攀枝花地震台川05井水位异常与震中关系

根据攀枝花地震台川05井所处构造环境,研究其水位观测前兆异常,探讨对应地震的中长期、短临异常时空变化规律和形态变化幅度等动态特征,试图寻找川05井水位观测前兆异常变化与地震的对应关系,给出川05井水位短临异常变化幅度与震级、震中距的经验公式,初步获得水位异常变化与震中的关系,为今后水位异常预测地震发生地提供依据。     

一次显著的黄骅井水位远场短临异常

2012年2月2日05时16分,在辽宁营口(40.49° N,122.41°E)发生了4.3级和4.1级地震,辽宁大部分地区有感.震前距震中直线距离468 km的河北省沧州市的黄骅井水位出现了显著的短临异常变化.营口地震前水位2012年2月1日9时开始快速下降,至2月2日7时下降幅度达1.8 m,之后转折上升,水温同步下降.     

地下水位短临异常演化特征及其与地震关系的研究

本文对1976年唐山地震以来华北地区Ms≥5．0地震前的地下水位异常资料进行了系统整理，分析研究了水位短临前兆异常的时空演化特征及其与地震的关系。结果表明：震前水位短临异常的空间分布主要集中在一定范围并沿活动断裂带展布，且不均匀；大部分地震的水位短期异常较临震异常多；震前水位短期异常向临震异常过度时，分布区向震源区收缩，但在震中距100km左右以内这种现象不明显；震级与短临异常展布范围、短期异常幅度有一定关系，而与临震时期异常大小的关系不明显；地震发震时间与异常的超前、持续以及等待时间有关；地震发生地点与异常分布特征有关，震中往往不在短临异常集中区的几何中心，而是在异常范围内的某一侧或异常迁移方向附近。     

地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常关系及识别方法的初步研究

对1976以来华北地区Ms≥5．0地震前的地壳形变和地下水位资料进行了系统整理,分析研究了地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常间的关系,假如把相距不超过70km的一组形变与水位异常称为一个异常对次,则有：①临震异常对次远远小于短期异常对次;无论是短期异常还是临震异常,形变异常开始时间大部分早于水位异常开始时间;②住短期异常过程中,变形压或压缩与水位升、变形张或膨胀与水位升的异常对次所占比例不高;变形压或压缩与水位降、变形张或膨胀与水位降的异常对次所占比例较高,且变形张或膨胀与水位降占优,在临震异常过程中,变形压或压缩与水位升的异常对次所占比例远远大于变形张或膨胀与水位升的;③地壳形变短临异常与地下水位短临异常的关系可表示为Y=a0x＋a1,其中y和x分别为地下水位和地壳形变短临异常规测值。最后提出了判断短临前兆异常的新方法,即异常放大法。     

苏皖地区2次中强地震前地下流体异常及其形成机理分析

归纳总结了安庆M_S4.8地震、高邮-宝应M_S4.9地震前出现的地下流体异常,并对其形成机理作了初步讨论。结果显示,这2次地震前地下流体异常特征比较相似。在时间进程上,都表现出中期趋势背景异常与短临异常的配套性特征。在空间分布上,中期趋势背景阶段,水位异常均表现为震中附近流体井水位呈趋势性转折上升,而震中外围流体井水位呈趋势性转折下降的特点。且转折上升的流体井在空间上的分布方位与地震的发震断层走向一致。在短临阶段,异常均表现为先向外迁移继而向震中靠拢的特点。水位在空间上的规律性分布可能受区域应力场作用以及区域构造格局所控制。     

大震前地下流体异常特征及演变过程研究

利用井口水位对构造应力的响应，分析了地下水位在强(大)地震孕育过程中，中短期应力变化的响应，研究了地震前地下水位从中期异常过渡到短期异常的特征及演变过程。结果显示，当地下水位出现趋势上升、或趋势下降，动态变化规律异常为中期异常，这一时段通常为一年到三年；趋势上升、或趋势下降异常出现明显转折，则中期异常结束；中期异常出现转折后，其异常过程显示上下波动或拉平图像，这一时段为过渡性异常，属于中期异常向短临异常的过渡时段。当水位再次出现明显转折，则为短(临)期异常开始出现。而水位异常图像出现的趋势上升、或趋势下降、打破正常年动态变化规律形态，取决于井孔含水层系统在大震孕育过程的应力调整再积累阶段所处部位；尤其是取决于观测水点位于地质构造块体的构造带上，还是相邻块体的构造带上。水位震前异常的特征，源于地震孕育过程中应力异常区的形成。     

张北-尚义地震前地下水物理动态异常与短临预报

张北－尚义地震前塔院、太平庄两井的水位、水温出现明显的中短期异常和短临异常。笔者利用这些异常并结合其它测项的异常,震前曾提出了一定的短临预报意见     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_S6.6地震前甘东南地区前兆异常分析

通过分析甘东南地区的前兆资料,认为2013年7月22日岷县漳县MS6.6地震前震中距300 km内甘肃部分前兆资料有明显的中短期异常及典型的短临异常。用从属函数法定量提取了水氡和水位资料中短期异常,分析了异常特征,并对岷县漳县MS6.6地震前水氡、水位、水温、地电阻率及形变资料的异常特征进行了重点分析,发现地震前甘东南地区的几项地形变资料出现了明显的中短期异常,部分水氡、水位、水温和地电阻率资料存在明显的短临异常。     

2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震前地球物理观测异常分析

对青海省门源地震台静水位、石英水平摆倾斜和钻孔应变等地球物理观测资料的阶段性变化特征分析,以及对2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震前的短临异常变化进行了研究。结果表明,门源地震台静水位、水平摆倾斜和钻孔应变观测资料在此次地震中均出现了明显的短临异常。其中,静水位出现加速上升和下降异常变化,并在持续下降变化中发生了青海门源6.9级地震;石英水平摆倾斜仪存在北倾的加速或转折异常变化;钻孔应变四分量在地震前监测到强烈的挤压变化。     

福建4级地震前地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比研究

根据加卸载响应比理论,对福建省5个水位观测资料进行加卸载响应比计算,发现在多次福建4级地震前出现多井同步异常,在形态上表现为高值突跳,时间上表现为短期或短临异常,空间上与地震所处的构造部位有关.说明地震前近源区含水层系统确实处于临近失稳状态,水位固体潮加卸载响应比可能捕捉到4级以上地震前应力失稳的过程.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~