地磁太阴日变化L的M2和O1潮

介绍Ｍ２和Ｏ１潮引起的地磁太阳日变化Ｌ谐波分析方法,计算了佘山地磁台的磁偏角,水平和垂直分量Ｌ的谐波系数,分析了Ｌ变化的基本特征,季节变化和场源性质,并与国外其它台站的结果进行对比分析。     

多区域海洋M3分潮的观测与验证

M₃海洋分潮(三阶潮或一日三次周期潮汐)经常受到忽视,因而对M₃分潮进行更精确的分析研究,可以提高潮汐预测、海洋数值模拟、大地测量的准确度.尽管M₃分潮在整体潮汐所占比例较小,但由于陆架共振及其他影响,某些沿海地区M₃潮可大大增强.本文使用157个验潮站的数据,以及9年时间窗口,对水位变化进行了潮汐谐波分析.本文还分析了太阴M₃潮,将这些结果与全球同化的模型数据(TPXO9v5a)进行了比较,重点研究了西太平洋和欧洲陆架地区.与验潮站数据相比,大部分区域TPXO9v5a导出的M₃潮振幅和相位滞后表现良好,但在沿海和地形复杂的区域,其结果误差较大.在欧洲陆架海域使用了一个浅水数值模型(MARS),该模型在某些地区优于TPXO的结果.在欧洲陆架海域的五个子区域中, TPXO在三个地点的M₃振幅及相位滞后预测的均方根误差(RMSE)更小.而在其他子区域, MARS模拟结果更为准确.本文发现一些地点的M₃振幅有着显著长周...     

全球Schwiderski海潮模型M2分波在中国大陆产生的应变负荷潮

本文利用计算应变负荷潮的积分Green函数方法,计算了全球Schwiderski海潮模型M₂分波在中国大陆产生的应变负荷潮.根据负荷潮的分布特点,中国大陆大致可以分成以东经100°为界的东、西两个区域.在东区,负荷潮主要受太平洋海潮的控制;在西部内陆地区,除太平洋海潮外,它们还明显地受印度洋海潮的影响.根据本文计算结果绘制的M₂分波应变负荷潮在中国大陆的地理分布图,为如何正确考虑M₂分波负荷潮对应变固体潮观测结果的影响提供了重要的参考资料.     

云南地倾斜定点形变M2波月潮汐因子精度浅析

对2016年1月—2018年12月云南地倾斜定点形变M₂波月潮汐因子精度进行统计,分析总结了地倾斜定点形变仪器运行情况、气象因素、人为因素、地震等干扰因素,以期为地倾斜定点形变观测提供参考。     

昭通地震台洞体应变M2波月潮汐因子精度浅析

对2016年1月～2020年12月期间昭通地震台洞体应变仪的M₂波月潮汐因子精度进行统计,分析总结了影响观测资料内在质量的仪器故障、气象、人为干扰等因素,以期为全面认识台站洞体应变观测质量提供参考。     

CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响——Meta分析

CO₂浓度升高对稻田生态系统碳(C)氮(N)循环具有重要作用,阐明CO₂浓度升高对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响是农业生产应对全球气候变化的重要组成部分.文章采用Meta分析的方法,讨论了不同CO₂浓度升高状况和田间管理措施条件下CO₂浓度升高对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响,结果可为未来气候条件下稻田温室气体减排提供参考.结果表明:整体平均而言,CO₂浓度升高显著增加稻田CH₄排放(增幅为23%,P<0.05),同时显著降低稻田N₂O排放(降幅为22%,P<0.05).CO₂浓度升高对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响程度与CO₂熏气年限和CO₂浓度梯度有关.CO₂熏气年限≥10a时,CO₂浓度升高同时显著降低稻田CH₄和N₂O排放,降幅分别为27%和53%(P<0.05);随CO₂浓度梯度上升,CO₂浓度升高对稻田CH₄排放的促进作用呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,而对稻田N₂O排放的影响则由促进作用变为抑制作用.不同N肥施用量、秸秆还田、水分管理和水稻品种等田间管理措施不同程度地影响稻田CH₄和N₂O排放对CO₂浓度升高的响应.无秸秆和半量秸秆还田时,CO₂浓度升高显著促进稻田CH₄排放(增幅分别为27%和49%,P<0.05),而全量秸秆还田时,CO₂浓度升高对稻田CH₄排放无显著影响(P>0.05);随秸秆还田量的增加,CO₂浓度升高对稻田N₂O排放的抑制作用不断增强.对比持续淹水,间歇灌溉条件下CO₂浓度升高减弱了对稻田CH₄排放的促进作用,却增强了对稻田N₂O排放的抑制作用.未来CO₂浓度升高条件下,建议推广全量秸秆还田和间歇灌溉相结合的稻田管理措施,并辅以优化N肥管理和选育"高产低排"水稻品种等方法,达到最优的"增产减排"效果.此外,有必要进行多尺度、多要素和多方法的综合研究,以期有效降低稻田CH₄和N₂O排放对CO₂浓度升高响应的不确定性.     

狮泉河地震台PET型连续重力仪M2波潮汐因子异常分析

以狮泉河地震台PET型重力仪2018～2020年的观测数据为依据,通过剔除观测环境干扰、观测系统干扰,对观测质量检验、自由空气和布格重力、M₂波潮汐因子、R值检验进行了分析,得出M₂波潮汐因子异常对周边300 km内M≥5级,300～350 km范围内M≥5.5级地震有一定的指示意义。     

中国大陆M2波理论应变潮汐模型

本文主要研究和讨论了我国大陆固体潮和海潮负荷效应的M₂波理论应变潮汐模型。推导了球扇波应变张量大地系数和计算公式,着重研究和计算了M₂波海潮应变负荷效应,讨论了计算方法,计算中采用了到目前为止最新的Schwiderski（M₂）全球海潮图和沈育疆近中国海潮汐图;给出了40个点的负荷效应结果,并绘制了中国大陆固体应变潮、海潮应变负荷效应同相位,相差π/2相位以及总效应的应变花。为理论研究,观测资料的分析和改正提供了理论参考模型。     

兰州五泉山水溶气N2的异常变化与景泰6.2级和永登5.8级地震的对应关系

对１９８３￣１９９５年兰州五泉山泉水溶气Ｎ２的观测值进行了数学处理，发现该组分在祁连山构造带东段几次中强地震前均有前兆异常显示，同时还对异常机理进行了初步探讨。     

全球Schwideski海潮模型K1、O1分波在中国大陆产生的地倾斜负荷潮

本文根据计算地倾斜负荷潮的积分Green函数方法,计算了全球Schwiderski海潮模型K₁、O₁分波在中国大陆产生的地倾斜负荷潮,绘制了K₁、O₁分波负荷潮椭圆及其长轴迹线,沿长轴方向分量的等潮时线,长、短半轴等值线诸地倾斜负荷潮参量在中国大陆境内的分布图,给出了它们的空间分布图象,为国内的地倾斜固体潮研究提供了重要的参考资料.     

The lunar tides in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere

Horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over the Antarctic have been measured by a meteor radar at Rothera (67.5°S, 68.0°W) and MF radar at Davis (68.6°S, 78.0°E). Data from Rothera recorded over a 20-month interval in 2005–2006 and data from Davis recorded over the 13-year interval 1994–2006 are examined to investigate the monthly mean behaviour of the lunar semidiurnal tide. Both data sets show a clear signal of the 12.42-h lunar semidiurnal (M₂) tide. The amplitude reaches values as large as 8 m s⁻¹. The vertical wavelengths of the tide vary seasonally from 10 to 65 km. Comparisons of the phase of the tide measured over the two sites reveals that it does not purely consist of a migrating wavenumber 2 mode. This suggests that other, non-migrating, modes are likely to be present.     

Local contributions to the M2 lunar geomagnetic variations in the South West of England

By comparing the M₂ lunar geomagnetic variations of 12.42 h period at Sidmouth and Exeter, it is shown that local concentrations of the electric currents, induced by sea tides in the seas and oceans around the U.K., can give a significant contribution to the M₂ variations at the two observatories.     

Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations during summer on Muztagata

Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric CO₂ and H₂O concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO₂ concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol^-1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO₂ concentrations occur between 02:30-05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00-15:30 PM. The atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5 μmol·mol^-1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H₂O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO₂ and H₂O concentrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO₂ concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H₂O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.     

Glacial atmospheric CO2 decline in association with decrease of marine sedimentary phosphorus

The environmental and biogeochemical information extracted from the sediments collected from the northern shelf of the South China Sea shows that terrigenous inputs of phosphorus into the sea remained relatively constant, and the variation of phosphorus contents at different depths was caused by climatic and environmental changes. The findings also suggest that the vertical variation of phosphorus content was opposite to those of calcium carbonate and cadmium, and the functional correlation between CO₂ and PO ₄ ³⁻ in seawater was given by calculating the chemical equilibrium, indicating that the accumulation of marine sedimentary phosphorus may have something to do with the variation of atmospheric CO₂. The decreased phosphorus accumulation as well as the correspondingly-increased calcium carbonate content might be one of key factors causing glacial atmospheric CO₂ decline.     

The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Chile as intense source of CO2 and N2O

The oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are recognized as intense sources of N₂O greenhouse gas (GHG) and could also be potential sources of CO₂, the most important GHG for the present climate change. This study evaluates, for one of the most intense and shallow OMZ, the Chilean East South Pacific OMZ, the simultaneous N₂O and CO₂ fluxes at the air–sea interface. Four cruises (2000–2002) and 1 year of monitoring (21°–30°–36°S) off Chile allowed the determination of the CO₂ and N₂O concentrations at the sea surface and the analysis of fluxes variations associated with different OMZ configurations. The Chilean OMZ area can be an intense GHG oceanic local source of both N₂O and CO₂. The mean N₂O fluxes are 5–10 times higher than the maximal previous historical source in an OMZ open area as in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. For CO₂, the mean fluxes are also positive and correspond to very high oceanic sources. Even if different coupling and decoupling between N₂O and CO₂ are observed along the Chilean OMZ, 65% of the situations represent high CO₂ and/or N₂O sources. The high GHG sources are associated with coastal upwelling transport of OMZ waters rich in N₂O and probably also in CO₂, located at a shallow depth. The integrated OMZ role on GHG should be better considered to improve our understanding of the past and future atmospheric CO₂ and N₂O evolutions.     

2016年3月12日运城MS4.4地震地磁谐波振幅比异常分析

利用山西省临汾地磁台记录的数字化FHD分钟值数据,采用地磁谐波振幅比方法,分析2016年3月12日山西运城M_S 4.4地震前后地磁异常数据。结果显示：2015年1月—2016年2月,在周期10—60 min内,Y_ZHx和Y_ZHy方向出现反向异常变化,Y_ZHx和Y_HxHy出现准同步的“下降—转折—恢复”过程;运城M_S 4.4地震前,Y_ZHx和Y_HxHy处于由高转低再上升的转折点,震前异常持续时间约1年3个月。结合山西南部地区GPS基线时间序列、重力场和临汾地震台地电阻率变化,根据震磁机理和电磁感应理论等,更好地解释了临汾地磁谐波振幅比异常。     

Geochemical features of the geothermal CO2-watercarbonate rock system and analysis on its CO2 sources

Taking Huanglong Ravine and Kangding, Sichuan, and Xiage, Zhongdian, Yunnan, as examples, the authors summarize the hydrogeochemical and carbon stable isotopic features of the geothermal CO₂-water-carbonate rock system and analyze the CO₂ sources of the system. It was found that the hydrogeochemical and carbon stable isotopic features of such a system are different from those of shallow CO₂-water-carbonate rock system, which is strongly influenced by biosphere. The former has higher CO₂ partial pressure, and is rich in heavy carbon stable isotope. In addition, such a geothermal system is also different from that developed in igneous rock. The water in the latter system lacks Ca²⁺, and thus, there are few tufa deposits on ground surface, but it is rich in light carbon stable isotope. Further analysis shows that CO₂ of the geothermal CO₂-water-carbonate rock system is a mixture of metamorphic CO₂ and magmatic CO₂.     

三峡支流澎溪河消落带落干初期N2O释放与反硝化特征初探

水库近岸湿地(消落带)土壤N2O释放和反硝化作用是消落带氮的生物地球化学过程的重要组成部分.以三峡水库支流澎溪河高阳平湖库湾消落带为研究对象,于2013年落干初期,采用C2H2抑制-原状土柱培养法研究该处自然植被恢复区、农耕区和对照组等不同土地类型土壤的N2O释放速率和反硝化速率,并测定了土壤p H值、氧化还原电位、温度、有机质、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和土壤孔隙含水量等环境指标.结果表明,自然植被恢复区土壤N2O释放速率为9.88±6.49 g N/(hm2·d),反硝化速率为58.94±52.84 g N/(hm2·d);农耕区土壤N2O释放速率和反硝化速率分别为7.71±4.44和30.70±25.68 g N/(hm2·d).不同土地类型间N2O释放速率差异显著,落干初期土壤氧含量、含水量及氮含量对不同土地类型N2O释放和反硝化作用影响明显.土壤氧含量的升高促进了自然植被恢复区的N2O释放,并在一定程度上抑制了该区域反硝化作用.农耕区土壤含水量高于自然植被恢复区,可能致使N2O释放速率低于自然植被恢复区,而反硝化速率高于自然植被恢复区.消落带土壤氮含量降低同反硝化速率降低有一定联系.