塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层煤岩、煤质特征分析

塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层沿阿尔金山前断续分布,其煤岩、煤质与典型的西北侏罗纪煤层具有明显不同。通过对和田布雅、于田普鲁、且末红柳沟等煤矿主采煤层样品进行煤岩、煤质鉴定及煤化指标等一系列综合研究分析,结果表明,主采煤层以光亮煤、半亮煤为主,其次是半暗煤、暗淡煤;煤岩组分以镜质组为主,壳质组含量少,具中-高镜惰比。因成煤沼泽的还原程度促进了无机硫分的形成,煤中全硫含量随镜质组含量的增加呈现逐渐增高的趋势,且煤层硫分与灰分整体具有明显的负相关关系。此外,煤层挥发分受不同种类硫分的影响,亦有明显差异性变化。在民丰凹陷中-高硫煤中,硫分以无机硫为主,随着硫分的升高挥发分亦有升高趋势;瓦石峡凹陷中-低硫煤受有机硫控制,对挥发分产率的影响不明显。民丰凹陷煤层的灰分指数高于瓦石峡凹陷,可见后者的成煤沼泽环境潜水面要比前者高得多。针对上述诸多因素分析,进一步揭示塔东南地区煤岩、煤质多样性变化受断陷湖盆以及局部水体较深的还原型沼泽环境控制,最终形成了中-高挥发分、中-低灰分、中-低硫分的煤质及富镜贫惰的煤岩特征。     

王洼煤矿扩大延伸勘探区煤质特征

通过对王洼煤矿扩大延伸勘探区可采煤层煤的煤岩特征、物理化学性质和工艺性能的分析研究,阐述了该区可采煤层煤的煤质特征及其变化规律：该区各可采煤层煤的显微有机组分中镜质组含量大于惰质组,二者约占89％,壳质组占1％左右,煤的无机组分占10％左右,并以粘土矿物为主。水分含量在8％左右,该区自西向东煤的灰分产率、挥发分产率、硫分、水分逐渐降低,属特低灰-低灰、低-中硫、特低磷-低磷,中高-高挥发分,高热值、不具粘结性的长焰煤、不粘煤。     

内蒙古白音乌拉矿区6~#煤层特征及液化性能

通过对白音乌拉矿区内6~#煤层的煤岩、煤质特征的研究,初步评价了该区煤炭液化性能。结果表明:有机显微组分中镜质组含量64.11%,惰质组含量33.98%,含少量壳质组(1.91%);无机组分以黏土矿物为主。本区煤为中灰、中-中高硫、高热值褐煤。煤的挥发份高,化学反应性好,有机硫含量一般在1%以上,适合煤的液化,但从煤岩组分来看,惰质组含量较高,对液化不利。     

新疆和什托洛盖煤田白杨河矿区煤质特征及煤相分析

据煤岩学和煤化学分析结果,分析研究区煤质特征和煤相类型。结果表明,研究区煤以高挥发分产率、低灰分产率和低水分含量为特征;显微组分以镜质组为主,惰质组次之和壳质组少见,揭示沼泽覆水较深,具相对还原的低位沼泽特征;煤相类型以潮湿森林沼泽相为主,湿地草本沼泽相次之,干燥森林沼泽相仅出现于中上部煤层。潮湿森林沼泽相和湿地草本沼泽相以相对富镜质组、具较高灰分产率和挥发分产率为特征;干燥森林沼泽相以相对贫镜质组、具较低灰分产率和挥发分产率为特征。     

河南荥巩煤田太原组中风暴异地煤的煤岩煤质特征

河南荥巩煤田太原组中的风暴异地煤，已全部破碎而完全见不到原生结构、构造；煤因破碎失去光泽而无法划分宏观煤岩类型；煤的显微有机组分破损且凝胶化组分减少、壳质组分增加。煤的灰分产率增高、发热量降低；挥发分产率异常。这些特征不仅与原地生成煤构成了明显对比，而且也揭示了这种异地煤的成因机理。     

鲁西含煤区中部煤的煤质特征

研究了鲁西含煤区中部新汶和肥城煤田煤的岩石学、煤化学、煤矿物学和煤地球化学特征。研究成果表明山西组煤层和太原组煤层在煤岩学、煤化学、煤矿物学和煤地球化学特征方面存在较大差异：山西组煤层比组煤层具有相对高的惰质组和壳质组含量,相对低的镜质组含量;山西组煤层比太原组煤层具有相对低的灰分和硫含量以及挥发分产率;山西组煤层具有相对低的矿物含量,而太原组煤层具有相对高的矿物含量。山西组煤层和太原组煤层之间的     

基于煤岩煤质特征的成煤环境分析——以鲁西汶宁煤田新驿煤矿为例

煤岩煤质是分析含煤岩系沉积环境的重要参数。以鲁西汶宁煤田新驿煤矿为例,采用煤岩学、地球化学和沉积学相结合的方法,通过采样、测试及相关分析手段,发现受到海水影响较弱的山西组煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮型-半暗型煤为主,微观煤岩类型以微三合煤为主;而受到海水影响较强的太原组煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,微观煤岩类型以微镜煤占绝对优势。山西组煤层显微组分中的镜质体以基质镜质体为主,惰质组以火焚丝质体为主,壳质组分以小孢子体和树皮体为主;太原组煤层显微组分均以基质镜质体、均质镜质体为主,惰性组氧化丝质体为主,壳质组以小孢子体为主。煤质特征与成煤环境也表现很大差异性,受海水影响较小的山西组煤层具灰分产率高、挥发分低、全硫含量低等特点;而受海水影响较强的太原组煤层具灰分产率低、挥发分高、全硫含量高等特点。最后发现,全硫含量分布能够反映出海侵特征,即全硫含量分布高的部位代表着区内最初接受海侵地区。     

论煤岩组分的液化性能

通过高压釜在溶剂和催化剂条件下对煤的加氢液化试验,探讨了低煤级煤中煤岩组分的液化性能。结果表明,在不同宏观煤岩成分的液化试验中,转化率和油产率表现出镜煤>亮煤>暗煤>丝炭;对于显微组分的液化,不仅镜质组和壳质组具有反应活性,半镜质组也有一定活性,且活性组分(镜质组+半镜质组+壳质组)含量与液化转化率、油产率表现出良好的正比关系。低煤级煤中,R_max<1.50%的半丝质组分在液化时有反应活性,其活性低于同一煤中的半镜质组,而R_max>1.50%的惰质组分已不具反应活性。      

神东矿区富惰质组煤的形成条件研究--惰质组分的真菌交替成因意义

应用煤岩学分析方法,对神东矿区富惰质组煤中惰质组分的种类、含量、形态特征、真菌衍生物特征所反映的泥炭沼泽条件进行研究,揭示了真菌交替作用对惰质组分的成因意义。      

基于压汞法的低阶煤储层孔隙结构表征——以准噶尔盆地南缘为例

准噶尔盆地南缘(准南)是我国重要的低煤阶煤层气地区。以准南低阶煤储层为研究对象,以压汞法为基础,运用分形维数对煤储层孔隙结构进行了探讨。研究发现,该地区煤储层微小孔较为发育,压汞曲线分为两类,第一类汞饱和度和退汞率较高,利于煤层气的产出,第二类汞饱和度和退汞效率相对较低,不利于煤层气的产出,但有利于煤层气的储集,该区整体储层较好。从分形维数的角度来看,孔径在10~2 100nm具有明显的分段分形特征,并呈现出随孔径增大而增大的趋势。此外,通过分形维数与煤岩特征相关性分析发现,在低阶煤阶段,大孔分形维数与R_(o,max)、惰质组含量呈正相关,但与灰分含量、镜质组含量、挥发分含量呈负相关。而分形维数越高,孔隙结构越复杂,因此,在研究区,高演化程度的富惰质组煤储层孔隙结构较差,而高灰分、挥发分、富镜质组的煤储层孔隙结构较好。     

Organic petrology and source rock potential of sediments in the Eromanga Basin, South Australia

Cuttings and cores from the Poolowanna 1 well, Eromanga Basin, South Australia (in which oil was discovered in Lower Jurassic reservoirs) and the Macumba 1 well (no oil) have been analyzed petrographically to assess the nature of the coals and dispersed organic matter present. The Jurassic and Cretaceous coals have medium to high vitrinite contents, low to relatively high exinite, and medium to low inertinite contents. The dispersed organic matter has comparatively less vitrinite, more exinite and/or more inertinite than the associated coals. The microlithotype compositions of the coals indicate that the original vegetation was largely woody in character and was buried before much oxidation had occurred.The Jurassic sediments contain up to 2% dispersed organic matter by volume, 0–75% of which is exinite, including alginite. Vitrinite reflectances range from 0.5 to 0.7%. Where sufficiently mature, the Jurassic sediments are good potential source rocks for hydrocarbons.Statistical testing of the analytical results for the Jurassic Poolowanna Formation using Kendall's τ as a measure of dependence shows that there is a significant association between the macerals in coal and dispersed organic matter. The ratio of exinite to inertinite in dispersed organic matter is reasonably well predicted by the corresponding ratio in the associated coal.     

宁夏鸳鸯湖矿区煤的可选性特征

鸳鸯湖矿区以不粘煤为主,长焰煤次之,是良好的煤化工和动力用煤。从煤岩特征,煤的筛分、浮沉、煤及矸石的泥化程度试验等方面,对矿区及各井田煤的可选性特征进行了研究,研究表明：清水营井田煤中粘土类矿物较多,可选性较差,其它井田可选性相对较好;矿区煤中粘土矿物多呈细胞充填状,惰质组含量较高,难选出灰分很低的煤;当浮煤灰分控制在6．00％～11．00％,浮煤产率大于80％,煤为中等可选-易选;煤遇水易泥化,矸石为高泥化程度。研究结果可为煤的洗选工艺设计提供依据。     

内蒙古乌兰诺尔井田6号煤层煤质特征研究

乌兰诺尔井田位于内蒙古自治区东北部,含煤地层主要为白垩系下统巴彦花组,6号煤是区内唯一可采煤层,其显微组分镜质组含量为85.2%～91.0%,惰质组含量为2.0%～13.4%,壳质组在2%以下。测试分析表明6号煤属中灰、低—中高硫、高热值褐煤,其挥发分高,化学反应性好,燃烧时速度快,反应充分,是很好的动力燃料,适用于火力发电。     

东胜煤田深部区煤质特征研究

东胜煤田深部区延安组主要发育2-6五个煤组,含煤26层,煤层总厚度5.9～36.7m,根据33个钻孔293个煤样的煤质分析结果,研究区各煤层有机显微组分均以镜质组为主,含量为51.4%～83.0%,惰质组占17.0%～48.0%,煤中矿物质含量为0.18%～14.5%,以粘土矿物为主。从下到上镜质组含量有所增加,常量元素含量较稳定。本区煤类属不粘煤,工业利用以动力用煤为主,因有害元素总体含量较低,其利用不会对环境产生影响。     

陕北石炭—二叠纪富油煤赋存特征及影响因素

加强我国富油煤合理开发对推进煤炭清洁高效利用、提升油气自主保障能力和实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。为查明陕北石炭–二叠纪煤田典型矿区富油煤赋存特征,基于煤炭勘查资料和样品测试结果,对比了可采煤层焦油产率变化特征,分析富油煤时空分布规律,探讨富油煤赋存影响因素。结果表明:可采煤层焦油产率均值呈北高南低趋势,古城矿区为9.22%~11.6%,府谷矿区为8.49%~11.02%,吴堡矿区为5.15%~6.89%;古城–府谷矿区主要发育富油煤,古城矿区富油煤分布以环带状为主,府谷矿区含油煤呈分散状发育于富油煤之间,吴堡矿区以含油煤为主、富油煤少量分布、高油煤不发育;府谷矿区7煤属富油–高油煤,其高油煤分布面积占比高达23%,且3、4、8煤中富油–高油煤分布面积占比均超过94%;随煤化程度升高,富油煤发育频率降低,中低阶煤分布区最有利于富油煤的赋存;煤焦油产率与活性组分、氢含量、灰成分中钙、镁、硫氧化物含量及镜惰比（V/I）、H/C原子比、挥发分产率呈正相关,与惰质组、石英、黏土矿物含量和灰分产率呈负相关;沉积环境的闭塞、还原和碱性程度越高,越利于富油煤生成和赋存。煤化程度、成煤物质、沉积环境和无机沉积作用共同影响着富油煤赋存特征。古城–府谷矿区富油煤资源潜力巨大,建议加强富油煤保护性开采和高效化利用。      

Properties of thermally metamorphosed coal from Tanjung Enim Area, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia with special reference to the coalification path of macerals

Thermally metamorphosed Tertiary age coals from Tanjung Enim in South Sumatra Basin have been investigated by means of petrographic, mineralogical and chemical analyses. These coals were influenced by heat from an andesitic igneous intrusion. The original coal outside the metamorphosed zone is characterized by high moisture content (4.13–11.25 wt.%) and volatile matter content (> 40 wt.%, daf), as well as less than 80 wt.% (daf) carbon and low vitrinite reflectance (VR_max = 0.52–0.76%). Those coals are of subbituminous and high volatile bituminous rank. In contrast the thermally metamorphosed coals are of medium-volatile bituminous to meta-anthracite rank and characterized by low moisture content (only < 3 wt.%) and volatile matter content (< 24 wt.%, daf), as well as high carbon content (> 80 wt.%, daf) and vitrinite reflectance (VR_max = 1.87–6.20%). All the studied coals have a low mineral matter content, except for those which are highly metamorphosed, due to the formation of new minerals.The coalification path of each maceral shows that vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite reflectance converge in a transition zone at VR_max of around 1.5%. Significant decrease of volatile matter occurs in the zone between 0.5% and 2.0% VR_max. A sharp bend occurs at VR_max between 2.0% and 2.5%. Above 2.5%, the volatile matter decreases only very slightly. Between VR_r = 0.5% and 2.0%, the carbon content of the coals is ascending drastically. Above 2.5% VR_r, the carbon content becomes relatively stable (around 95 wt.%, daf).Vitrinite is the most abundant maceral in low rank coal (69.6–86.2 vol.%). Liptinite and inertinite are minor constituents. In the high rank coal, the thermally altered vitrinite composes 82.4–93.8 vol.%. Mosaic structures can be recognized as groundmasss and crack fillings. The most common minerals found are carbonates, pyrite or marcasite and clay minerals. The latter consist of kaolinite in low rank coal and illite and rectorite in high rank coal. Change of functional groups with rank increase is reflected most of all by the increase of the ratio of aromatic C–H to aliphatic C–H absorbances based on FTIR analysis. The Oxygen Index values of all studied coals are low (OI < 5 mg CO₂/g TOC) and the high rank coals have a lower Hydrogen Index (< 130 mg HC/g TOC) than the low rank coals (about 300 mg HC/g TOC). T_max increases with maturity (420–440 °C for low rank coals and 475–551 °C for high rank coals).Based on the above data, it was calculated that the temperature of contact metamorphism reached 700–750 °C in the most metamorphosed coal.     

On the geochemistry of indium in coal-forming process

The content and distribution of In in 168 samples from 7 coal deposits in Bulgaria were studied, using a spectrochemical method with a detection limit of 0.002 ppm. Indium is present in all samples, its content varying from 0.002 to 0.167 ppm in the coal and from 0.005 to 0.57 ppm in the ash. The mean contents for individual deposits do not differ statistically, and for all the deposits the In concentration (ppm) can be expressed generally by the equation In = 0.00068 A (A is the coal ash content in %).Of the petrographic constituents of coal, vitrain, xylene and liptain are enriched in In. In is associated with both the organic and with the inorganic matter of the coal. Inorganic matter and clay minerals in particular, act only as carriers of Indium. In contrast, organic matter concentrates In only to a small degree relative to other trace elements.     

东三江地区新近系褐煤煤质特征

东三江地区新近系中一上新统富锦组含有巨厚层褐煤,其含煤性以朝阳、七星河区为最好,主要可采煤层为6、10号煤层,根据大量煤质数据分析,煤的显微组分均以镜质组占绝对优势,其含量在75％左右,惰质组含量约占3％,灰分产率为20％,挥发分产率为55％,朝阳区10号煤层全硫含量平均为0．24％,七星河区为0．13％,根据煤质特征综合分析．富锦组煤层属特高挥发分、低磷-特低磷、低硫-特低硫、中灰、富油、中-富腐殖酸高热值褐煤。     

Geochemistry and origin of elements in some UK coals

Twenty-four UK coals ranging in rank with 4.6%–37.6% volatile matter were analysed for 46 major and trace elements. The samples were obtained from the UK Coal Bank and are representative of the major UK coal fields. The major element distributions are interpreted in terms of the mineralogical variations—quartz and kaolinite are largely responsible for the Si and Al, carbonates for Ca and Mg and pyrite for Fe. Also exerting an influence in some samples are siderite, Al-phosphate minerals and illite. Based on statistical relationships with the major elements, Rb, Cr, Th, Ce, Zr, Y, Ga, La, Ta, Nb and V are thought to be mainly present in the clay minerals, and As, Mo, Sb, Tl, Se and Bi and Pb are probably present in pyrite. Strontium and Ba are concentrated in a restricted number of samples related to the phosphate minerals. Germanium is the only element for which a major organic association can be demonstrated. Elements with an indirect association with the organic matter are Na, Cl, and Br in porefluids and possibly Te. The ash content is controlled mainly by the detrital input and the trace elements related to the ash content are therefore those elements associated with the clay minerals. Variations with rank would appear to be mainly related to the moisture content (porefluids). The trace elements associated with the quartz and clay minerals are thought to be dominantly detrital in origin. The non-detrital elements, essentially those contained in pyrite, are thought to have been incorporated in the depositional environment from waters with enhanced salinities through seawater ingress, hence there are positive relationships between S and trace element concentrations.