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利用最新的重磁数据对冲绳海槽南部的基底构造进行了推断解释,研究表明,在冲绳海槽南部,莫霍面构造为一南北两端高,中间低的鞍状构造,地壳厚度在15.5~21 km之间变化.基底深度一般在4~6 km之间变化,表现为南段深度大,北段深度小,在北西向断裂系的作用下,基底局部构造大都成北西向展布,说明冲绳海槽早期的北东向带状构造受到了后期的北西向构造活动的强烈改造作用.在冲绳海槽南部发育有两条沿北北东向展布的火成岩带,一条分布在冲绳海槽扩张轴以东及琉球岛弧西侧下坡;另一条分布在冲绳海槽与琉球岛弧隆褶带的结合部位,火成岩主要是由北东向构造活动产生的,而与北西向断裂关系不密切. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽火山岩Sr-Nd同位素特征及U系年龄 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对冲绳海槽北段和中段的火山岩进行了U系年代及Sr-Nd同位素组成分析. 其中, 海槽北段火山岩(特别是关于黑色浮岩)年龄与Sr-Nd同位素数据以前未见报道. 根据测得年龄数据结合相关同位素组成, 作者进一步讨论了冲绳海槽岩浆演化过程认为: 海槽晚更新世以来有一期广泛的酸性火山喷发活动; 酸性岩石可进一步分成三类; 冲绳海槽岩浆物质来源于PREMA地幔源区, 海槽北、中段岩浆演化过程相似, 但与海槽南段岩浆作用差异明显; 吕宋岛弧与琉球岛弧的碰撞终止了冲绳海槽南段张裂, 直到早更新世. 相似文献
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北京地区新构造运动特征 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:11
根据北京地区构造演化、断裂活动、新构造运动、现代构造运动及地震活动等新资料,认为本区南、北段新构造运动特征存在明显差异,南段新构造活动较北段弱,未来地震危险性亦然 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从前人地表地质、地球化学探测与构造年代学,形变资料等方面入手,结合遥感影像信息,对郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动性进行了系统分析;在总结前人研究成果基础上,对其活动性差异的成因进行了探讨。结果表明:郯庐断裂带江苏段在第四纪新构造运动时期总体活动性不强,表现为右旋走滑性质。断裂以宿迁为界具有明显的分段活动差异性——北段较强,南段较弱;在北华北块体内部,郯庐断裂带通过其活动性的分段差异调节次一级块体的不同方向位移;枣庄—宿迁断裂对郯庐断裂带的切割及其左旋走滑调节作用是郯庐断裂带江苏段活动差异性的主要成因。 相似文献
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基于多源数据资料,揭示了冲绳海槽海底地形地貌特征.提出确定大陆坡折点、大陆坡脚点、中轴点和最深点的计算方法.通过对48条横穿大陆坡的剖面的计算,确定了东海大陆坡折点及连线、大陆坡脚点及连线;通过对39条横穿冲绳海槽轴部地形剖面的计算和综合分析确定了冲绳海槽最深点、中轴点及连线.大陆坡折线是陆架与陆坡的分界线,东海大陆坡折线总体位于200 m水深,在海槽北段至中段连续,在海槽南段跳跃.大陆坡脚线是陆坡与海槽底部的分界线,其水深自冲绳海槽北向南逐渐加深,南部大陆坡被海底峡谷强烈切割,导致大陆坡脚点分布复杂.横穿海槽北部、中部和南部的地形剖面分别呈现为W型、复合W型及U型特征,导致中轴点在海槽中部与北部多分布在海山峰及线性海山脊,在南部多分布于雁行洼地中央,由中轴点形成的中轴线是冲绳海槽东西向分界线,也表明海槽是东海大陆架向东延伸的天然分隔.海平面波动、海底峡谷影响了大陆坡折线和大陆坡脚线分布,构造和沉积控制了中轴线的分布. 相似文献
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文中涉及的东海地区主要包括东海大陆架和冲绳海槽。该区的地质构造基本属于中国东部大陆向海域延伸的部分,新生代发育东海陆架盆地、钓鱼岛隆褶带和冲绳海槽盆地。由于东海位于大陆板块及其与菲律宾海板块接合的地带,中新世中期以来的新构造运动及其产生的地质构造具有独特性和复杂性。在充分解读前人有关资料和研究成果的基础上,从构造地貌、地质构造、岩浆活动和地震活动性等方面,对东海地区新构造运动的特征进行了较为系统而深入的分析研究,并在此基础上探讨了该区新构造运动的动力条件,取得了一些初步认识。东海地区新构造运动开始于中新世中期,构造应力作用由原先左旋剪切拉张转为左旋剪切挤压;区内新构造运动性质具有非一致性,东海陆架盆地表现整体微向SE倾斜下沉活动,冲绳海槽为主动机制的地壳拉张裂陷运动,钓鱼岛褶皱带具侧向挤压拱曲隆升活动;活动断裂以NNE和NE向为主,基本分布在东海陆架盆地以东地区,尤其是冲绳海槽;岩浆作用和地震活动也主要分布在东海陆架盆地东边,特别是冲绳海槽;东海地区的新构造运动,是菲律宾海板块往东海陆架之下俯冲导致弧后地幔隆起,引起冲绳海槽NWSE向扩张,及与青藏高原东边地块被侧向挤出推动华南地块往东南运动共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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北京八宝山断裂和黄庄—高丽营断裂构造活动性的初步分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文根据近期取得的一些新资料并结合前人的工作结果,分析了八宝山断裂和黄庄-高丽营断裂的构造活动性。新生代时期,黄庄-高丽营断裂是北京拗陷的主要西界断裂,八宝山断裂的活动远不及它强烈,前一条断裂活动强烈的部分随时间具有自南而北转移的特点。两条断裂第四纪均有活动,但八宝山断裂活动主要在早更新世,此后活动甚弱;黄庄一高丽营断裂中更新世仍显著活动,其北段活动持续到晚更新世甚至全新世。黄庄-高丽营断裂的活动强度,总体表现南弱北强;活动时间南部早而北部延续到很晚;活动性质,中段和南段右旋水平剪切显著,北段的垂直差异活动占优势。 相似文献
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SHOICHI KIYOKAWA TAKASHI ITO MINORU IKEHARA KOSEI E. YAMAGUCHI SHOICHIRO KOGE RYO SAKAMOTO 《Island Arc》2012,21(2):118-147
The Dixon Island Formation of the coastal Pilbara Terrane, Western Australia is a 3.2 Ga volcanic–sedimentary sequence influenced by syndepositional hydrothermal activity formed in an island‐arc setting. We documented lateral variations in stratigraphy, hydrothermal alteration, and biological activity recorded in the sedimentary rocks (over several kilometers), with the aim of identifying areas of biological activity and related small‐scale structures. The Dixon Island Formation comprises volcaniclastics, black chert, and iron‐rich chert within seven tectonic blocks. Based on detailed geological mapping, stratigraphic columns, carbon isotope composition, and organic carbon (Corg) content, we found lateral (>5 km) variations in stratigraphy and carbon isotope compositions in a black chert sequence above the Mesoarchean seafloor with hydrothermal activity. Two felsic tuff layers are used as stratigraphic marker beds within a black chert sequence, which was deposited on altered volcanic rocks. The black chert sequence in each tectonic block is 10–20 m thick. Thickness variations reflect topographical undulations in the paleo‐ocean floor due to faulting. Early‐stage normal faults indicate extensional conditions after hydrothermal activity. Black chert beds in the topographically subsided area contain higher Corg contents (about 0.4 wt%) than in areas around the depression (<0.1 wt%). Carbon isotope compositions for the black chert vary from ?40 to ?25‰, which are similar to values obtained for a black chert vein within the komatiite–rhyolite tuff sequence (underlying the black chert sequence). Those for other rock types in the Dixon Island Formation are ?33 to ?15‰. Results indicate that deformation occurred soon after the final stages of hydrothermal activity. After this early‐stage deformation, organic‐rich sediments were deposited over an area several kilometers across. The organic‐rich sediments indicate stagnant anoxic conditions that resulted in the deposition of siliceous and organic matter from hydrothermal vein systems. When hydrothermal activity terminated, normal faulting occurred and organic matter was deposited from the sea surface and silica from the seafloor. 相似文献
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1 Introduction The Okinawa Trough(OT) extends for ~1200 km between Taiwan and Kyushu, and is an incipient back-arc basin bounded by the Ryukyu Arc to the south and east, and by Diaoyudao Uplift Belt[1,2] (Tai- wan-Sinzi Belt[3]) to the north and west. Drastic faults and volcanic activities are the typical features in the OT. Generally, the OT is divided into three segments (north, middle and south) by the Tokara Strait and Kerama Gap[4]. The geological features, such as tec- tonics, m… 相似文献
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H.Gary Greene Donald L. Tiffin Chris O. McKee 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1986,30(3-4)
Recent seismic and tectonic activity in Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea, suggests that magma is accumulating at a shallow depth beneath this partially submerged structure and that a new volcano may be developing. Changes in onshore elevation since 1971 (as much as 2 m on south Matupit Island) indicate that rapid and large-scale uplifts have occurred on the seafloor near the center of the caldera. The frequency of seismic events within the caldera has also increased during this period. Earthquake locations define an elliptical ring surrounding the center of this uplift within the caldera.A marine geophysical survey in 1982 by the U.S. Geological Survey's R/V “S.P. Lee” in Rabaul Caldera shows the development of a bulge in the seafloor near the center of the caldera. High-resolution seismic reflection profiles show that this bulge consists of two domal uplifts bounded and separated by two major north-south-trending fault zones. Deformed sediments overlie these zones; a prominent slump flanks the area of the bulge.Five major acoustic units were identified in the seismic reflection profiles: an acoustic basement and four sedimentary units consisting of irregularly layered, cross-layered, contorted, and well-layered sequences. The acoustic basement is probably composed of crystalline volcanic rocks, and the layered acoustic units are probably sediments, primarily ash deposited in different environments. The cross-layered, irregularly layered, and contorted units appear to have been deposited in a dynamic environment subjected to strong currents, seismicity, and/or mass wasting, while the well-layered units were deposited in a low-energy environment. Locally, well-layered sequences interfinger with the other sedimentary units, indicating a transitional environment that alternated between high-energy and low-energy depositional processes.A submarine channel cuts most of the acoustic units and appears to be the conduit for sediment transport out of the caldera; it occupies an older buried channel north of the caldera that is presently being exhumed. In the south, active erosion of well-layered sediments is taking place. What are believed to be several young volcanic cones also disrupt the depositional layers.We conclude that the bulge in the seafloor and the associated fault zones are a result of emplacement of magma at a shallow depth. Contorted sediment and slumps adjacent to the bulge are probably the result of uplift and seismic activity. The pattern of seismicity appears to reflect increased magma pressure at depth beneath the caldera floor. This activity may eventually lead to an eruption. 相似文献
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Sr, Nd isotope geochemistry of volcanic rock series and its geological significance in the middle Okinawa Trough 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
There exists extensive basic-acidic volcanic rock series in the middle section of the Okinawa Trough. Different types of these
volcanic rocks have their own average strontium ratios of 0.704 749, 0.705 062, 0.708 771, 0.704 840 and 0.720 301 with average143Nd/144Nd ratios of 0.512 820, 0.512 673, 0.512 413, 0.512 729 and 0.512 034. These ratios of Sr and Nd isotopes all fall on a theoretic
hyperbolic curve of mixing between two end-members of MORB and rhyolitic magma. So we infer that these different kinds of
volcanic rocks in the middle Okinawa Trough are the erupted product in different stages of formation and evolution of the
trough crust. MORB magma, which had suffered assimilation, mixed with the early-formed crust-derived rhyolitic partial melt
mass at different ratios; then, these mixed magma erupted and formed volcanic rock types of the trough. This study indicates
that the Okinawa Trough is coming into a stage of submarine spreading from the stage of continental rift. 相似文献
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在总结、讨论冲绳海槽弧后张裂构造的地形地貌、地球物理场和动力背景特征的基础上,归纳出海槽北、中、南三段之间的差异,以及它们在陆坡、槽底、岛坡上的不同表现特征.槽底雁行排列的地堑及断层斜切入陆坡,伴随的断块隆眷作用往南加强,使得钓鱼岛一赤尾屿隆起带区别于其北边的陆架外缘隆起带,吕宋岛向台湾的碰撞挤压引起的旋张活动加强了海槽南段的地壳拉张,从北往南岛坡侧都可以追踪出双列岛孤特性.海槽内部构造现象不能为笼统的构造动力背景所能完全解释,需要对各个典型中央地堑的具体深入探测研究.鉴于地堑、地垒、断层以及它们所界定的构造单元和它们内部发生的岩浆作用各有特点,最后讨论了各个地段中央地堑的构造属性、动力要素的差异及变化规律,以期为海槽构造动力的进一步深入研究提供借鉴参考. 相似文献
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为了研究五大连池火山区尾山火山锥浅层三维波速结构特征,在尾山火山锥附近区域布设了无线地震检波器密集台阵,记录连续地震背景噪声波形数据.基于微动方法(拓展空间自相关方法)提取了台站间2~5 Hz频率范围的Rayleigh面波相速度频散曲线.利用面波层析成像方法反演获得2~5 Hz Rayleigh面波二维相速度图像,基于每一个网格节点的频散曲线,进一步反演获得了尾山火山锥附近区域地表至700 m深度的三维剪切波速度结构.成像结果显示:在0~150 m较浅深度,靠近尾山火山锥区域显示为相对高速异常,远离火山锥区域则显示为相对低速异常.而至150~700 m较深深度,波速异常特征与浅部相反,靠近尾山火山锥的区域显示为相对低速异常,远离火山锥的区域显示为相对高速异常.在远离尾山火山锥区域,浅层的相对低速异常可能与松散沉积层有关,深部的高速异常则反映了结晶变质岩的影响.在靠近尾山火山锥区域,浅部的相对高速异常应该反映了出露地表的玄武岩,而深部的相对低速异常则可能反映了火山通道周围广泛发育的破碎裂隙结构及其火山喷发后孔隙流体填充的影响. 相似文献
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利用四川数字地震台网和流动地震台站在芦山MS7.0地震震后(2013年4月20日—6月23日)记录到的2026次区域地震事件的28188条P波到时资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演得到了芦山地震震源区及其周边区域中上地壳P波三维速度结构. 结果表明,浅部地壳的P波速度异常分布特征与地表地质构造、 地形和岩性密切相关,即成都断陷盆地表现出与第四纪沉积有关的低速异常区;犍为、 乐山一带的川中微升区和川青块体龙门山以西的邻近地带均表现为与构造抬升有关的高速异常;宝兴、 康定附近分布的基性火山岩及火山碎屑岩均呈局部高速异常分布. 芦山地震震源位于高低速异常分界线附近且偏向高速体一侧,其下方存在明显的低速异常分布,可能与流体的存在有关. 流体的作用导致中上地壳内部发震层的弱化,使孕震断层易于破裂,可能对芦山地震起到了触发作用. 芦山地震与汶川地震两次地震的余震密集区相距50 km,这50 km地震空区震源体的深度范围附近目前正处于高速异常区内,加之龙门山断裂带西南段又具有比较典型的断错地貌发育,使得该段地震空区(大邑—邛崃活动断裂破裂空段)现在所处的深浅部构造环境变得复杂,其潜在的地震危险性仍值得进一步关注. 相似文献
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Understanding the dynamics and contamination of an urban aquifer system using groundwater age (14C, 3H,CFCs) and chemistry
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Jürgen Mahlknecht Arturo Hernández‐Antonio Christopher J. Eastoe Carol Tamez‐Meléndez Rogelio Ledesma‐Ruiz José A. Ramos‐Leal Nancy Ornelas‐Soto 《水文研究》2017,31(13):2365-2380
The quality of the groundwater supplying drinking water to the Guadalajara metropolitan area has deteriorated due to both endogenic and exogenic processes. Previous studies of this complex neotectonic volcanic environment suggest that the sources of contamination here are underground fluids derived from an active volcanic center and surface wastewater derived from regional land‐use intensification. This study uses isotopic, gaseous, and chemical signatures to more comprehensively characterize this groundwater flow and its contamination paths. Groundwater is mainly recharged at the La Primavera Caldera to the west and is discharged into the Santiago River to the east. The exception to this trend is the Toluquilla area, where groundwater most likely represents rainfall originating from outside the basin limits. Evaporation affects groundwater in these areas, especially waters that have been affected by recycling below urban areas in the Atejamac area and by intensive agricultural activity in the Toluquilla area. Additionally, we present evidence that groundwater flow through alluvial sediments and tuffs in deeper wells mixes with a lower aquifer unit in basaltic‐andesitic rocks, which are in contact with hydrothermal fluids. Groundwater ages range from postbomb in the western and northwestern regions of the study area (i.e., the Atemajac aquifer unit) to Late Pleistocene in the southern and southeastern regions (i.e., the Toluquilla aquifer unit). Recently recharged water records little mixing and is located mostly in or near the La Primavera volcanic system. As groundwater undergoes gravitational flow towards discharge areas, it mixes with older water components. Chloride and sodium concentrations above natural background levels are primarily related to volcanic activity, nitrate is associated with human activities, and sulfate originates from both anthropogenic sources and water–rock interactions. Nitrate originating from land‐use activities (such as sewers, septic tanks, landfills, and agricultural fields) that is introduced into the deeper part of the groundwater system is expected to travel with the groundwater to the discharge areas because oxidizing conditions will prevent microbial reduction. See Supplementary Information. 相似文献
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EARTHQUAKE-CAUSED SEISMIC VOLCANIC ROCKS AND THIXOTROPIC DEFORMATION OF SOFT SEDIMENTS IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS SHIJIATUN MEMBER,JIAOZHOU CITY
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A lot of seismic volcanic rocks and strong earthquake-induced thixotropic deformation structures in soft mud-sandy sediments(seismites)were identified from the Upper Cretaceous Shijiatun Member of the Hongtuya Formation for the first time in Jiaozhou City of the Zhucheng Sag, eastern China. Seismic volcanic rocks are volcanic rocks with co-seismic deformation structures which were produced by major earthquakes destroying volcano ejecta. Seismites are sediment layers with soft-sediment deformation structures formed by strong earthquake triggering saturated or semi-consolidated soft sediments to produce liquefaction, thixotropy, faults, cracks and filling and so forth. The Shijiatun Member of the Hongtuya Formation mainly consists of basaltic volcano rocks interbedded with mud-sandy(muddy sand and sandy mud)deposition layers of the river-lake facies. In the Shijiatun Member, main types of seismic volcanic rocks are shattered basalts with co-seismic fissures and seismic basaltic breccias. The thixotropic deformations of soft mud-sandy sediments mainly include thixotropic mud-sandy veins and thixotropic mud-sandy layers with tortuous boundaries. Under the strong earthquake action, saturated mud-sandy sediments could not be liquefied, instead resulting in thixotropy, i.e. their texture can be damaged and their flow-ability or rheology becomes strong. Because basaltic volcano rocks were damaged(shattered, seismic broken), a major earthquake can lead to thixotropic mud-sandy sediments flowing along seismic fissures in basalts, resulting in the formation of deformation structure of thixotropic veins, and boundaries between volcano rock and mud-sand layer became quite winding. Under the koinonia of gravity and vibration force, seismic breccia blocks sunk into thixotropic mud-sandy layers, resulting in the formation of inclusions of thixotropic mud-sandy sediments. Seismic intensity reflected by these strong earthquake records during the end stage of the Late Cretaceous was about Ⅶ to more than X degrees. The Shijiatun Member is mainly distributed in the south of the Baichihe fault in the northern Zhucheng Sag, and the fault has generated many strong tectonic and earthquake activities at the end of the late Cretaceous, also provided the channel for intrusion and eruption of basaltic magma then. At the end of the late Cretaceous, intermittent intrusion and eruption of basaltic magma took place along the Baichihe fault, meanwhile the volcano earthquakes took place or tectonic earthquakes were generated by the Baichihe fault which caused the deformation of the volcano lava and underlying strata of red saturated muddy-sand, resulting in the formation of various seismo-genesis deformations of volcanic rocks interbedded with mud-sandy sediment layers. Therefore, strong seismic events recorded by them should be responses to strong tectonic taphrogenesis of the Zhucheng Sag and intense activity of the Baichihe fault in the end of Late Cretaceous. In addition, these seismogenic deformation structures of rock-soil layers provide new data for the analysis of the failure effect produced by seismic force in similar rock-soil foundations. 相似文献