2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震震源位置及震源区速度结构联合反演

利用震源位置和速度结构的联合反演,得到了2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列的震源位置及震源区速度结构.结果表明,鲁甸地震序列呈共轭分布,余震主要分布在NNE向包谷垴—小河断裂上,另一小部分分布在近EW向的共轭未知断裂上.震源深度剖面结果显示包谷垴—小河断裂是一个走向NNW、高倾角、且倾向为SWW的断裂.震源区地壳结构复杂,存在大面积高速区,地震主要分布在P波速度较高的地区.     

2014年川滇交界东段鲁甸M_S 6.5地震序列重新定位及发震构造分析

为了研究鲁甸M_S 6.5地震的余震空间分布特征和探讨震区深部发震构造,本文利用四川、云南省固定地震台网观测资料和震后流动监测资料,采用双差定位方法对2014年8月3日至11日期间发生的鲁甸M_S 6.5主震及506个M_l≥1.5余震序列进行重新定位,获得了359个事件的重定位结果.研究结果显示:鲁甸主震的震源深度为13.8 km,与震源破裂过程显示的初始破裂深度较为接近,余震序列分布纵剖面还显示出余震主要分布在主震上方,且余震序列呈现出近EW向和NW向的不对称共轭状分布,优势分布方向为NW向的地震序列延展范围约20 km左右,并与昭通—鲁甸断裂相交,近EW向地震序列的延展长度约16 km左右.其中,在垂直NW向密集条带的震源深度剖面上,余震序列呈近于直立的条带状聚集,且余震序列震源深度分布的优势区间为3~15 km,较浅的震源深度说明了地震事件大多发生在脆性上地壳内部.地震重定位结果还表明了发震断层呈现高倾角分布的特征,结合震源机制解和地面地震地质调查及科考成果,综合表明和论证了此次鲁甸MS6.5地震的发震断层与NW向的包谷垴—小河断裂密切相关.     

2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列重定位研究

利用云南省测震台网的连续波形数据及震相报告,使用川滇三维速度结构对2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震进行重新定位,并使用双差定位方法对2014年8月3～13日期间的地震序列进行重定位,共获得882次地震的定位结果,定位残差由0.59 s下降为0.33 s,定位精度得到改善.结果表明,余震分布明显呈现两个优势方向,分别为NNW向及NEE向分支,NNW向分支为主要的余震分布区域,与包谷垴—小河断裂相近,其东南端很有可能跨过昭通—鲁甸断裂,展布长度约15 km.结合地质等方面资料,认为本次地震的发震断层应为包谷垴—小河断裂,主破裂区应为NNW向分支展布区域,且序列分布的南端和东侧区域可能存在危险性.     

云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震余震重定位及其发震构造

整合了鲁甸震区周边的云南省地震台网、昭通市地震台网、巧家台阵,以及流动台站2个月的震相观测数据,对鲁甸地震序列进行了重新定位,得到了1 750个地震的震源参数。重定位结果显示,余震有2个优势分布方向,分别为SE向和SW向,具有不对称的共轭分布特征。2个余震条带的展布长度相当,约为16km,夹角约100°。余震分布显示鲁甸地震的发震断层为高倾角的走滑断层。主震位于2个余震条带中间略偏西南的位置,早期余震主要沿NW-SE向垂直于昭通-鲁甸断裂分布,主震西南侧的余震可能为后期触发的。根据余震分布与周边断层的关系、主震震源机制、烈度分布的长轴方位,以及滑坡分布等资料,认为鲁甸地震的发震断层为NW向的包谷垴-小河断裂。包谷垴-小河断裂南北两侧无论是在地震活动、深部速度结构,还是块体运动方向和速率方面都存在显著差异,断裂北侧的高速异常可能是阻止余震向北继续扩展的主要原因。     

鲁甸地震发震断层自发破裂模拟

从弹性动力学方程出发模拟了鲁甸地震在包谷垴—小河断裂地震自发破裂过程,探讨影响鲁甸地震破裂的因素。研究结果表明:鲁甸地震的左旋走滑的震源机制以及震级主要是受背景应力场的影响,断层滑移分布受到断层几何结构、水平应力场方向及相对大小的影响,非平面复杂断层几何结构是导致鲁甸地震复杂的滑动位移分布的原因。     

山东济南4.1级地震序列重定位及其发震构造分析

利用山东省地震台网和流动台网的观测数据,采用双差定位方法对2020年2月18日山东济南4.1级地震序列进行了重定位,并结合震源机制解对发震构造进行分析。结果表明,重定位后的地震序列呈NW向分布,地震由浅部到深部破裂,破裂方式呈不对称的双侧破裂,震源深度优势范围为3～5 km。震源机制解显示地震序列的P轴方位角近EW向,T轴优势方位近SN向,与区域构造应力场一致。综合重定位后地震展布方向、深部构造形态、震源机制解特征,推测地震活动可能为区域构造应力作用下长清断裂及次级派生断裂活动的结果。     

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸MS6.5级地震序列重定位与震源机制研究

本研究采用双差定位法对2014年 8月3日至7日期间鲁甸M_S6.5级主震及647个余震序列进行重新定位,得到471个重定位结果.结果显示,主震的震源深度为13.3 km,与破裂过程显示的初始破裂深度较为接近,余震序列呈现出近东西向-北西向的不对称共轭状分布,近东西向长约17 km,而北西向长约22 km,小震优势分布深度为10 km以上,且由主震处沿共轭断层分别向东南向和近东西向逐渐往10 km深度以上的浅部迁移.小震分布还展示出发震断层高倾角分布,且与昭通-鲁甸断裂分支断裂包谷垴-小河断裂活动相关.由于主震破裂的质心深度可为深入认识本次地震灾害严重提供重要证据,为此我们采用gCAP（generalized Cut And Paste）方法反演了包括主震在内共5个4.0级以上地震的震源机制解,结果显示主震质心深度仅约5.0 km,与已有破裂过程显示的较大滑移量处于2~8 km之间的深度一致.本次主震错断了互为共轭的两条断裂,这种共轭破裂模式与矩心深度较浅,可能为本次地震致灾严重的重要原因.     

2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震发震构造特征及动力源分析

通过对2014年8月3日云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生的MS6.5地震的震源机制解、余震空间分布、活动断裂组合样式和区域构造背景等特征的综合分析表明:(1)根据主震及4级以上强余震的震源机制解、余震空间分布、烈度长轴方向,判断本次地震的发震断裂为NW向的包谷垴—小河断裂;(2)根据地表GPS水平运动速率及水平缩短速率的差异性、断裂组合样式和历史余震深度,判断发震断裂具有薄皮-同向差异逆冲型捩断层的特征;(3)包谷垴—小河断裂活动可能主要受深部的"管道流"控制,"管道流"自NW向SE方向运动,在昭通断裂带处受到华南板块的差异阻挡,造成包谷垴—小河断裂西侧管道流运动速率大于东侧管道,从而驱动包谷垴—小河捩断层的左旋滑动,导致了鲁甸地震的发生。     

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列破裂过程研究

本文利用主地震相对定位法,对2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震序列中的8月3日—9月30日地震进行了重新定位,借助于时空图像分析方法,对本次地震破裂过程进行了分析,得到如下结果:(1)2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震主要沿NW向破裂,存在沿NE向破裂的成分,但是NE向破裂并不明显;(2)地震破裂时,主要从主震震中处往ES方向传播,破裂带长度大约为10km,破裂面近乎直立;(3)余震活动主要集中于主震上方区域,震源深度大于主震的余震稀少.根据上述结果,结合当地的地震构造情况和本次地震的震源机制解,分析表明,本次地震的破裂面为NW向,其发震断层为包谷垴—小河断裂的可能性很大.     

鲁甸M_S 6.5地震前昆明地震台定点形变观测异常分析

2014年8月3日鲁甸MS 6.5地震前,昆明地震台形变观测4个分量出现短临异常,排除降雨干扰,结合发震断裂性质及相关研究,分析定点形变异常与该地震前地壳活动的内在联系。分析认为,鲁甸6.5级地震前1—2个月,昆明地震台定点形变观测资料异常较为显著,洞体应变NS分量异常突出,是定点形变投入观测以来的显著异常;形变观测资料异常特征与鲁甸地震发震断裂性质吻合较好;NS分量和EW向分量较好记录了此次鲁甸地震NNW—SSE向包谷垴—小河左旋走滑断裂和NEE—SWW向破裂断层的震前活动过程。     

MECHANISM OF THE 2015 PISHAN,XINJIANG, MS6.5 MAINSHOCK AND RELOCATION OF ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES

Using the digital broadband seismic data recorded by Xinjiang network stations, we obtained focal mechanism of the July 3 Pishan, Xinjiang, M_S6.5 earthquake with generalized Cut and Paste(gCAP)inversion method. The strike, dip and rake of first nodal plane are 97°, 27°, 51°, and the second nodal plane are 318°, 70°, 107°. The centroid depth and moment magnitude are calculated to be 12km and 6.4. Combining with the distribution of aftershocks, we conclude that the first nodal plane is the seismogenic fault, and the main shock presents a thrust earthquake at low angle. We relocated 1014 earthquakes using the double-difference algorithm, and finally obtained 937 relocated events. Our results show that the earthquake sequences clearly demonstrate a unilateral extension about 50km nearly in NWW direction, and are mainly located above 25km depth, especially the small earthquakes are predominately located at the shallow parts. Furthermore, the focal depth profile shows a southwestward dipping fault plane at the main shock position, suggesting listric thrust faulting, which is consistent with the dip of the mainshock rupture plane. The spatial distribution of aftershocks represents that the Tarim block was thrust under the West Kunlun orogenic belt. In addition, the dip angle of the fault plane gradually increases along the NWW direction, possibly suggesting a gradual increase of strike-slip component during the NWW rupturing process. From above, we conclude that the Pishan M_S6.5 earthquake is the result of Tibet plateau pushing onto the Tarim block from south to north, which further confirms that the continuous collision of India plate and Eurasia plate has strong influence on the seismic activity in and around the Tibet plateau.     

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸MW6.1（MS6.5）地震破裂过程

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸（M_W6.1,M_S6.5）地震是一次规模不大、但灾害严重的走滑型地震事件.受走滑型地震辐射图型的影响,远震地震资料在特定方位上信噪比不高,给此次地震发震断层面的确定造成了一些干扰.本文概述了鲁甸地震发生后2.4小时发布的作为地震应急响应的破裂过程快速反演工作,以及随后对反演结果的修订工作.修订结果中,两个双力偶节面的反演都显示破裂方向朝地表和走向方向扩展.结合现有的烈度分布和余震精确定位结果,根据破裂方向和烈度与余震分布的优势方向的一致性,确定鲁甸地震是发生在走向162°,倾角86°的近乎垂直于地面的以左旋走滑为主的断层面上的一次破裂事件.根据破裂过程反演得到的震源时间函数,大部分地震矩在破裂开始后2~5 s内集中释放. 比较集中的地震矩释放过程可能是此次地震面波震级明显高于矩震级,且造成严重地震灾害的原因之一.     

西南天山-帕米尔2008年10月5日MS6.7级地震震源机制研究

利用Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS)提供的远场宽频带P波及SH波记录,基于点源模型及有限断层模型方法,反演研究了2008年10月5日发生在中国天山与塔吉克斯坦交界区域的一次M_S6.7级地震震源机制.结果表明,本次地震为南倾高角度稍具小幅度走滑分量的逆冲破裂事件,断层走向为57.2°,倾角为42.7°,震源深度为7.4 km.根据研究结果,我们认为这是一次逆断层加小幅度走滑分量的地震事件,推断该地震可能与帕米尔向北北西方向挤压西南天山,在帕米尔-西南天山边界引发的逆冲断层活动有关.     

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE

Based on the phase report of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence M_L ≥ 1.0 was relocated by the HypoDD method. The results show that the aftershocks were distributed along NE and NW direction. The aftershocks were in the depths of 5~15km. In addition, by using the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the best double-couple focal mechanism of the main shock and some aftershocks of M_S ≥ 3.8 were determined by the CAP method. Based on the above studies, the source depth, focal mechanism and aftershock distribution of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake were analyzed and the seismogenic structure was discussed. The nodal plane parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanism are strike 144°, dip 26°, rake 118°, and strike 293°, dip 67°, rake 77°, respectively. The moment magnitude M_W is about 5.9, with centroid depth of 15.2km. These show that the main shock was a thrust type. Most focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks were shown as a thrust type, which are similar to the main shock. It is speculated that the possible seismogenic fault of this earthquake is the Huorgosi-Manas-Tugulu Fault.     

RELOCATION OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON 8 DECEMBER 2016 AND ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE

Based on the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence (M_L ≥ 1.0) was relocated precisely by HypoDD.The best double-couple focal mechanisms of the main shock and aftershocks of M_L ≥ 4.0 were determined by the CAP method. We analyzed the characteristics of spatial distribution, focal mechanisms and the seismogenic structure of earthquake sequence. The results show that the main shock is located at 43.775 9°N, 86.363 4°E; the depth of the initial rupture and centriod is about 15.388km and 17km. The earthquake sequence extends unilaterally along NWW direction with an extension length of about 15km and a depth ranging 5~15km. The characteristics of the depth profiles show that the seismogenic fault plane dips northward and the faulting is dominated by thrusting. The nodal planes parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanisms are:strike 292°, dip 62° and rake 80° for nodal plane I, and strike 132°, dip 30° and rake 108° for nodal plane Ⅱ, indicating that the main shock is of thrust faulting. The dip of nodal planeⅠis consistent with the dip of the depth profile, which is inferred to be the fault plane of seismogenic fault of this earthquake. According to the comprehensive analysis of the relocation results, the focal mechanism and geological structure in the source region, it is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake may be a backthrust on the deeper concealed thrust slope at the south of Qigu anticline. The earthquake is a "folding" earthquake taking place under the stress field of Tianshan expanding towards the Junggar Basin.     

2012年6月30日新疆新源-和静MS6.6 地震发震构造初步研究

2012年6月30日新疆维吾尔自治区新源-和静县交界发生M_S6.6地震,该地震是2010年青海玉树7.1级地震和2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震之间中国大陆发生的最大的地震.本文基于新疆数字地震台网记录的此次地震序列震相资料,分别用绝对和相对定位方法联合对其进行重新定位,重新定位后余震展布为NW向,主震位置为43.429°N,84.755°E,深度为21.8 km.基于新疆地震台网记录6.6级地震波形数据,本文用CAP方法反演了震源机制解和震源深度.结果显示：M_S6.6地震震源机制解：节面Ⅰ走向39°,倾角46°,滑动角12°,节面Ⅱ走向301°,倾角81°,滑动角135°;震源深度为21 km,与利用地震震相到时确定的主震震源深度基本一致.主震震源机制解的节面Ⅱ与伊犁盆地北缘断裂走向和倾角基本一致,综合精确定位余震展布和伊犁盆地北缘断裂性质分析认为,新源-和静M_S6.6地震发震构造是伊犁盆地北缘断裂,震源深度为21 km左右,是一个高角的内陆倾滑地震.     

2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震及其强余震序列重定位

本文采用云南测震台网的观测报告数据,利用双差定位方法对2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震及其强余震序列进行了重定位,获得了3 658个地震事件的震源参数。重定位后地震序列的震中分布显示,余震分布存在两个优势方向,分别为近EW向和SES向,呈共轭型分布,近EW向条带展布长度为30 km,SES 向条带展布长度为20 km;震源深度的分布显示,地震序列总体表现为主震附近震源较深,沿近EW向和SES向逐渐变浅,地震序列的震源深度主要分布在4—20 km范围内。截至2017年2月28日,鲁甸M_S6.5地震震源区共发生（同一天发生的一组地震算一次）M_S≥4.5强余震4次。重定位后的鲁甸4次强余震序列震中分布存在差异:2014年9月10日和10月27日两次强余震序列的展布特征与主震相同,而2016年和2017年另外两次强余震的后续余震仅分布在强余震的周边,与主震序列明显不同。综合重定位后余震序列分布、震源区地质调查资料以及前人研究认为,鲁甸地震的4次强余震序列是区域应力场和主震引发的震源区应力场共同作用的结果,2014年9月10日和10月27日的两次强余震序列主要受主震引发的震源区应力场的影响;而2016年和2017年两次强余震序列则主要受区域应力场的影响。      

MECHANISM OF THE 2016 HUTUBI,XINJIANG, MS6.2 MAINSHOCK AND RELOCATION OF ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES

A strong earthquake with magnitude M_S6.2 hit Hutubi, Xinjiang at 13:15:03 on December 8th, 2016(Beijing Time). In order to better understand its mechanism, we performed centroid moment tensor inversion using the broadband waveform data recorded at stations from the Xinjiang regional seismic network by employing gCAP method. The best double couple solution of the M_S6.2 mainshock on December 8th, 2016 estimated from local and near-regional waveforms is strike:271°, dip:64ånd rake:90° for nodal plane I, and strike:91°, dip:26ånd rake:90°for nodal plane Ⅱ; the centroid depth is about 21km and the moment magnitude(M_W)is 5.9. ISO, CLVD and DC, the full moment tensor, of the earthquake accounted for 0.049%, 0.156% and 99.795%, respectively. The share of non-double couple component is merely 0.205%. This indicates that the earthquake is of double-couple fault mode, a typical tectonic earthquake featuring a thrust-type earthquake of squeezing property.The double difference(HypoDD)technique provided good opportunities for a comparative study of spatio-temporal properties and evolution of the aftershock sequences, and the earthquake relocation was done using HypoDD method. 486 aftershocks are relocated accurately and 327 events are obtained, whose residual of the RMS is 0.19, and the standard deviations along the direction of longitude, latitude and depth are 0.57km, 0.6km and 1.07km respectively. The result reveals that the aftershocks sequence is mainly distributed along the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, extending about 35km to the NWW direction as a whole; the focal depths are above 20km for most of earthquakes, while the main shock and the biggest aftershock are deeper than others. The depth profile shows a relatively steep dip angle of the seismogenic fault plane, and the aftershocks dipping northward. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution features of the aftershocks, it is considered that the seismogenic fault plane may be the nodal plane I and the dip angle is about 271°. The structure of the Hutubi earthquake area is extremely complicated. The existing geological structure research results show that the combination zone between the northern Tianshan and the Junggar Basin presents typical intracontinental active tectonic features. There are numerous thrust fold structures, which are characterized by anticlines and reverse faults parallel to the mountains formed during the multi-stage Cenozoic period. The structural deformation shows the deformation characteristics of longitudinal zoning, lateral segmentation and vertical stratification. The ground geological survey and the tectonic interpretation of the seismic data show that the recoil faults are developed near the source area of the Hutubi earthquake, and the recoil faults related to the anticline are all blind thrust faults. The deep reflection seismic profile shows that there are several listric reverse faults dipping southward near the study area, corresponding to the active hidden reverse faults; At the leading edge of the nappe, there are complex fault and fold structures, which, in this area, are the compressional triangular zone, tilted structure and northward bedding backthrust formation. Integrating with geological survey and seismic deep soundings, the seismogenic fault of the M_S6.2 earthquake is classified as a typical blind reverse fault with the opposite direction close to the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, which is caused by the fact that the main fault is reversed by a strong push to the front during the process of thrust slip. Moreover, the Manas earthquake in 1906 also occurred near the southern marginal fault in Junggar, and the seismogenic mechanism was a blind fault. This suggests that there are some hidden thrust fault systems in the piedmont area of the northern Tianshan Mountains. These faults are controlled by active faults in the deep and contain multiple sets of active faults.     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震序列重定位和震源机制解研究

2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生M_S6.9地震,震后产生了长约22 km的地表破裂带,青海、甘肃和宁夏等多地震感强烈。本文基于区域地震台网资料,通过多阶段定位方法对门源M_S6.9地震早期序列（2022年1月8日至12日）进行了重定位,并利用gCAP方法反演了主震和M_S≥3.4余震的震源机制和震源矩心深度,计算了现今应力场体系在门源M_S6.9地震震源机制两个节面产生的相对剪应力和正应力。结果表明:门源M_S6.9地震的初始破裂深度为7.8 km,震源矩心深度为4 km,地震序列的优势初始破裂深度主要介于7—8 km之间,而M_S≥3.4余震的震源矩心深度为3—7 km;该地震序列的震源深度剖面显示震后24个小时内的地震序列长度约为25 km,与地表破裂带的长度大体一致,整体地震序列长度约为30 km,其中1月8日M_S6.9主震和M_S5.1余震位于余震区西段,1月12日M_S5.2余震位于余震区东段。2022年1月8日门源M_S6.9主震的震源机制解节面Ⅰ为走向290°、倾角81°、滑动角16°,节面Ⅱ为走向197°、倾角74°、滑动角171°,根据余震展布的总体趋势估计断层面走向为290°,表明此次地震为近乎直立断层面上的一次左旋走滑型事件;M_S≥3.4余震的震源机制解显示这些地震主要为走滑型地震,P轴走向从余震区西段到东段之间大体呈现NE向到EW向的变化。现今应力场体系在门源M_S6.9主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ上产生的相对剪应力为0.638,而在节面Ⅱ上的相对剪应力为0.522,表明这两个节面均非构造应力场的最大释放节面,这与2016年门源M_S6.4地震逆冲型震源机制为构造应力场的最优释放节面有着明显差异。结合地质构造、震源机制和余震展布,2022年1月8日门源M_S6.9主震的发震构造可能为冷龙岭断裂西段,其地震断层错动方式为左旋走滑。根据重定位结果、震级-破裂关系以及剪应力结果,本文认为门源地区存在一定的应力积累且应力未得到充分释放,该地区仍存在发生强震的危险。