松南气田火山岩储层测井解释研究

火山岩储层总体属于低孔渗储层评价的范畴,由于测井含气响应远弱于岩石骨架响应,流体识别面临气、水层区别难的问题;由于岩性和孔隙结构复杂引起阿尔奇参数多变,测井解释面临饱和度定量计算精度不高等问题.针对上述问题,提出“定性解释与定量解释相互独立、相互验证”的火山岩测井解释原则.在气层识别方面,从重构孔隙度气层识别组合曲线、研究电阻率相对值、应用核磁测井技术以及分析储层含气丰度与测井响应差异等四个研究方向探索了不同储层的测井识别依据,根据上述研究成果,确定了5类储层的测井判别依据,实现了火山岩定性解释;在火山岩定量解释方面,由于电阻率曲线本身就是岩性和孔隙结构的综合反映,引入基于电阻率测井响应的可变m值阿尔奇计算公式,应用生产测试成果验证,证实该方法定量计算储层含气饱和度精度高.根据上述研究成果,系统建立了松南火山岩测井解释模型.应用新的火山岩储层测井解释方法,多口新井的测井预测结果被生产测试所验证,应用效果良好.     

水平井测井解释技术综述

水平井的大规模钻井和应用是二十世纪后期石油工业的一个亮点.水平井技术在新油田开发和老油田调整挖潜上成效显著,它可降低勘探开发成本、大幅度提高油气单井产能和采收率等.回顾了水平井及水平井测井解释发展历史,比较了垂直井和水平井测井及解释评价上的异同,分析了水平井测井环境以及测井解释所面临的问题,简述了一些水平井测井数据处理方法及综合解释中应注意的问题,最后根据我国目前的水平井测井解释现状分析了存在的问题,提出了今后发展的思路：以跟踪国外和创新发展国内水平井解释技术为目标,开展复杂条件下各种测井方法的正反演研究,研究各种环境影响因素的校正方法,注意多学科的交叉综合,结合垂直井测井解释经验和水平井测井的特点提高水平井测井解释水平.     

地层倾角测井自适应窗人机交互对比方法及地质解释

首先讨论倾角测井资料自适应窗人机交互式对比方法，依据地质背景资料对倾角测井电导率曲线进行粗略各层，然后电脑进行精细对比，最后人的知识和经验对比结果进行确认与解释，从而保证每个资料点比结果的可靠与客观性，同时讨论了智能型知识支持下的倾角测井资料交互式构造解释方法，采用人机交互技术识别地层倾角矢量模式组合，然后完成交互式地质解释过程，实践表明，上述方法在复杂地下地质条件和井眼条件下是一种有效而快速的方     

基于局部优化粒子群算法的背景噪声反演

从背景噪声中提取瑞雷波频散曲线并通过反演获得地下横波速度结构已被广泛应用于大尺度的地下结构探测和小尺度的工程勘探中.基于频散函数的反演目标函数可以有效解决多阶模频散曲线联合反演的模式误判问题, 然而其广泛分布的局部极值导致更为严重的多解性, 在大范围的参数搜索空间下很难获得最优解, 需要搭配全局搜索性能强的优化算法.本文提出局部优化粒子群算法(PSOG), 通过粒子迭代过程中引入局部优化方法提高种群多样性, 避免陷入局部极值并加快收敛速度.为验证新算法的有效性, 结合基于久期函数的目标函数对理论合成数据进行反演, 结果表明, 局部优化粒子群算法比传统算法的稳定性与准确性都有显著提高.处理了上海苏州河地区的背景噪声数据, 成功地对古河道切割造成的软弱层进行成像.PSOG算法与新型反演目标函数的结合在背景噪声勘探的工程应用上具有巨大潜力.

     

New combined log and tracer test interpretation method for identifying transfers in fissured aquifers

Tracer tests represent the most appropriate approach for assessing hydrodispersive parameters such as transversal and longitudinal dispersivities or kinematic porosity on an aquifer scale. They are generally carried out by injecting a tracer in a borehole and measuring its concentration over time in neighboring boreholes by extracted volume sampling or downhole measurements. Logging is one of the most suitable methods for evaluating fissured reservoirs. But short circuits between fractures with different hydraulic potential through boreholes induce mixing phenomena that cannot be avoided without packers. This mixing can shift the breakthrough curves deduced from the logs for each producing fracture and distort determination of their location.
The method proposed in this paper aims at measuring the flow rate and the solute breakthrough for hydraulically active fractures, in open boreholes. It involves estimating a velocity profile along the borehole column by the analysis of two successive logs: a shift function according to depth is thus determined by comparison between log portions on each successive one. The velocity gradients reflect the inward or outward flow rates produced by each fracture. On the basis of these flow rates, it is possible to determine the mixing effects inside the borehole and then to plot unbiased breakthrough curves for each producing fracture.
This method was applied at a granitic site in the eastern Pyrenees. In spite of some questionable limitations, the results showed that the method seems adapted to situations with many fractures. The precise hydraulic pattern which is obtained at the borehole scale is discussed in terms of a dual porosity model. Furthermore, interpretation of the breakthrough curves for fractures corrected for mixing effects revealed that Peclet numbers are strongly underestimated if this phenomenon is not considered.     

井间地震资料精细解释方法研究与应用

井间地震资料分辨率很高,但是缺乏成熟的解释方法,本文针对井间地震资料的特点,借鉴地面地震解释技术对井间地震资料开展了精细解释方法研究.首先在深度域资料特点分析的基础上,利用区域速度和层析成像速度将深度域井间地震资料转换到时间域进行研究,并通过粗化降频建立起井间地震资料与地面地震资料之间的相似性联系,得到对井间地震低频反射特征的认识,结合井旁道合成地震记录标定建立起井间地震资料的反射特征,准确的解释了井间地震的反射层位.采用地震瞬时属性分析和时频属性分析得到了对沉积环境的认识,进一步通过波阻抗反演更好的认识井间储层特征.在实际应用中综合多种方法进行解释,并结合测井资料对比落实了井间砂体展布特征,得到对井间储层的精细描述结果,解决了两口井之间储层分布范围、横向连通性及厚度变化等问题,取得了较好的应用效果.     

The interpretation of the generalised derivative operator

The Generalised Derivative Operator is an image‐processing tool for the enhancement of potential field data. It produces an amplitude‐balanced image of the derivative of a potential field in any direction in three‐dimensional space. This paper shows how, by using the correct inclination angle ?, the Generalised Derivative Operator can be used to produce images where its maxima/minima lie directly over dipping contacts and thin dykes with arbitrary magnetisation vectors. The dip of contacts and dykes can be found by varying ? until a symmetrical result is obtained (in the absence of unknown remanent magnetisation). Furthermore, the width of the peak of the Generalised Derivative Operator can then be used to determine the depth of the contact or dyke.     

Pump-and-treat optimization using analytic element method flow models

Plume containment using pump-and-treat (PAT) technology continues to be a popular remediation technique for sites with extensive groundwater contamination. As such, optimization of PAT systems, where cost is minimized subject to various remediation constraints, is the focus of an important and growing body of research. While previous pump-and-treat optimization (PATO) studies have used discretized (finite element or finite difference) flow models, the present study examines the use of analytic element method (AEM) flow models. In a series of numerical experiments, two PATO problems adapted from the literature are optimized using a multi-algorithmic optimization software package coupled with an AEM flow model. The experiments apply several different optimization algorithms and explore the use of various pump-and-treat cost and constraint formulations. The results demonstrate that AEM models can be used to optimize the number, locations and pumping rates of wells in a pump-and-treat containment system. Furthermore, the results illustrate that a total outflux constraint placed along the plume boundary can be used to enforce plume containment. Such constraints are shown to be efficient and reliable alternatives to conventional particle tracking and gradient control techniques. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is identified as an effective algorithm for solving pump-and-treat optimization problems. A parallel version of the PSO algorithm is shown to have linear speedup, suggesting that the algorithm is suitable for application to problems that are computationally demanding and involve large numbers of wells.     

水淹层解释单元自动划分方法

本文针对目前水淹层定性解释中存在的技术难题,提出了沉积单元是控制河道砂体水淹级别分布的主要因素,认为不同沉积单元之间的水淹规律彼此独立,同一沉积单元内部水淹规律高度相关,而正确划分沉积单元是水淹层定性解释的关键.将地质上的沉积单元映射到测井曲线上,提出了解释单元的基本概念,利用稳定的泥岩隔层作为不同解释单元的分界标志,给出了利用电阻率曲线自动划分解释单元的方法与步骤.2口密闭取心井处理结果表明:该套方法可以有效地划分解释单元,与人工解释结果对比,符合率达到96.3％.     

重磁异常解释断裂构造的处理方法及图示技术

利用重磁异常解释断裂是地质构造研究的主要手段之一.重磁异常解释断裂通常是在等值线图或剖面平面图上进行的,而重磁异常在进行等值线网格化成图时会造成微弱信息丢失,这些原因造成重磁异常解释断裂的多解性.本文对重磁异常数据在化极、曲面延拓处理的基础上,采用水平梯度法提取延拓曲面上的重磁异常梯度带,之后对断裂带进行窄化处理,通过图示技术将重磁异常数据转换成灰度值,图像的灰度值以变密度显示,形成彩色的变密度图像,这样就提高了数据图像识别断裂的视觉效果.该方法应用在鄂尔多斯盆地不同层次(时间序列)的断裂研究中,提取和识别重磁异常特征所反映的断裂信息,效果较好.     

成像测井解释模式在基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的应用研究

基岩油气藏裂缝性储层具有复杂的储集空间和储层非均质性,为了实现对基岩油气藏储层的精细评价,以地层微电阻率扫描成像测井和井周声波成像测井资料为核心,通过岩心资料标定,结合录井、常规测井、试油、地质等实际资料,系统建立了基岩油气藏变质岩储层的成像测井解释模式.根据成像测井模式的识别实现了对基岩油气藏特征的认识、准确的裂缝分析和现今地应力场分析.分析结果表明,研究区基底变质岩地层中基本以基岩内幕油气藏为主;裂缝以中高角度缝、网状裂缝为主,其主要走向与井旁断层走向大致平行,属纵裂缝;裂缝主要发育在东西两侧靠近断层、近源的构造陡坡上;现今最大水平主应力方向主要呈NE-SW和NEE-SWW.成像测井解释结果与地质情况吻合较好.