大地电磁测深资料在思茅坳陷基底构造特征研究中的应用

通过对思茅盆地21条剖面，计1007个测点的大地电磁测深资料的分析认识，采用有效视电阻率数据对剖面进行反演处理，继而从电性特征方面对坳陷的双重基底构造进行了研究。研究成果表明：坳陷内中生界侏罗系、元古宇浅中变质岩是剖面构造层追踪和划分的标志层；基底平面特性上除中央凸起外，呈现自东西两侧向中央逐步下降的三级构造格局；古生界沉积变质基底的起伏与结晶基底间有一定的继承关系，但局部起伏范围、位置因多期的构造运动而表现较大区别。     

东北地区松辽盆地和大三江盆地群基底构造电性特征

为查明东北地区盆地群的基底构造特征,从大地电磁测深方法入手,在前人工作的基础上,将该地区的一条满洲里—绥芬河地学断面和11条大地电磁剖面组构成了2张地球物理剖面栅状图,对所整理的剖面逐个进行讨论,通过栅状图对松辽盆地与大三江盆地群的基底特征给出进一步解释,并得出以下结论:①松辽盆地受断裂控制东西向呈高-低-高的电性分布...     

云南楚雄盆地西部高精度重磁电特征及基底特征

楚雄盆地是滇黔桂地区面积最大的含油气盆地,油气勘探进展缓慢,关键问题是基底和沉积盖层展布不清。重磁电是认识和了解盆地基底展布的重要手段。本研究在楚雄盆地西部实施2条区域重磁电测线,并对其进行基底结构的综合解译。结果表明：楚雄盆地西部上三叠统底界的最大埋藏深度为7 km,盆地总体走向北西,结晶基底在平川、云南驿、红河断裂以东,猛虎、舍资一线以西地区深度最大为9 km;在大姚县和南华县之间形成楚雄盆地最大的磁基底凹陷区,面积达到1 200 km²。     

丹青河林场-道台桥剖面的断裂及构造分区

在波数域应用重力归一化总梯度及相位法研究了4种典型的台阶模型,讨论了GH场等值线和相位曲线与台阶断面的对应关系;应用该方法对大庆探区外围丹青河林场—道台桥剖面（简称DB4剖面）野外实测的高精度重力数据进行处理,划分出8条断裂;通过与项目组大地电磁测深的反演结果进行对比,研究了依兰—依通断裂带、牡丹江断裂和勃利盆地的西缘边界断裂;综合重力与大地电磁测深数据,划分了剖面的构造分区并作出地质解释。由于断裂构造与生油凹陷的发育和油气圈闭的形成密切相关,笔者旨在研究DB4剖面的主要断裂和构造特点,从而为在大庆探区外围进一步优选油气区提供地球物理佐证。     

肯尼亚Anza盆地东南部重力场及构造特征

肯尼亚Anza盆地东南部地处东非裂谷系，发育了巨厚的中—新生界沉积盖层。然而，该区域勘探程度较低，制约了对其构造体系的认识及油气勘探潜力的评价。文章基于研究区的重力异常数据，针对其构造特征的认识进行了数据处理及解释。研究结果表明，受中非剪切带右旋剪切应力的影响，研究区发育规模较大的北西向基底断裂和规模较小的北东向盖层断裂，且北东向断裂切断北西向断裂；基底深度差异大，总体呈"两凹夹一隆"的特征，凹陷区沉积了巨厚的中—新生界盖层；受北西向拉张断裂和沿构造软弱带发育的北东向断裂的控制，研究区划分为东部凹陷、中部凸起、南部隆起和西部凹陷4个构造单元，呈现"东西分带、南北分块"的构造格局。      

合肥盆地基底构造属性

根据合肥盆地及周边地表地质、地震剖面、同位素测年及MT等新资料的综合研究,提出中-新生代合肥盆地的基底是一个不同构造类型基底的叠合与复合.上古生界以前的基底以六安断裂为界,其北为华北板块陆壳型-过渡壳型结晶基底及其上的华北克拉通-被动大陆边缘盆地沉积的上元古-下古生界基底;其南为大别型结晶基底及其上的北淮阳弧后盆地沉积的上元古-下古生界变质基底,而上古生界基底属于弧后前陆盆地型沉积.六安断裂是合肥盆地部位北大别弧、北淮阳晚元古-早古生代弧后盆地在早古生代晚期-晚古生代早期与华北板块的弧-陆碰撞缝合线.     

青藏高原羌塘盆地重磁剖面异常与基底构造特征

以穿越羌塘盆地的实测重磁剖面数据为基础,密切结合平面重磁异常资料,通过对重磁异常特征进行分析,采用位场转换和正反演拟合计算方法,推断了羌塘盆地的基底埋深、断裂构造及盆地样式,并对盆地的油气远景进行了探讨。认为南羌塘基底埋深浅,呈台阶状,且构造复杂,北羌塘埋深深,其间的龙木错-双湖构造带有明显的重磁异常显示。     

银根盆地基底构造特征及其控盆意义

为了揭示基底构造与盆地形成演化的关系,从重力、磁力、大地电磁测深、地震、钻井资料入手,研究银根盆地的基底构造特征,并发现其成盆作用与基底构造之间的动力学关系。认为银根盆地具有双重基底,结晶基底为块状结构,褶皱基底为层状结构。盆地演化经历了区域隆起阶段(AnC)、古裂谷盆地形成阶段(C-P)、三叠-侏罗纪隆起阶段(T-J)、裂谷盆地发育阶段(K₁b-K₁s)和坳陷阶段(K₂-E)。     

基于重磁多尺度边缘检测的庐枞盆地基底构造研究

庐枞盆地位于怀宁-庐江“磁高重高”区域异常带的枞阳-庐江异常区,其区域重力场特征与区域磁场特征明显。本文利用上述特征异常,采用重磁多尺度边缘检测方法,对庐枞盆地重力和航磁数据进行了边缘检测,得到庐枞盆地不同深度的密度和磁性信息及重磁异常边界。结合重磁异常分布特点进行构造格架的推断、基底隆起区划分,建立了庐枞盆地构造格架。认为庐枞盆地基底断裂有四组方向,以北东走向断裂为主;盆地包含四块基底隆起区和一块基底残块隆起区。在此基础上,分析了庐枞盆地主要矿集区与构造格架的关系,提出了“S”形重力高异常带是寻找中深部隐伏矿床的有利部位的新认识。     

乍得Bongor盆地基岩潜山储层特征与影响因素研究

基岩潜山油气藏是油气勘探的重要领域。本文以覆盖Bongor盆地主要潜山构造带的高精度三维地震资料,近百口基岩钻井的岩心资料和系统解释成果为基础,对基岩储层的特征、展布规律及影响因素进行精细研究。通过开展岩心观察和镜下分析,明确了Bongor盆地基岩以花岗岩、正长岩和二长岩等岩浆岩和混合花岗岩、片麻岩等变质岩为主,基岩储集空间以破碎的粒间孔、构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞为主。主要潜山带上的基岩钻井揭示潜山储层纵向上具有分带性,位于潜山顶部的风化壳和破碎带储集条件好,向下进入潜山内部储集条件逐步变差,平面上基岩储层分布广泛,但非均质性强,不同构造部位储层厚度和品质差异较大。通过对潜山构造带的构造恢复和地震、测井、岩心综合研究,明确Bongor盆地潜山储层主要受古构造位置、基岩岩性与矿物成分及构造活动的影响。位于构造高部位的潜山较低部位潜山基岩储层更为发育。长英质矿物较铁镁质矿物脆性强,应力作用下容易产生裂缝,沿着裂缝发生溶蚀而形成孔洞,富长英质矿物层段比铁镁质矿物层段储层品质更好。受构造活动的影响,主要断裂带附近构造裂缝发育,现今最大主应力方向与主要裂缝方向接近,有利于裂缝的张开与保存。基岩储层特征与影响因素的研究为潜山目标评价和钻前储层预测提供了可能。     

Dinantian sedimentation and the basement structure of the Derbyshire Dome

The depositional history of the Dinantian on the Derbyshire Dome can be divided into three phases: (1) pre-Holkerian: onlap of an irregular basement surface by evaporite and carbonate sediments, (2) Holkerian to Asbian: sedimentation on a carbonate shelf formed by the merging of early Dinantian depocentres following burial of the basement topography, and (3) Brigantian: formation of intrashelf basins and the development of a carbonate ramp on part of the pre-existing shelf. A model of the basement structure underlying the Derbyshire Dome is presented to explain the location of the Brigantian intrashelf basins and carbonate ramp. The basement consists of two main tilted fault blocks separated by a smaller tilt block. Movement on faults bounding the tilt blocks caused the development of intrashelf basins. The basin margins were controlled by structures which developed in the cover sediments. The carbonate ramp present during the late Brigantian developed in response to an eastward tilting of the basement.     

库车坳陷中段基底断裂特征及其对盐构造变形的影响

基底断裂对盐构造的形成演化过程有重要控制作用。针对库车坳陷盐构造最为发育的克拉苏构造带和秋里塔格构造带,运用最新的二维和三维地震资料解释方案,分析了基底断裂的几何学特征、形成过程,及其对后期盐构造变形的影响。结果表明：库车坳陷不同地区基底断裂和盐构造变形样式有较大不同;基底断裂几何样式的差异,是导致盐构造复杂多变的重要原因。基底断裂的活动一定程度上影响了原始盐层的沉积厚度,还控制了盐构造的发育位置和变形样式。物理模拟实验表明：基底断裂在后期变形中相对于无断裂区可优先活动,使盐下层构造变形的传播距离变大,而盐上层变形传播距离减小。此外基底断裂的活动还可促使断裂顶部盐上层的褶皱作用增强,并发育新的断层。有限元数值模拟实验表明：在构造挤压初期,即使是远离山前的秋里塔格构造带,基底断裂顶部也可出现明显的剪应力和应变增大区域,这是该地区盐构造规模宏大的重要原因。     

The role of fracturing and mineralogical alteration of basement gneiss in the oil exhsudation in the Sousa Basin (Lower Cretaceous), Northeastern Brazil

This work focuses the geological context of an oil sample obtained from an exhsudation in a superficial well, located at Salguinho Farm, Sousa Basin, at the central Borborema Province, Brazil. It is a light oil, with 81,1% of saturated compounds and a predominance of C17 and C23 n-paraffins, in which biomarkers point out to a non-biodegraded mature oil. Although the source rocks of this oil are unknown, the reservoir are metamorphic rocks from the basement, in a structural arch nearside the depocenter area of the basin. This lithology corresponds to ortho-derived gneiss strongly modified by ductile and brittle deformation (fracturing), as well as mineralogical alteration due to retrometamorphic and hydrothermal reactions. Here we emphasize and discuss the importance of such modifications underwent by the gneiss in the development of a propitious porosity and permeability for the further oil accumulation.     

低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地志靖-安塞地区延长组长9油层组为例

通过物性分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜技术、常规高压压汞技术、恒速压汞技术等,对选自鄂尔多斯盆地志靖-安塞地区长9段低渗透砂岩储层样品进行测试分析,获取储层孔隙、喉道的形态、类型、连通程度等信息,确定孔喉大小、分选情况和连通性的定量参数。研究表明,研究层位孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔、溶孔、微孔。将孔隙组合特征分为4种类型,储层孔隙结构具多样性。样品孔喉结构整体上具有大孔隙、细喉道的特点,微细喉道的发育是造成物性渗透率超低的主要原因。储层孔隙结构的多样性及不均一性是导致储层非均质性的主要原因。     

The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin

The origin of the Levantine Basin in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea is related to the opening of the Neo-Tethys. The nature of its crust has been debated for decades. Therefore, we conducted a geophysical experiment in the Levantine Basin. We recorded two refraction seismic lines with 19 and 20 ocean bottom hydrophones, respectively, and developed velocity models. Additional seismic reflection data yield structural information about the upper layers in the first few kilometers. The crystalline basement in the Levantine Basin consists of two layers with a P-wave velocity of 6.0–6.4 km/s in the upper and 6.5–6.9 km/s in the lower crust. Towards the center of the basin, the Moho depth decreases from 27 to 22 km. Local variations of the velocity gradient can be attributed to previously postulated shear zones like the Pelusium Line, the Damietta–Latakia Line and the Baltim–Hecateus Line. Both layers of the crystalline crust are continuous and no indication for a transition from continental to oceanic crust is observed. These results are confirmed by gravity data. Comparison with other seismic refraction studies in prolongation of our profiles under Israel and Jordan and in the Mediterranean Sea near Greece and Sardinia reveal similarities between the crust in the Levantine Basin and thinned continental crust, which is found in that region. The presence of thinned continental crust under the Levantine Basin is therefore suggested. A β-factor of 2.3–3 is estimated. Based on these findings, we conclude that sea-floor spreading in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea only occurred north of the Eratosthenes Seamount, and the oceanic crust was later subducted at the Cyprus Arc.     

低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地志靖—安塞地区延长组长9油层组为例

通过物性分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜技术、常规高压压汞技术、恒速压汞技术等,对选自鄂尔多斯盆地志靖—安塞地区长9段低渗透砂岩储层样品进行测试分析,获取储层孔隙、喉道的形态、类型、连通程度等信息,确定孔喉大小、分选情况和连通性的定量参数。研究表明,研究层位孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔、溶孔、微孔。将孔隙组合特征分为4种类型,储层孔隙结构具多样性。样品孔喉结构整体上具有大孔隙、细喉道的特点,微细喉道的发育是造成物性渗透率超低的主要原因。储层孔隙结构的多样性及不均一性是导致储层非均质性的主要原因。     

On the use of gravity and magnetic anomalies for locating probable areas of metallic mineralization in South Sinai, Egypt

The present study deals with processing and interpreting the potential gravity and magnetic data in order to locate promising sites for metallic mineral occurrences in the basement rocks of South Sinai. Two promising sites were anticipated by combining the geophysical results and the available geological information. Each site was profiled and interpreted to the nearly approximated subsurface feature model, and the geometrical parameters of the expected subsurface structures may form mineralized bodies such as depth, thickness, width, dipping, density contrast, and magnetic susceptibility contrast could be delineated. Detailed ground Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Vertical Magnetic Gradient (VMG) methods were carried out in the site A2, eight VLF and VMG anomalies were determined, and their depths were calculated.     

褐煤孔隙结构及比表面积特征

为揭示褐煤孔隙结构及比表面特征,选取全国主要褐煤产地样品,进行煤岩显微组分含量测定和低温氮吸附实验,从吸附曲线形态、比表面积、孔径结构分布刻画煤储层微孔隙特征,探讨孔径结构与比表面积的关系,分析BET比表面积与煤岩显微组分的相关性。结果表明：褐煤低温液氮曲线形态大致可以分为无吸附回线、有拐点的吸附回线和无拐点的吸附回线3类;BET比表面积随BJH总孔体积的增加呈线性增加趋势,在2~10 nm范围内的孔径和比表面积关系可以分为正相关、负相关和复合相关3种;显微组分组和比表面积的相关性较弱,但比表面积与细屑体含量具有较好的线性关系。     

The major features of the crustal structure in north-eastern Venezuela from deep wide-angle seismic observations and gravity modelling

Venezuela is located on the plate boundary zone between the South American continent and the Caribbean plate. A relative movement of 2 cm/year is accommodated by a system of strike–slip faults running from the Andes to the Gulf of Paria. The Interior Range, a moderate-height mountain range, separates the Oriental Basin from the Caribbean. To the south, predominantly Precambrian rocks are outcropping in the Guayana Shield south of the Orinoco River. Results of deep wide-angle seismic measurements for the region were obtained during field campaigns in 1998 (ECOGUAY) for the Guayana Shield and in 2001 (ECCO) for the Oriental Basin. The total crustal thickness decreases from 45 km beneath the Guayana Shield, to 39 km at the Orinoco River, and 36 km close to El Tigre, in the center of the Oriental Basin. The average crustal velocity decreases in the same sense from 6.5 to 5.95 km/s. Detailed information was obtained on the velocity distribution within the Oriental Basin. Velocities are as low as 2.2 km/s for the uppermost 2 km, 4.5 km/s down to 4 km in depth, and a maximum depth of 13 km was derived for material with seismic velocities up to 5.9 km/s, interpreted as the base of the sedimentary basin. A gravimetric model confirms the structures derived from the seismic data. Discrete increases in sedimentary thickness along the basin may be associated to extension processes during the passive margin phase in the Cretaceous, or during earlier extension phases.