港珠澳大桥岛隧工程沉管安装期激流观测与特征分析

在沉管安装船南北两侧分别布置了海流观测设备,通过数据实时传输,获取沉管南北两侧垂直方向上每米和每分钟的海流变化.E31管节沉放对接期间,在沉管周围观测到了明显大于正常流速的激流,这种激流具有突发性、瞬时性、随机性特征.激流的这种随机性使E31管节产生了异常晃动,给沉管施工带来一定风险.对外海深槽沉管沉放对接期间激流的观...     

港珠澳大桥西人工岛桥结合段波浪演变数值模拟

近年来海洋极端天气频发,港珠澳大桥西人工岛地处外海,与其相连接的桥梁非通航跨的桥面高程较低,容易受到海浪侵袭,威胁到岛桥功能的正常发挥和结构自身安全。针对西人工岛桥结合部周围的复杂地形条件,采用OpenFOAM^®开源程序,分别对S、SSW和SW三个方向的极端波浪进行了数值模拟。通过数值计算结果与物理模型试验测量值的比较验证了的模型的准确性。分析了不同方向入射波的波高和沿岛体斜坡爬高的变化规律。随着波浪入射角的增大,人工岛南侧斜坡的波浪爬高呈逐渐减小,但在岛体西端靠近桥梁的位置处,波浪爬高逐渐增大;同时也反映了越浪和桥面上水风险的大小。研究旨在为实际工程的管理和设计提供参考。     

港珠澳大桥岛隧工程施工海域潮汐调和分析与预报

对港珠澳大桥岛隧工程施工海域2013年的潮汐观测资料进行调和分析,发现该海域潮汐特征为不正规半日潮,以M2分潮为主,其次为K1、O1、S2和P1等分潮;利用调和常数做预报时,分潮个数的选择会在一定程度上影响预报精度。结果表明:分潮由5个增加至25个可以明显改进预报效果,再增加几乎没有改进。选用25个分潮建立调和预报模型预报2014—2016年的潮位,同时对2012年的潮位做了回报,并与实测潮位进行对比。检验结果表明预报潮位与实测潮位趋势一致,大小基本吻合,3 a平均的均方根误差为0.16 m,可以作为施工潮位窗口的选择依据。对调和预报误差的进一步分析表明,误差主要来源于径流和风的影响,台风带来的风暴增水可以达到1.33 m。     

港珠澳大桥人工岛水下滩槽演变的数值模拟与工程检验

港珠澳大桥地处伶仃洋的湾口水域,东、西人工岛分别位于伶仃洋大濠深槽两侧。人工岛水域水深流急,潮流正面冲击人工岛,易造成人工岛海域水下地形发生大的变化与调整,最终形成以人工岛为中心的局部滩槽新格局。在大桥工程设计阶段,采用伶仃洋二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对人工岛建设后的伶仃洋水沙环境和水下地形冲淤进行了模拟计算。模型预测结果表明,人工岛对伶仃洋水域的水沙环境影响集中在人工岛上、下游各5 km水域内,人工岛呈冲刷趋势,岛体上下游形成以岛为中心的梭状淤积体。人工岛建设10年前后的水下地形冲淤变化结果表明,人工岛建设引起的海床冲淤变化趋势与数学模型预测结果基本一致,此为当初采用的数学模型预测效果提供了良好的佐证。     

港珠澳大桥隧道沉管安装定位及姿态监测技术

重点介绍了针对港珠澳大桥海底沉管对接过程中水下精密定位及姿态监测技术方法,采用了水上RTK定位与水下姿态监测技术相结合,并实时监测测量塔挠度,通过三维坐标转换实现了高精度的对接定位及姿态监测,开发可视化仿真模拟软件,指导沉管水下对接。简要介绍了安装定位过程的实施步骤、关键工序和定位精度分析。     

港珠澳大桥岛桥结合跨箱梁波浪力试验研究

通过三维物理模型系列试验,对港珠澳大桥工程西人工岛、岛桥结合跨进行模拟。试验测量了不同波浪入射角度、波高、波周期以及梁底净高等影响因子下的岛桥结合跨箱梁所受的浮托力和水平力,分析了受力随波陡、相对梁底作用高度以及波浪入射角度的变化规律。研究表明,在一定条件下箱梁浮托力和水平力,随波陡的增大而减小,随梁底相对作用高度的增加而增大,波浪入射方向的影响主要表现为与箱梁沿波浪传播方向的有效长度相关。由于岛桥结合跨的特殊性,改进的Douglass公式并不适用于岛桥结合跨箱梁受力的计算。通过主要影响因子的量纲分析,建立针对岛桥结合跨箱梁浮托力和水平力的计算公式。研究成果可为今后同类工程以及数值模拟提供借鉴与参考。     

基于多波束数据的港珠澳大桥隧道基础检测分析

介绍了港珠澳大桥沉管隧道碎石基础结构测量控制内容,针对沉管隧道水下标高测量精度高的特点,通过对多波束测深数据的对比分析,验证了测深数据的精度及可靠性。并基于多波束数据量大、相对精度高的优点,提出特制单波束数据与多波束数据相结合的水下标高点面控制法和深水深槽结构物尺寸图上测量法,实现了沉管隧道碎石基础质量全面控制,并为管节安装快速决策提供依据。     

Particle Swarm-Based Translation Control for Immersed Tunnel Element in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Project

Immersed tunnel is an important part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) project. In immersed tunnel floating, translation which includes straight and transverse movements is the main working mode. To decide the magnitude and direction of the towing force for each tug, a particle swarm-based translation control method is presented for non-power immersed tunnel element. A sort of linear weighted logarithmic function is exploited to avoid weak subgoals. In simulation, the particle swarm-based control method is evaluated and compared with traditional empirical method in the case of the HZMB project. Simulation results show that the presented method delivers performance improvement in terms of the enhanced surplus towing force.     

HY-1C Coastal Zone Imager observations of the suspended sediment content distribution details in the sea area near Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China

The impacts of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HKZMB) on suspended sediment content (SSC) were analysed in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on data from HY-1C, which was launched in September 2018 in China, carrying Coastal Zone Imager (CZI) and Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner on it. A new SSC inversion model was established based on the relationship between in-situ SSC and the remote sensing reflectance in red and near-infrared bands of CZI image. HY-1C satellite data obtained from October to December 2019 were applied to retrieve SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary. The results show that SSC around the HKZMB is ranging from 20 mg/L to 95 mg/L. SSC change obviously on two sides of the bridge. During flooding and ebbing period, SSC increases obviously downstream of the bridge. SSC difference between upstream and downstream is ranging from 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Currents flowing across the HKZMB, the change trend of SSC in most places upstream and downstream is almost the same that SSC downstream of the bridge is higher than SSC upstream. The tidal currents interact with bridge piers, inducing vortexes downstream, leading the sediment to re-suspend downstream of the bridge piers. Other factors, including seafloor topography and wind, can also contribute to the distribution of SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary.