共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
在常温下、单轴加压下对两种岩石完整样品进行蠕变破坏过程中声发射活动实验.根据实验获得的数据讨论了蠕变三个阶段中声发射活动特征.在瞬态蠕变阶段,随着加载,声发射活动逐渐增强;在稳态蠕变阶段,在较低的声发射活动背景上,可能出现较强的信号,声发射幅值-频度关系的 m 值可能稳定于某一低值,也可能下降;进入加速蠕变阶段,声发射活动水平增强,m 值下降加快,也可能表现为明显回升后再下降,并与岩石样品的性质有关.将蠕变破坏三个阶段中声发射活动与地震孕育过程中某些地震活动图象变化(如 b 值、前震活动)进行了联系,提出地壳岩石蠕变破坏机制形成前震——主震——(余震)型地震序列类型的可能性. 相似文献
3.
在常温下、单轴加压下对两种岩石完整样品进行蠕变破坏过程中声发射活动实验.根据实验获得的数据讨论了蠕变三个阶段中声发射活动特征.在瞬态蠕变阶段,随着加载,声发射活动逐渐增强;在稳态蠕变阶段,在较低的声发射活动背景上,可能出现较强的信号,声发射幅值-频度关系的 m 值可能稳定于某一低值,也可能下降;进入加速蠕变阶段,声发射活动水平增强,m 值下降加快,也可能表现为明显回升后再下降,并与岩石样品的性质有关.将蠕变破坏三个阶段中声发射活动与地震孕育过程中某些地震活动图象变化(如 b 值、前震活动)进行了联系,提出地壳岩石蠕变破坏机制形成前震—主震—(余震)型地震序列类型的可能性. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
结合实例对岩石三轴实验数据的一些主要特点和适合应用的领域进行了探讨。结果为:①岩石的三轴抗压、抗剪强度随围压(或深度)的增大而增大。低围压时,呈线性增大;当围压超过某一值后,变为增长率逐渐下降的非线性增大;至更高围压后,抗压强度与围压的应力差、抗剪强度将趋于某一常数。②岩石的单轴强度是强度中的极小值。工程应用中应采用三轴强度,以降低造价、避免浪费。③在现有的各种岩石力学实验方法中,三轴实验得出的凝聚力C和内摩擦角Φ相对最准确。④岩石三轴实验数据在与地学相关的领域内有着广泛的用途。 相似文献
7.
文中采用尺寸为50mm×50mm×150mm的花岗闪长岩、大理岩以及砂岩3种不同的岩石样品,开展了超声尾波和声发射同步观测研究。结果显示:1)尾波变化与声发射演化过程存在良好的对应关系,声发射频度增加时尾波的变化随之改变,尤其是声发射频度增加的早期阶段尾波便出现变化。这预示了分析尾波可获得岩石早期的损伤信息。2)不同变形阶段,尾波变化的物理机制不同。加载初期,尾波变化存在明显的散射体改变特征;随后,在线弹性变形阶段则以波速变化为主;加载后期,散射体的改变增加,且与波速变化共存,散射体的改变效应与岩石微破裂的程度有关。3)随着载荷的增加,波速增加的幅度总体呈逐渐减小的趋势,这与通过直达波获得的认识基本一致。4)岩石变形过程中产生的微破裂会改变尾波变化的物理机制,散射体效应将显著增强。同时,声发射波形将对超声尾波造成干扰,因此在仅利用尾波资料分析岩石损伤时需要关注相关的问题。总之,超声尾波变化和声发射均可反映岩石内部的损伤情况,且不同的变形阶段尾波的变化机制不同,二者的联合观测可起到相互验证的作用,有利于提高观测结果的可靠性。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
本文利用双轴摩擦实验对含水条件下岩盐断层带摩擦滑动性状进行了实验研究, 观测和分析了摩擦滑动过程中的声发射活动, 并利用扫描电镜分析了断层带的微观变形结构.结果表明, 含水岩盐断层带在伴随黏滑的速度弱化域和伴随稳定滑动的速度强化域, 摩擦过程中均产生了大量声发射事件; 黏滑过程与稳滑过程中的小声发射事件存在共同之处, 即两者均表现为能级低; 但黏滑过程中的小声发射事件的优势频率既有低频(10 kHz左右)和中频(100 kHz左右), 也有高频(370 kHz左右), 而在稳定滑动过程中, 小声发射事件的优势频率仅有低频和中频, 缺少高频事件.这种差异与两者变形主导机制的不同密切相关.在断层黏滑循环中, 接近摩擦峰值时声发射发生率明显增加, 但高频事件减少、中频和低频事件增加; 进入亚失稳阶段后, 声发射只有低频和中频信号, 几乎不再出现高频信号.这种差异与断层带变形方式的变化密切相关.
相似文献11.
The spatial and temporal distributions of acoustic emission (AE) during the deformation of samples containing an inhomogeneous fault have been studied under biaxial compression. The results show that the fault strength and the duration from loading to failure increase and the failure mode changes from abrupt instability to gradual failure with increase of lateral stress σ2. The pre-setting fault and its heterogeneity play an important role in controlling AE spatial distribution during the deformation. The basic pattern of AE spatial distribution is controlled by the pre-setting fault, especially the parts with inhomogeneous strength and the strong segment, and the localization of fracturing starts from the positions with inhomogeneous strength, With increase of σ5, the dense AE distribution area spreads from the positions with inhomogeneous strength to the whole strong segment gradually. AE temporal sequence is significantly affected by σ2. The fault shows abrupt instability in final failure, which occurs on a background of "enhancement-quiescence" in microfracturing activity at lower σ2. At higher σ5, the fault shows gradual failure, and AE occurrence rate increases continuously and AER increase exponentially before and after the failure, The effect of σ2 on b-value is also remarkable, b-value shows precursory decrease in the weakening stage when fault behavior is abrupt instability, but it shows balanced change when fault behavior is gradual failure, 相似文献
12.
LIU SiBing HUANG SiJing SHEN ZhongMin Lü ZhengXiang SONG RongCai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1077-1092
Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolution, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = 2.14‰, δ18O = -5.77‰), and was precipitated early. It was precipitated directly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid(δ18O = -3‰), which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = -2.36‰, δ18O = -15.68‰). This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the burial process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite cements in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone(δ13C = 1.93‰, δ18O = -6.11‰), demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio(δ18O of about 2.2‰). The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratios during cement precipitation reflect the influences of different water-rock interaction systems or different water-rock interaction strengths. This is the main reason why the sandstone containing many rigid particles(lithic quartz sandstone) has a relatively negative carbon isotope ratio and why the precipitation fluid in calcarenaceous sandstone has a relatively heavier oxygen isotope ratio. 相似文献
13.
随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧,城市化地区水文过程受到较大影响,极端水文事件发生频率显著加大,探究城市化地区洪水演变和驱动机理对于防洪减灾具有重大意义。本文以长江下游快速城市化地区的秦淮河流域为例,分析了1987—2018年期间该流域年最大日径流的演变特征,构建多元线性回归模型和广义可加GAMLSS模型识别了关键驱动因子并量化其贡献作用。结果表明:(1)城市化背景下秦淮河流域年最大日径流呈现显著上升趋势,平均增长速率为14.77 m3/(s·a),并于2001年发生显著突变。(2)汛期降水量和不透水面率是年最大日径流变化的关键驱动因素,最优模型显示前者贡献率超过了70%,表明了降水改变的决定性作用,而不透水面率贡献率超过20%则表明了下垫面的改变对年最大日径流演变存在显著影响。(3)不透水面的增加对年最大日径流和汛期降水量响应关系的影响程度从突变前的6.7%增加到突变后的10.4%,快速城市化已显著改变了流域降水-径流响应过程。研究表明,随着城市发展秦淮河流域的年最大日径流受到人类活动显著影响,洪涝威胁日趋增大,研究结果可为城市化地区防洪减灾提供一定参考。 相似文献