊湖冰物候的冻融趋势及其变化模式,同时应用不同遥感数据和研究方法识别了湖冰,证实了MODIS数据反演湖冰物候的可行性。     

Risk Assessment and Disaster Management for Natural and Anthropogenically Induced Geologic Hazards: Application to the Preolkhon Region,Western Lake Baikal,Siberia, Russia

In the Western Lake Baikal, recent Baikal Rift's tectonics control the topography, seismicity, climate, geomorphology, and economy. Scarps, facets, structural terraces, horsts and grabens, and trapezoid valleys can be clearly observed. They have been generated by the recent tectonic movements along the faults and represent a serious geologic hazard. The specific geological conditions predetermine a unique variety of landscapes. Thus, the main type of the economy is tourism. However, unorganized tourism leads to the degradation of the unique landscapes. It increases risk and requires disaster management. Three criteria has been used for risk assessment: (1) degree of geologic hazard; (2) degree of landscape degradation; and (3) degree of the economy's vitality. The high ecological significance and low stability to antropogeneous pressure are typical for landscapes of the Western Lake Baikal. Thus, some special activities of disaster management should be implemented based on our investigation.     

Improved mappint of the Lake Agassiz Herman strandline by integrating geological and soil maps

Several discontinuous, segmented strandlines that mark the former shores of Lake Agassiz can be found in eastern North Dakota. These strandlines are difficult to map and correlate because of their segmented nature. Better mapping would benefit researchers working on a number of problems involving Lake Agassiz including dating the strandlines, reconstructing the lake's history, and calculation of asthenosphere viscosity beneath the Lake Agassiz basin. Elongated soil delineations representing beach-indicative soils with a north-northwest trend and extending from currently mapped areas of the Herman strandline were identified on Grand Forks County soil maps. This information was combined with the geologic map of Grand Forks County in an attempt to better define the location of the Herman strandline in the southern part of the county. This approach worked well, and it is recommended that similar studies be attempted on other Lake Agassiz strandlines in North Dakota and the surrounding area.     

新疆主要湖泊、水库的水质综合特征评价模式及营养状态分析

湖泊、水库水质恶化和富营养化已成为近年来较突出的环境问题。根据实测资料,采用水质综合评价模式对新疆主要湖泊、水库水质现状给出以《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）为依据的水质综合特征模式。该模式给出的信息量大,表达直观,不仅能给出各水质参数的水质类别,确定水域类别依据的参数,还能给出超Ⅴ类水质参数的超标倍数。对湖泊、水库的营养状态做出评价,对于近一步研究湖、库水环境演变有着重要意义。     

伊犁地区旅游资源开发构想

伊犁地区列入旅游资源的景点１３４个,其中一、二级景点共３８个。生物景观类和古迹与建筑类在一、二组景点中所占比生最大。以资源为基顾,以现有及预测客源市场为导向,拟议分期开发果子沟－－赛里木湖高山湖泊、森林、草原区,那拉提草原区,霍尔果斯口岩观光、购物区,唐布拉温泉疗养、草原度假区等八个旅游区。     

Sources of Sediment in Lake Pepin on the Upper Mississippi River in Response to Holocene Climatic Changes

Sediments from Lake Pepin on the Mississippi River, southeastern Minnesota, are used as provenance tracers to assess variations in hydrology and sediment-transport during the middle Holocene. Three rivers contribute sediment to Lake Pepin, and each catchment is characterized by a distinctly different geologic terrain. The geochemical fingerprint for each drainage basin was determined from the elemental composition of heavy minerals in the silt-sized fraction of modern sediment samples. Down-core elemental abundances were compared with these fingerprints by use of a chemical-mass-balance model that apportions sediment to the source areas. We observed a decreased contribution from the Minnesota River during the interval ~6700–5500 ¹⁴C yr BP, which we attribute to decreased discharge of the Minnesota River, likely controlled by a combination of precipitation, snow melt, and groundwater input to the river. This hydrologic condition coincides with the mid-Holocene prairie period recorded by fossil pollen data. The occurrence of this feature in a proxy record for hydrologic variations supports the hypothesis that the mid-Holocene prairie period reflects drier conditions than before or after in midwestern North America.     

Formation and early history of Lakes Pepin and St. Croix of the upper Mississippi River

Study of Lake Pepin and Lake St. Croix began more than a century ago, but new information has permitted a closer look at the geologic history of these two riverine lakes located on the upper Mississippi River system. Drainages from large proglacial lakes Agassiz and Duluth at the end of the last glaciation helped shape the current valleys. As high-discharge outlet waters receded, tributary streams deposited fans of sediment in the incised river valleys. These tributary fans dammed the main river, forming riverine lakes. Lake Pepin was previously thought to be a single long continuous lake, extending for 80 km from its dam at the Chippewa River fan all the way up to St. Paul, with an arm extending up the St. Croix valley. Recent borings taken at bridge and dam locations show more than a single section of lake sediments, indicating a more complex history. The Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers did not always follow their current paths. Valleys cut into bedrock but now buried by glacial sediment indicate former river courses, with the most recent of these from the last interglacial period marked at the surface by chains of lakes. The morphology of the Mississippi valley bottom, and thus the morphology of Lake Pepin as it filled the valley, is reflect in part by the existence of these old valleys but also by the presence of glacial outwash terraces and the alluvial fans of tributary streams. A sediment core taken in Lake Pepin near Lake City had a piece of wood in gravels just below lake sediments that dated to 10.3 ka cal. BP, indicating that the lake formed as the Chippewa River fan grew shortly after the floodwaters of Lakes Agassiz and Duluth receded. Data from new borings indicate small lakes were dammed behind several tributary fans in the Mississippi River valley between the modern Lake Pepin and St. Paul. One tributary lake, here called Early Lake Vermillion, may have hydraulically dammed the St. Croix River, creating an incipient Lake St. Croix. The tributary fans from the Vermillion River, the Cannon River, and the Chippewa River all served to segment the main river valley into a series of riverine lakes. Later the growth of the Chippewa fan surpassed that of the Vermillion and Cannon fans to create a single large lake, here called late Lake Pepin, which extended upstream to St. Paul. Sediment cores taken from Lake Pepin did not have significant organic matter to develop a chronology from radiocarbon dating. Rather, magnetic features were matched with those from a Lake St. Croix core, which did have a known radiocarbon chronology. The Pepin delta migration rate was then estimated by projecting the elevations of the top of the buried lake sediments to the dated Lake Pepin core, using an estimated slope of 10 cm/km, the current slope of Lake Pepin sediment surface. By these approximations, the Lake Pepin delta prograded past Hastings 6.0 ka cal BP and Red Wing 1.4 ka cal BP. This is one of eight papers dedicated to the “Recent Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi River” published in this special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology. D. R. Engstrom served as guest editor of the special issue.     

清末以来洞庭湖区通江湖泊的时空演变

本文利用清光绪22年以来17个时段的多种历史地图和航天航空遥感数据,采用遥感解译、数据统计分析与历史对比方法,分析清末以来洞庭湖区通江湖泊面积的时序变化,探究空间演变特征。结合水利部门发布的典型年份监测数据,检验了遥感获取的湖泊面积精度,误差仅为0.62%。结果显示：洞庭湖通江湖泊面积从1896年的5216.37 km²减少到2019年的2702.74 km²,萎缩率为48.19%。1949年前的53年为明显萎缩期,年均萎缩15.66 km²;20世纪50年代为陡崖式萎缩期,年均萎缩139.05 km²;20世纪60—70年代为快速萎缩期,年均萎缩21.66 km²;1980年以来为基本稳定期,年均萎缩0.13 km²,面积仅减少了5.10 km²。就具体湖泊而言,东洞庭湖是各通江湖泊中面积萎缩最大的湖泊,减幅为922.60 km²;其次是目平湖,减幅为588.05 km²;再次是南洞庭湖,减幅为448.37 km²;七里湖的面积变化很小,但经历了先扩张后萎缩的过程。1998—2002年实施“退田还湖”工程,洞庭湖面积增加了10.50 km²。总体而言,清末以来洞庭湖区通江湖泊的演变主要表现为大通湖的封闭析出、整修南洞庭湖的湖垸置换与南迁、围垦西洞庭湖的局部残存、东洞庭湖的三面合围以及1998年特大洪灾后有限的“退田还湖”。本文为长江流域生态修复和环境保护战略提供了客观资料和技术支撑。