Dependence of Near-Surface Magnetic Susceptibility on Dust Accumulation Rate and Precipitation on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) of surface sediment varies systematically across the Loess Plateau in central China, decreasing exponentially from >200×10⁻⁸ m³/kg at the northern margin of the Qinling Shan to ≤30×10⁻⁸ m³/kg near the southern margin of the Mu Us Desert. MS correlates highly with loess median grain size (r²=0.79), which decreases south-southeastward across the plateau. It also correlates with mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) (r²=0.58 and 0.60, respectively), and with their product MAT×MAP (r²=0.83), which is considered a measure of potential pedogenic activity. Because regional isopleths depicting grain size and the primary meteorological parameters are nearly parallel, it is difficult to determine their relative influence on MS. A simple MS model, based on the observed spatial variation in loess thickness, permits quantitative assessment of the effect of the dust accumulation rate on the MS signal of surface sediment and isolates the likely role of climate in the production of magnetic minerals. The model suggests that 84% of the loess MS variance is dictated by the diluting effect of dust and 10–11% is associated with meteorological factors, primarily precipitation. The observed and modeled relationships support hypotheses that attribute variations in MS in the loess-paleosol succession to varying rates of dust deposition and in situ production of magnetic minerals in the accretionary soils, both of which are controlled by monsoon climate.     

新疆伊犁黄土磁化率增强机制差异性分析

本文对处于西风区的新疆伊犁昭苏黄土剖面进行了磁化率和粒度分析,初步探讨了伊犁黄土磁化率增强机制的差异性。研究表明,伊犁黄土虽然粘土含量较黄土高原黄土高,但细粒组分对磁化率的贡献非常有限,粗颗粒组分对磁化率贡献较大,说明磁性载体主要存于粗颗粒组分中。同时研究发现地形、沉积环境、源区矿物组分和气候等多种因素对磁化率产生不同程度的影响。伊犁黄土磁化率成因机制既具有阿拉斯加风速论模式的特点又叠加了黄土高原成壤作用的模式,即使在同一剖面的不同时段两种模式对磁化率增强的贡献也不同,伊犁黄土磁化率增强机制存在着时空差异性。     

Late Pleistocene Climatic Variations at Achenheim, France, Based on a Magnetic Susceptibility and TL Chronology of Loess

New field investigations of the Achenheim sequence (Alsace, France) allow for the characterization of variations in the low-field magnetic susceptibility over most of the last climatic cycle, i.e., the past 130,000 yr. New stratigraphic data and thermoluminescence measurements permit reassessment of the previous chronological interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene at Achenheim. A high-resolution analysis of magnetic susceptibility discloses the occurrence of a fine-grained “marker” horizon which was also found recently in another section. This horizon is interpreted as a small-scale dust layer deposited prior to the main interval of loess deposition. The horizon, deposited at the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5/4 boundary, has been found in other loess sequences and is especially prevalent in central Europe. It is characterized by low susceptibility values and a grayish color. New thermoluminescence dates indicate that the loess deposition took place after the MIS 5/4 boundary, i.e., after 70,000 yr. These results are consistent with the Greenland GRIP ice-core dust record which also demonstrates a dusty atmosphere after 72,000 yr ago. On a more regional scale, the Achenheim loess sequence demonstrates a reliable correlation between the western side of the Eurasian loess belt and the dust record of the Greenland ice cores.     

东秦岭地区黄土堆积的岩石磁学特征及磁化率增强机制探索

对东秦岭地区洛南盆地的上白川、刘湾和丹江上游的二龙山黄土剖面进行了岩石磁学研究。结果表明,大部分黄土和古土壤样品的磁性矿物以磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,古土壤中亚铁磁性矿物的含量比黄土的多,极少数黄土样品以反铁磁性矿物为主。亚铁磁性矿物和反铁磁性矿物的含量随成土作用增强而增加,成土作用形成的细粒亚铁磁性矿物包括超顺磁性和单畴（似单畴）颗粒,但以单畴和（或）似单畴为主。古土壤磁化率增强与这些土壤成因的细粒亚铁磁性矿物含量有关,显示出受气候变化控制的特点。东秦岭地区黄土岩石磁学性质与黄土高原地区的相似,但也存在一定差异,而且三个剖面之间磁化率值整体差别较大。温湿的气候和复杂的山区地形可能是导致这种差异的原因。     

New Data on the Composition of Magnetic Minerals from Paleosols of Southern Tajikistan

A dependence of the magnetic susceptibility () on the alternation of paleosol and loess has been revealed for loess sections of southern Tajikistan: the value increases in paleosols and decreases in loesses. The magnetic signal intensification in the paleosol is caused by an elevated content of ferromagnetics. New electron-microscopic data on magnetic minerals from the paleosol have demonstrated that the principal ferromagnetic responsible for high values of the paleosol is biogenic fine-dispersed magnetite. Its particles vary from 0.0n to 0.n m in size and exhibit crystallochemical characteristics typical for this mineral. Under pedogenetic conditions and participation of Fe-reducing bacteria, the activity of biomineralization is controlled by paleoclimatic variations.     

A New Model for Correlation between the Marine Benthic Oxygen Isotope and Red Clay Magnetic Susceptibility on the Chinese Loess Plateau

<正>Objective Aeolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau contain some of the best continental archives of palaeoclimate change in the Late Cenozoic.The consensus that alternating MS in loess-paleosols in China was due to the strengthening and weakening of the East Asian palaeomonsoon provides an excellent climate record when correlated with global ice volume.Significantly,new basal dates from the red clay underlying the loess-paleosol sequence indicate that wind-blown dust began to accumulate on the Chinese Loess Plateau at least 22     

黄土高原及相邻地区表土磁化率与降水量的关系

在黄土高原阿拉善高原区域沿年均降水量线最大梯度方向采集了61个表土样品, 分析了其磁化率、粒度和有机碳含量等环境变化替代性指标的变化特征. 结果表明: 在母质类型多样和地貌特征差异较大的该广阔区域, 频率磁化率与降水有良好的相关性, 而常用的磁化率不能用作反映降水量变化的理想指标, 与以往土壤磁学研究存在一定差异. 研究结果指示, 在干旱地区应用磁化率指标解释环境变化需要谨慎.     

长江中下游地区下蜀黄土磁化率曲线与环境变迁

通过对镇江大港剖面地层结构和磁化率曲线特征的分析研究,以及与相邻地区风尘堆积研究成果的比较,认为长江中下游地区磁化率曲线的波动旋回很好的对应了黄土 -古土壤风尘堆积序列,记录着该区中更新世以来七次大的古气候冷暖旋回。古气候的旋回变化幅度较北方黄土区要小得多,冷期和暖期都存在着频繁的小尺度的气候冷暖波动,可与深海氧同位素曲线相比较 但各地下蜀黄土沉积速率和沉积环境有一定的差异。     

长江中下游地区下蜀黄土磁化率曲线比较研究

通过对镇江大港剖面地层结构和磁化率曲线特征的分析研究,以及与相邻地区风尘堆积研究成果的比较,认为长江中下游地区中更新世以来,经历了七次大的古气候冷暖旋回,旋回变化幅度较北方黄土共要小得多,冷期和暖期都存在着频繁的小尺度的气候冷暖波动,并可与深海氧同位素曲线相比较;另外,在镇江下蜀黄土磁化率测量中还发现,地下水的浸泡对剖面样品的磁化率有着较大的影响。     

磁化率各向异性测量在沉积学中的应用

本文利用磁化率各向异性来研究南京下蜀土的沉积组构?根据南京下蜀上的磁组构特征及其与华北黄土的对比分析,探讨了下蜀土的成因,并进而指出了磁化率各向异性测量对于沉积学的重要意义?     

黄土高原朝那剖面风尘堆积序列磁化率的古环境意义

黄土高原中部连续的风尘堆积黄土-红粘土序列,蕴含着东亚季风演化与高原隆升等重要的古气候与构造信息.结合已有的古地磁年代,根据磁化率的变化特征对黄土高原中部朝那黄土-红粘土剖面记录的古环境变化进行了划分,共划分I(8.1～5.6 MaBP)东亚季风的初显期、Ⅱ(5.6～4.8 MaBP)东亚夏季风开始增强期、Ⅲ(4.8～2.8 MaBP)青藏高原隆升和东亚季风波动增强期、Ⅳ(2.8～2.6 MaBP)气候转型期、V(2.6～1.2 MaBP)弱季风期、Ⅵ(1.2～0.62 MaBP)季风增强期和Ⅶ(＜0.62 MaBP)季风鼎盛期等7个阶段.并将其与全球冰量、太阳辐射进行对比,初步讨论各阶段演化的可能机制.     

贵州安顺新民二叠系-三叠系界线剖面磁化率变化及古气候环境意义

贵州安顺新民二叠系-三叠系界线剖面磁化率测试结果表明,该剖面二叠系磁化率整体偏低（平均6.4×10-8 m3/kg）,界线之上磁化率快速增加并相对稳定在1.3×10-7 m3/kg附近,与华南其他二叠系-三叠系剖面磁化率变化趋势相同;与陆源孢粉丰度、TiO2曲线的同步变化趋势表明,新民剖面磁化率主要来自陆源物质。结合磁化率、地球化学指标的变化特征,将源区P-T之交古气候划分为3个阶段:阶段Ⅰ（1 2层中部）为化学风化作用较强的温暖潮湿的气候条件;阶段Ⅱ（2层上部 P-T界线）整体处于较强化学风化作用条件下温热潮湿的气候环境,变化较为频繁,表现为温润/湿热交替;阶段Ⅲ（P-T界线之上）物理风化加强,化学风化明显减弱,经短暂“过渡段”,气候总体转变为干热的条件。     

Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility(χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the ?lf and of the redness(a*), the section can be divided into two segments:(1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest ?lf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and(2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high ?lf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.     

Results of Cryotrasologic Indication of Paleosols Revealed to the North of the European and Western Siberian Loess Belt

Doklady Earth Sciences - Rock freezing affects soil complexes with maximum temperature gradients and forms a set of the specific cryotrasologic features in a solid matrix of soils. Remaining...     

黄土高原黄土地层的对比及细分

将前人对黄土高原黄土地层划分的研究成果进行全面总结、分析,结合洛川、宝鸡、西峰3个经典剖面,利用土壤 地层学、沉积学、磁性地层学、古生物学、年代学、地球化学等研究方法对黄土高原的黄土地层进行详细对比以及进一步 细分。将早、中更新世界线调整为B/M极性倒转开始的对应层位——L9顶部。根据岩性和气候旋回周期的差异性等,将离 石黄土三分,S8/L9作为离石黄土内部划分的一条新界线,S1~L5划分为上离石黄土,S5~S8划分为中离石黄土,L9~L15划分为 下离石黄土。在分析过程中发现关键层位（S0,L1,S1,S5,L9,L15,L33） 的年龄具有差异性。     

黄土高原地区晚中新世以来陆地植被C3/C4植物相对丰度演化研究进展

晚中新世以来陆地生态系统中C3/C4植物相对丰度的演化历史是国际地学界关心的热点问题。我国黄土高原地区也有数个剖面开展了相关的研究,然而基于土壤碳酸盐碳同位素的研究结果在C4植物扩张开始的时间、过程、区域和全球一致性、C4植物相对丰度的空间梯度等主要的地质历史事实以及该区域C4植物扩张的主要驱动因素等方面的认识均存在较大的差异,这可能表明了代用指标本身存在的问题。而来自动物化石的碳同位素研究结果与碳酸盐碳同位素研究结果同样差异比较大,认为直到第四纪时期,C4植物才成为区域植被当中一个重要组分。从代用指标可靠性以及时间分辨率2个方面考虑,建议在后续的研究工作中,大力加强有机质碳同位素方面的研究,进一步查明黄土高原地区晚中新世以来C4植物扩张的历史和可能的驱动机制。     

Granitoids and Their Magnetic Susceptibility in South Korea

Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were carried out for 1,120 samples in the Middle Proterozoic to Early Tertiary granitoids so far recognized in South Korea, and the lateral and spatial variation of their magnetic susceptibility, i.e., content of magnetite, is studied. The Middle Proterozoic two mica granitoids related to cassiterite (Sn) deposits in northeastern part of the Sobaegsan Massif show very low MS (less than 0.3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit), and the Permo‐Triassic tonalitic to granodioritic and monzonitic rocks which are barren in mineralization, distributed in the middle part of South Korea also show low MS (less than 1 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). On the contrary the Late Triassic to Jurassic granitoids (= Daebo granitoids) which were evolved from tonalite through granodiorite to granite, and are most widely distributed in South Korea, show a wide variation on MS. Particularly in the Andong, Igsan, Gimcheon and Geochang areas, the granitoids which are barren in mineralization, are characterized by high MS (more than 10 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). The Chuncheon, Jecheon, Namyang and Geumsan plutons related to molybdenite (Mo) and/or wolframite or scheelite (W), and fluorite (F) mineralizations show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). However, more than 60% of the Daebo granitoids show low MS (less than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) and the rest show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). Heterogeneous distribution of magnetite content in the Daebo granitoids is considered to reflect heterogeneity of redox state of the source materials for these granitoids. The Cretaceous to Early Tertiary granitoids (= Bulgugsa granitoids) in the Gyeongsang Basin had been generally evolved in the order of tonalite, diorite, granodiorite, granite and alkali‐feldspar granites, which are closely related to base metal ore deposits, and mostly show higher MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) than other granitoids mentioned above, although some exceptions are recognized in highly evolved alkali‐feldspar granites (SiO₂ > 76%). In contrast, as most of the highly oxidized or evolved Cretaceous granitoids distributed in areas other than the Gyeongsang Basin show lower MS than those of the Gyeongsang Basin, and appear to be magnetite free, ilmenite‐series granites, but they might be hematite bearing magnetite‐series granitoids. Highly oxidized nature of the Bulgugsa granitoids may be due to high Fe₂O₃/FeO ratio of the source materials and also high level intrusion style of the granitic magma activities. Most of the granitic rocks of the Middle Proterozoic, Permo‐Triassic and more than 60% of the Late Triassic to Jurassic (Daebo granitoids) belong to ilmenite–series, however less than 40% of the Daebo granitoids and most Cretaceous ones are magnetite–series. Thus, the granitic magma intruded in Korean Peninsula became oxidized while the intrusive ages become younger.     

Paleosols and prehistoric populations in the high plains

Excavations in 1980–1981 at sites (32MZ319 and 32MZ380) along Cinnamon Creek Ridge in the Little Missouri River Badlands of McKenzie County, North Dakota, unexpectedly revealed at each locality the presence of one or more deeply buried paleosols with associated cultural materials. At both sites, 32MZ319 and 32MZ380, multiple paleosols are present, each of which is terminated by an episode of aeolian deposition. Fifteen radiocarbon dates on these paleosols establish an incipient chronology for paleosol development in the study area and permit correlation with other High Plains archaeological complexes. Geological and archaeological data for the two multiple paleosol sites are summarized.     

磁化率各向异性与剪切带

岩石组构记录了地壳形成与演化的关键信息,提取这些信息对分析和恢复地球动力学过程具有重要意义.磁化率各向异性(AMS)是一种重要的岩石组构方法,可以有效地揭示岩石的应变特征,分析其地球动力学过程,是研究构造变形性质以及应力作用方式的有效手段.本文在梳理AMS的研究历史、主要成果和最新进展的基础上,系统阐述了AMS的基本原...     

黄土高原第四纪粉尘沉积速率的时空变化及其意义

本文系统地计算了黄土高原洛川、西峰、宝鸡、西安刘家坡、兰州九洲台、西宁大墩岭黄土剖面的粉尘沉积速率,发现粉尘沉积速率除随冰期、间冰期具有明显波动外,还呈现时间上由老向新的阶段性升高,空间上由西北向东南降低的总体趋势。第四纪以来,黄土高原粉尘沉积速率出现了几次异常增高的时期,它们与青藏高原隆起时段相吻合。距今约70万年,该区冬季风出现重大调整,冬季风风力明显的逐步增强,风向偏转到NW方向。粉尘沉积速率可作为我国冬季风强弱变化的较好指标。