我国煤层气开发面临的主要科学技术问题及对策

在综述我国利用地面垂直井、采动区井、井下瓦斯抽放和废矿井抽放等4种技术进行煤层气勘探开发工作的基础上,结合国内外发展趋势,提出加强煤层气成藏理论、无烟煤渗透性控制因素、低煤级煤层气资源前景等基础理论研究和采用低伤害、注气增压、采气—采煤一体化、极小曲率半径钻井等先进技术,以加快我国煤层气产业的发展      

大水头井田煤层气赋存特征及开发初步研究

文章介绍了井田煤层气的储存、运移特征, 计算了煤层气的资源量; 通过有关参数评价了井田煤层气资源抽放的可行性, 并通过井下钻孔瓦斯抽放试验及矿井１０２ 工作面巷道封闭抽放结果认为：井田煤层气储量丰富,渗透性良好,流量稳定,适宜于大规模开采。     

我国矿井瓦斯及其抽放综述

本文统计分析了近几年全国６００多对煤矿瓦斯泽出量和１００多对煤矿抽放瓦斯量的变化动态，分析了煤矿抽放瓦斯（煤层气开发）的发展趋势与前景，在此基础上结合中国煤矿的地层，构造，煤层，煤质与瓦斯赋存等特征，建议有针地必地选择２～３个条件较好的局矿进行一定规模，各具特点的煤层气综合开发工业性试验，以便取得经验推而广之，使我国煤矿井下抽放瓦斯与地面钻孔开发煤层气在“九五”期间直至２０１０年能跃上一个新台阶。     

阜新五龙刘家区煤层气开发前景浅析

为了进一步开发阜新五龙刘家区煤层气，对研究区煤层气地面开发与井下瓦斯抽放进行了探讨，并着重对其开发前景及经济效益进行了分析，其结论是投资回收期较短、经济效益好、投资风险较小。是煤炭枯竭城市经济转型的良好项目之一。     

煤层气井巷开采方法的探讨

煤层气是一种洁净的新能源，我国煤层气储量十分丰富，开发煤层气的方法有地面钻井开采和井巷开采两种，其中井巷开采方法适用于我国许多矿区。本文分析了我国煤层气藏的地质条件，提出了综合采煤采气要求布置井下巷道，改进传统瓦斯抽放工艺开采煤层气的井巷全量开采法，并对本方法进行了理论和实践上的论证。     

赴美国、日本考察钻探设备纪实

１引言为了加速我国煤层气开发的步伐,适应我国煤矿高产高效机械化安全采煤的需要,煤矿井下水平长钻孔抽放煤层气（瓦斯）显得日益重要。近年来,为了进行长钻孔抽放瓦斯,煤炭部引进了美国、澳大利亚等国多种千米水平钻机。由于中国煤矿地质条件的特殊性,这些钻机都不...     

煤层气资源特点与开发模式

为探索煤层气高效开发模式,促进煤层气资源的开发,在总结20多a理论研究成果和勘探开发实践经验的基础上,将煤层气厘定为赋存于煤层及其围岩中的与煤炭共伴生的天然气,并将煤层气资源的特点概括为吸附态、自生自储两点。依据煤层气资源的特点,提出了煤层气资源开发模式分类方案,其中顶级分类包括地面开发、井下抽采、采煤采气一体化等。      

晋城煤层气藏成藏机制

通过晋城煤层气的规模开发、压裂煤层气井的解剖、井下煤层瓦斯抽放、构造地应力场研究、煤储层大裂隙系统“CT”式解剖与煤层气封闭保存条件研究, 发现3#煤储层内部存在大量煤层气包, 构造微破裂作用促使煤层气包之间广泛合并联通, 煤层气包内部储层的非均质性弱化, 渗透率增加, 煤层气包内部的游离气体比例增加, 流体压力系统边界逐渐清晰并形成煤层气藏. 揭示煤层气藏的成藏机制, 认识煤层气藏的内部细节特征, 促进了该区的煤层气开发技术进步, 提高了井下煤层瓦斯的抽放效率.      

煤矿区钻探技术装备新进展与展望

我国煤层气资源非常丰富。在煤矿区,煤层气(瓦斯)开发具有增加洁净能源供给、提高煤矿安全生产保障能力、减少温室气体排放等多重效益。地面钻井开发与井下钻孔抽采是煤矿区煤层气(瓦斯)开发的基本途径,同时也是煤矿区应急救援的主要手段。本文介绍了煤矿区地面煤层气开发新技术装备,大直径钻孔施工技术与装备及井下中硬、松软煤层和岩层瓦斯抽采钻孔成孔技术与装备。在此基础上分析了在新形势下煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）抽采钻孔成孔技术和装备发展需求,为我国煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）钻孔成孔提供借鉴。     

煤层气经济回采量的评价和计算

煤层气（瓦斯）是煤矿中的一种有害气体，也是一种优质能源，将抽出的瓦斯加以利用，就能变害为利，取得显著的经济效益，以前把瓦斯油放单纯看成是保证矿井安全生产的一种有效措施，注重的它的社会效益，而对经济效益却重视不够。本文通过放井下瓦斯抽放的系统研究，提出以矿井相对瓦斯涌出量作为反映煤层气抽入条件的综合性指标，确定了瓦斯抽效有生系数。并对瓦斯抽放成本和收益进行了分析计算，在此基础上，建立了经济评价的数学     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861