在MICAPS系统中利用分组交换网作单收站自动备份技术

介绍MICAPS系统的虚盘映射和FTP两种文件接收方式，两种方式相关文件参数不同及使用方式的对比。单收站未能收到气象资料时，通过对文件接收方式实现参数的自动修改，利用MICAPS系统FTP文件传输功能从分组交换网实现省（市）到县接收气象资料的功能。     

基于自动压缩传输与解压处理的县级台站MICAPS数据资料远程调用方法

针对县级台站的网络现状和气象现代化业务服务需要,提出了一种基于自动压缩、传输、解压、处理的MICAPS数据资料远程调用方法,使基层台站可实现对省级或地(市)级单收站数据资料的共享使用,满足了气象资料的集约化应用需要,对于避免重复建设、减少县级台站维护成本具有积极作用。     

利用光纤宽带网实现卫星气象资料的远程传输

1引言单收站的广播是单向的,如果单收站发生故障或因其它原因导致接收资料不完整时,单收站无法再次接收到已广播过的气象资料,造成当天天气图资料不完整,对预报业务正常开展产生影响。利用光纤宽带网接收气象资料是一种良好的补救方式。通过对Micaps系统参数的设置并利用批处理命令,实现利用光纤宽带网代替卫星通讯网传输气象资料的功能,当卫星通讯出现故障时Micaps系统将通过光纤宽带网从省网络中心接收卫星气象资料。2 Micaps系统文件远程接收方式Micaps系统有两种接收方式:一种是虚盘拷贝,另一种是FTP方式。选用何种方式则要看Mi-cap…     

常用气象卫星实时资料备份软件设计

1　备份目的通过 92 1 0工程下传的气象信息资料 ,为预报员提供了大量的信息产品。对于这些信息 ,单收站一般在 2～ 3天后自动删除 ,而这些气象资料对预报员进行个例分析、预报方法研制和MICAPS二次开发都非常有用。为了积累气象档案资料 ,研制开发了常用气象卫星实时资料备份软件。2　软件设计原则利用VisnalBasic 6 .0编程工具 ,进行模块化设计 ,界面美观 ,方便资料分类保存、查看 ,操作简单 ,易于维护升级。3　软件设计方法在下发产品节目单中 ,首先选取需要备份的资料 ,如常规资料 (高空、地面等 )、数值预报产品资料 (EL、T2 1 3…     

气象信息资源在县级气象局的有效利用

随着现代化建设向县级气象局的延伸,特别是1999年以来陕西省PCVSAT单收站系统、X.25分组网、ADSL等在县局的推广和普遍安装,目前县级气象局已经能够接收到大量的气象信息。充分利用和有效发挥气象信息作用是县气象局面对的现实问题。1　发挥单收站信息资源优势的必要性为地方党政领导提供决策气象服务,积极配合当地政府做好气象灾害防御是县局气象服务工作的重中之重。要深入理解县局在新一代天气预报业务技术体制中的分工,减少重复劳动;最大限度的发挥信息资源和网络优势,做好指导预报、分县(片)预报等产品的解释应用;总结县站天…     

用E—mail进行地县级气象资料传输

目前市 (地 )、县之间气象资料主要通过ＵＨＦ系统的有线方式传输 ,速度较慢 ,各县用户排队拨号也不方便。焦作市气象局 (下辖 6个县局 )非汛期气象资料下传需持续 1小时 ,汛期资料下传持续时间更长。现在全省各市 (地 )气象局基本上已加入因特网 ,利用ＩＳＰ提供的Ｅ -ｍａｉｌ可解决地县气象资料传输中存在的问题。经试用 ,用Ｅ -ｍａｉｌ进行日常气象资料和公文的发送和接收仅需 3～ 5分钟 ,电话费也由原来的每分钟 0 .57元降到每分钟 0 .0 6元。具体解决方案如下 :( 1 )首先对现用通讯机进行软硬件的适当升级 ;( 2 )各县用户在当地电信…     

常用气象卫星实时资料备份软件设计

1 备份目的 通过9210工程下传的气象信息资料,为预报员提供了大量的信息产品.对于这些信息,单收站一般在2～3天后自动删除,而这些气象资料对预报员进行个例分析、预报方法研制和MICAPS二次开发都非常有用.为了积累气象档案资料,研制开发了常用气象卫星实时资料备份软件.     

使用shell编程实现9210气象资料的补调

目前 ,各地气象局所使用的气象预报资料绝大部分都是通过接收 92 1 0系统广播取得 ,当某一时段92 1 0系统中的 UNIX结点机、单收站等设备出现故障或因其他其他原因关机时 ,在这个时段内无法接收主站广播的资料 ,造成该时段的气象资料缺失 ,资料缺失必将影响预报员对天气的分析、预报工作 ,因此如何在双收站正常的情况下及时将所缺的必要气象资料补全对预报员做好天气的分析、预报具有重要意义。下面探讨如何通过 shell编程来实现 92 1 0气象资料的补调。1　程序设计思路　　每天北京主站广播下发的气象资料都存放在地址为 1 72 .1 6.1 .3…     

基于C/S模式的气象资料自动下载系统

我国各级气象台站主要应用PCVSAT单收站系统接收气象卫星广播资料,单收站系统一但发生故障就会影响气象资料的正常接收,导致气象资料缺失。为了确保在单收站设备发生故障时也能及时、完整地接收气象资料,应用计算机编程技术开发了一套气象资料自动下载系统。系统基于现代化的宽带网络传输体系,采用客户机/服务器(C/S)模式构建,当单收站系统发生故障时,应用该系统可以及时、快速、完整地补全缺失的气象资料,没有安装单收站的气象资料用户也可以应用该系统实时接收气象资料。     

陕西省地（市）气象台分县预报系统

利用 MICAPS系统提供的气象信息 ,结合县站的气象要素 ,采用数理统计方法 ,建立地、市台分县预报系统 ,并将预报结果在 MICAPS系统下以图形或文本方式输出 ,对 MICAPS系统的本地化和二次开发工作进行了有益的尝试     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...