体波谱振幅相关系数法在肥东地震序列震后判定中的应用

地震直达体波记录的观测谱包含震源、传播路径和台站信息,而发生在同一震源区的不同地震,如:序列地震,在同一地震台站的记录,受传播路径影响基本相同,地震台站的场地响应、仪器响应也完全相同。因此,序列地震体波观测零频谱的相关系数直接反映震源辐射图型因子的相似性,即震源机制解的相似性。将该方法用于2009年安徽肥东地震序列,与传统方法计算的震源机制解作比较,结果显示,谱振幅相关系数法能反映序列地震震源机制解的变化过程。     

2011年缅甸7.2级地震及震后云南强震趋势分析

系统收集了缅甸7.2级地震前后地震学基础资料,对缅甸地震地震地质、震源机制、烈度分布、发震构造、区域应力场、震源参数、地震灾害及地震序列时空分布进行详细分析,尤其对人们较为关切的缅甸地震后云南的强震形势进行了详细分析讨论,得到的认识对今后地震预测预报工作具有较大现实意义.     

永清MS4.3地震和廊坊MS3.0地震的发震构造研究

基于首都圈数字地震台网的宽频带资料,首先采用CAP方法确定了永清M_S4.3地震和廊坊M_S3.0地震的震源机制解:永清地震节面Ⅰ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为52°,62°和?140°,节面Ⅱ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为300°,55°和?35°;廊坊地震节面I的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为48°,57°和?147°,节面Ⅱ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为299°,63°和?38°。两次地震的震源机制解较为一致,推测它们可能具有相同的发震断层。利用近震转换波获得两次地震的震源深度,分别为19 km和13 km。利用双差法对两次地震的主余震进行重新定位,结果显示:两个地震序列的震中均呈NE向分布,余震震源深度均浅于主震震源深度,震源深度分别集中在17—20 km和12—13 km范围内,两个序列的短轴剖面揭示了震源分布均呈现倾向SE,倾角陡立的特点。将地震序列的分布与震源机制解的结果进行对比,认为两个序列的水平展布方向与其对应的主震震源机制解中节面Ⅰ的走向比较接近,深度分布的高倾角特征也与节面Ⅰ比较相似,因此认为发震断层面均为节面Ⅰ。通过将震源机制解中节面Ⅰ的参数和地震序列的分布与区域活动断层的产状性质进行比较,取得了一些关于发震构造和地震成因的重要认识:① 永清M_S4.3地震和廊坊M_S3.0地震的发震构造不是上地壳的先存正断裂?河西务断裂,不排除与中下地壳的新生构造或深大断裂有关;② 永清、廊坊地震发生在13—19 km深度上,结合地壳结构、断裂构造以及区域流变结构等资料,推测该深度范围可能是廊固凹陷的壳内脆性?韧性转换区域,是地震孕育和发生的有利构造部位。      

2008年盈江地震序列的震源参数和震源机制相关系数研究

基于云南数字地震台网记录的2008年盈江地震序列的数字波形资料, 采用波谱分析方法和Brune震源模型, 得到盈江地震序列的震源参数。 利用两次地震事件的相同台站的震源谱参数(零频振幅)计算谱振幅相关系数, 据此对地震的震源机制进行聚类分组, 并收集和对比地震序列已知的震源机制解结果, 发现每组内震源机制解P轴的相关性较好, 且相关系数越大, P轴的方位角就越接近。 将盈江地区划分为三个研究区, 联合震源参数的应力降和聚类分组中每组的平均震源机制解结果研究地震序列发生过程中应力的释放水平和应力场方向变化特征。 结果表明: 不同阶段震源机制解类型的变化和转化特征一定程度上反映了孕震过程中区域应力场随时间的变化特征, 并且地震震源机制解类型在时间段上的集中并向区域构造应力场方向转换的现象可能是发生强震的标志。 震源机制解分组类型和对应类型的地震的应力降有一定依赖关系, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场接近的地震应力降高, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场差距较大的地震应力降普遍较低。     

RELOCATION OF THE 23 NOVEMBER 2017 WULONG MS5.0 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS SEISMOGENIC FAULT

The Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake on 23 November 2017, located in the Wolong sap between Wenfu, Furong and Mawu faults, is the biggest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the southeastern Chongqing. It occurred unexpectedly in a weak earthquake background with no knowledge of dramatically active faults. The complete earthquake sequences offered a significant source information example for focal mechanism solution, seismotectonics and seismogenic mechanism, which is helpful for the estimation of potential seismic sources and level of the future seismic risk in the region. In this study, we firstly calculated the focal mechanism solutions of the main shock using CAP waveform inversion method and then relocated the main shock and aftershocks by the method of double-difference algorithm. Secondly, we determined the seismogenic fault responsible for the M_S5.0 Wulong earthquake based on these calculated results. Finally, we explored the seismogenic mechanism of the Wulong earthquake and future potential seismic risk level of the region. The results show the parameters of the focal mechanism solution, which are:strike24°, dip 16°, and rake -108° for the nodal plane Ⅰ, and strike223°, dip 75°, and rake -85° for the nodal plane Ⅱ. The calculations are supported by the results of different agencies and other methods. Additionally, the relocated results show that the Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake sequence is within a rectangular strip with 4.7km in length and 2.4km in width, which is approximately consistent with the scales by empirical relationship of Wells and Coppersmith(1994). Most of the relocated aftershocks are distributed in the southwest of the mainshock. The NW-SE cross sections show that the predominant focal depth is 5~8km. The earthquake sequences suggest the occurrence features of the fault that dips northwest with dip angle of 63° by the least square method, which is largely consistent with nodal planeⅡof the focal mechanism solution. Coincidentally, the field outcrop survey results show that the Wenfu Fault is a normal fault striking southwest and dipping 60°~73° by previous studies. According to the above data, we infer that the Wenfu Fault is the seismogenic structure responsible for Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake. We also propose two preliminary genetic mechanisms of "local stress adjustment" and "fluid activation effect". The "local stress adjustment" model is that several strong earthquakes in Sichuan, such as M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, M7.0 Luzhou earthquake and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, have changed the stress regime of the eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin by stress transference. Within the changed stress regime, a minor local stress adjustment has the possibility of making a notable earthquake event. In contract, the "fluid activation effect" model is mainly supported by the three evidences as follows:1)the maximum principle stress axial azimuth is against the regional stress field, which reflects NWW-SEE direction thrusting type; 2)the Wujiang River crosscuts the pre-existing Wenfu normal fault and offers the fluid source; and 3)fractures along the Wenfu Fault formed by karst dissolution offer the important fluid flow channels.     

山东地区水化学短临跟踪标志体系的研究

在系统整理山东地区水化学观测资料的基础上,对山东菏泽５．９级地震、苍山５．２级地震及大同６．１级地城才南黄海５．３级地震前的地震异常特征了分析和总结,认为水化学多组分的同步异常变化,反映了震源应力场孕育过程,具有统一的物理力学机制,是震前源兆异常的重要标志。这异常基本同步出现,相互印证,增强了异常的可信度,为短临异常的判定提供了较为充分的依据。某一井孔水化学多组分出现同步异常变化,预示位于井孔同     

2018年5月6日称多5.3级地震序列重定位及发震构造分析

采用双差定位法对2018年5月6日称多5.3级地震及其余震序列进行重新定位,至2018年7月15日共获取129个地震的重新定位结果。结果显示,称多5.3级地震序列主要呈NWW或NNW向分布,其中长轴沿NWW向展布,长约11 km,震源深度主要分布在6-12 km范围内,优势分布为8-11 km。此次地震的震源机制解为走滑型,最佳波形拟合深度为10.1 km。结合精定位、震源机制等综合分析,认为主破裂面走向呈NNW向,发震构造应为巴颜喀拉山主峰断裂。     

2013年三台MS4.7地震震源机制及发震构造研究

2013年2月19日四川省绵阳市三台县发生MS4.7地震,震中位于四川盆地中部基底断裂绵阳—三台—大足断裂与蒲江—三台—巴中断裂的交会区域.基于地震目录、震相报告和波形等资料,对地震序列进行重定位,采用近远震联合波形反演求解主震震源机制,结合野外地质调查对该地震的发震构造进行分析.余震序列重定位的空间展布方向为NW-S...     

STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN

On October 17, 2014, a M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M_S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M_L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature.     

2020年2月3日四川青白江5.1级地震总结

针对2020年2月3日四川青白江5.1级地震发生前的地震活动和地球物理观测异常、构造背景、震源物理参数,以及地震序列特征等进行系统总结。结果表明,青白江5.1级地震发生前存在小震调制比高值、地磁低点位移、重力固体潮高噪声等中短期异常;地震序列活动特征显示,此次地震为一次孤立型地震序列,序列参数计算结果与当前余震活动水平基本相符。另外,青白江地震发生在龙泉山断裂带上,震源机制计算结果显示为一次逆冲型破裂事件,与龙泉山断裂构造性质一致。同时,此次地震发生在四川盆地的少震弱震区,对于川滇及川滇藏交界地区后续7级以上地震的发生具有一定预测意义。     

伽师序列中小地震震源机制分析

采用点源位错模型,层状介质速度结构,通过计算理论地震图,与观测的地震垂直向记录的直达P、S波最大振幅拟合,反演震源机制的方法。系统查阅了万余张地震记录图件,得到可信的小地震震源机制共计554个。有震源机制的地震完全覆盖了序列的震区范围,时间上也分布于序列的各个阶段,因此认为这些小地震对于地震序列具有一定的代表性。计算2个震源机制的2个P轴在三维空间中的夹角和2个T轴之间的夹角,再以2个夹角之和作为距离,采用系统聚类的方法对大量地震震源机制解进行分类。取和主体破裂方向(NE)一致的两类正断层地震,求其占全部类型的地震数目的比例,用来刻画应力场的变动情况。对照伽师序列的6级强震,两类正断层地震出现3次显著的增加。3组强震都在其后发生,这就给出了确切的前兆信息。小地震震源机制显示出的变化,表明它们对于强震孕育发生非常灵敏。文章最后提出伽师强震序列的块体旋转成因模型。     

2017年8月9日精河MS6.6地震余震序列精定位及发震构造分析

为确定2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震的发震构造,本文使用双差定位方法对发震时刻至2017年10月震源区所发生的余震进行了精定位,同时利用CAP波形反演方法,得到了主震的震源机制解,同时使用GPAT方法反演得到了部分余震的震源机制解,并基于两者对本次地震的发震构造予以分析。结果显示:精定位后主震位于（44.27°N,82.85°E）,震源深度为17 km;主震最佳双力偶解对应的节面Ⅰ的走向为260°、倾角为51°、滑动角为84°,节面Ⅱ的走向为89.5°、倾角为39.4°、滑动角为97.4°;余震序列位于主震东侧,并向东展布约30 km,在3—18 km深度范围内均有分布,其优势方向为近EW向,次优势方向为SW向。结果表明,本次地震是一次逆冲型地震,通过反演得到的大量小震震源机制解的结果与主震震源机制解结果相一致。结合余震震中分布、主震及余震的震源机制解以及震源区的地质构造,本文推断近EW走向具有逆冲性质的库松木楔克山前断裂为精河主震的发震构造。      

Japan Tohoku March 11, 2011 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis> = 9.0) earthquake source structure,its macroseismic,seismological, and geodynamic manifestations

Earthquake source parameters, seismological, geological, geophysical, geodetic, and macroseismic data are reported for the source zone of the Tohoku earthquake (M = 9) that occurred on March 11, 2011 near the eastern coast of Honshu Island. The seismotectonic position of the seismic source situated in the western Pacific active margin, distribution of epicenters and hypocenters of the main shock, foreshocks and aftershocks, features of the focal mechanism solutions, and directions of the horizontal and vertical offsets of the Island surface were studied to focus attention on the nature of deformation in the Honshu Region. The obtained data make it possible to establish intraplate and interplate components in the complex source of the earthquake. Relationships between seismic and geodetic manifestations were investigated. The Tohoku earthquake was suggested to be a great lithospheric structure.     

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE

Based on the phase report of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence M_L ≥ 1.0 was relocated by the HypoDD method. The results show that the aftershocks were distributed along NE and NW direction. The aftershocks were in the depths of 5~15km. In addition, by using the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the best double-couple focal mechanism of the main shock and some aftershocks of M_S ≥ 3.8 were determined by the CAP method. Based on the above studies, the source depth, focal mechanism and aftershock distribution of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake were analyzed and the seismogenic structure was discussed. The nodal plane parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanism are strike 144°, dip 26°, rake 118°, and strike 293°, dip 67°, rake 77°, respectively. The moment magnitude M_W is about 5.9, with centroid depth of 15.2km. These show that the main shock was a thrust type. Most focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks were shown as a thrust type, which are similar to the main shock. It is speculated that the possible seismogenic fault of this earthquake is the Huorgosi-Manas-Tugulu Fault.     

2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震特征

分析2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震序列特征,利用P波初动及振幅比和波形反演CAP两种方法计算震源机制解,结合本次地震的地质构造和历史地震活动背景、震源机制、余震分布、极震区长轴方向等分析,结果表明,隐伏的西辛封断裂为发震构造的可能性较大.     

场,源前兆的判别—λ型在地震预报中的应用前景

面对复杂的前兆场,进行场、源区分,确定未来大震位置,一直是地震预报中的难点之一。文献[1]首先提出统计物理学中描述系统演化的序参量的整个历程图λ型与大震由孕震、发震和震后的前兆后效过程曲线相类似。λ型的尖锋处相应于临界点或大震发生,尖锋前为对数曲线,尖锋后为急剧下降。根据模拟实验大震震例,进一步研究了λ型与震中距的关系,证明了λ型只有在源区和近源区出现,源外区和远源区λ型将发生畸变,因而提出了λ型和非λ型是判断源、场区前兆的重要指标。最后对λ型产生的物理机制进行了初步讨论。     

基于密集台阵研究2019辽宁抚顺M2.4矿震震源参数

分析矿震破裂机制及微震的时空分布能够为矿区灾害评估提供更多的有效信息.本研究基于密集台阵观测对2019 年11 月12 日辽宁抚顺2.4 级矿震开展震源参数研究,震源机制解显示地震破裂包含明显的非双力偶分量,表现为体积压缩的塌陷机制,且震源深度较浅,最佳拟合矩心深度为0.6 km.同时,对 11 月3 日—25 日记录...     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列断层结构及震源区应力场特征

使用芦山地震序列2013年4月20日至5月20日一个月的地震震相数据和M_S4.0以上地震的波形数据, 通过双差定位方法得到了3398个地震的精定位结果, 利用时间域全波形反演方法得到17个地震的矩张量解。 综合分析地震双差定位结果和芦山地震序列中强地震震源机制解, 发现芦山地震发震构造由主震断层和次级反冲断层组成, 主震断层为一走向北东、 倾向北西、 倾角约为45°的高角度逆冲断层, 次级反冲断层与主震断层走向相同, 倾向相反, 两条断层均未出露地表。 主震和余震震源机制解均为逆冲型, 几乎没有走滑分量。 震源区主压应力方位为北西向, 与发震断层走向近乎垂直。     

Focal Mechanism and Focal Depth of the May 22, 2016 MS4.6 Earthquake in Chaoyang, Liaoning

An earthquake with M_S4.6 occurred at 17:08 p.m., May 22, 2016 in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. We used the P-wave first motion method, TDMT method, and CAP method to determine the focal mechanisms and the PTD method and sPn-Pn method to determine the focal depth. The focal mechanism results of the three methods are consistent. The depth results of the CAP method, PTD method and sPn-Pn method are close. We used the double difference location method to relocate earthquakes in 2009-2016, and obtained the strikes and dip angles of the small earthquake distributions with the help of simulated annealing algorithm and gauss Newton algorithm fitting. According to the focal mechanism results, the depth results, the characteristics of small earthquake distributions and the structural characteristics of the source area, the seismogenic fault strike is NEE and the main pressure force direction is NNW. The earthquake focal mechanism is for a normal fault type with a little left-lateral strike slip motion.     

2016年5月22日辽宁朝阳4.6级地震震源机制和震源深度研究

2016年5月22日17时08分,辽宁朝阳县发生M4.6地震。本文利用P波初动、TDMT、CAP等方法研究该地震的震源机制解,利用CAP、PTD、sPn-Pn等方法测定震源深度。结果表明,3种方法计算震源机制解所得结果一致,CAP、PTD、sPn-Pn等方法测定的深度结果接近。利用双差定位法对2009~2016年发生在震源区域的地震重新定位,结合模拟退火算法和高斯牛顿算法拟合得到小地震分布的走向和倾角。根据震源机制解、震源深度、小地震分布特征和震源区域的构造特征等判断,发震构造断裂走向为NEE,倾角接近垂直,主压应力方向为NNW向,震源机制为正断类型,并带有较小的左旋分量。