鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组石油资源现状与勘探潜力分析

为寻求保持探明石油地质储量持续稳定增长的有效资源接替勘探领域,对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组待探明资源量的分布进行综合分析。通过对延长组5大沉积体系资源量和探明石油地质储量分布特征的对比分析,指出延长组中、下组合是近期油气勘探的主要接替层系。其中湖盆中部的长6、长8油层组和西北、西南沉积体系的长8油层组是近期增储上产的现实勘探领域;东北沉积体系的长8油层组和全盆地的长9—长10油层组是保证未来5~10年储量稳定增长的主要勘探接替领域。     

柴达木盆地石油地质条件、资源潜力 及勘探方向

通过对柴达木盆地石油地质条件的分析,总结建立了富烃凹陷古构造成藏、源外古隆起-古斜坡成藏、源上晚期构造成藏以及富烃凹陷周缘斜坡致密油-岩性成藏等4类石油成藏模式,优选类比法和成因法客观评价了盆地不同区带、不同区块、不同层系的常规油及致密油资源,得出常规油地质资源量为29.59×10~8 t,致密油资源量为8.58×10~8 t。结合盆地石油勘探现状,理清了剩余常规石油地质资源及其分布,明确柴西地区为剩余常规石油地质资源最丰富、资源丰度最大的地区。指出盆缘古隆起及斜坡区、盆内凹陷-斜坡区、盆内大型晚期构造带是近期重点勘探领域:狮子沟—大乌斯构造带、油泉子—开特米里克构造带、阿尔金山前西段是常规石油有利勘探目标,柴西南区的跃东—扎哈泉—乌南和红柳泉—跃进一带,以及柴西北区的小梁山—南翼山等地区是致密油勘探现实有利区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区延长组长8致密砂岩油藏成藏主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长8油层组为近年来发现的勘探开发新层系,勘探实践证实其成藏条件优越,勘探潜力大。本文以盆地中南部志丹县吴堡地区为例,对该区长8油藏成藏条件及分布规律进行了研究,结果表明:长8油藏油源主要来自于上覆长73烃源岩、长8内部烃源岩和长9顶部烃源岩,具有良好的生储层组合配置;主成藏期运移动力主要为生烃增压等形成的异常高压,油气充注到长8致密储层后主要以近距离垂向和侧向运移为主;成岩作用加剧了储层非均质性,形成成岩遮挡型准连续型油气聚集。长8油藏平面及层位分布主要受控于有效烃源岩展布、储层质量和有效盖层的控制,多种地质因素共同形成现今长8油藏分布格局。     

准噶尔盆地石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

近年来,准噶尔盆地的油气勘探在许多新领域取得重大突破,展现良好勘探前景。然而,盆地第三次油气资源评价结果与勘探实际、储量增长之间的矛盾越来越突出,常规、非常规领域的石油资源潜力亟待落实。在解剖盆地石油成藏条件,分析成藏控制因素,总结不同地区、不同层系成藏模式及其富集规律的基础上,开展地质评价参数研究,优选评价方法,重新评价盆地资源潜力,梳理了盆地有利的勘探方向。评价结果显示:盆地常规、非常规石油资源量近100×10~8t,综合探明率约为27%;剩余待探明石油资源量近55×10~8 t,主要分布于富烃凹陷斜坡区的二叠系—三叠系、盆地深层及凹陷周缘低勘探程度的凸起构造。未来应围绕盆地这3个领域,加大勘探力度,同时依托技术进步,努力拓展页岩油等资源潜力大、勘探程度低的勘探领域。     

西巴伦支海盆地含油气系统分析与资源评价

北极西巴伦支海盆地是全球最具勘探潜力的含油气盆地之一。基于IHS数据库最新资料,分析了该盆地油气地质特征,揭示了盆地油气分布特征,划分了含油气系统和成藏组合,评估了盆地资源潜力,并优选了有利勘探区带。研究表明,区域上西巴伦支海盆地已发现油气藏主要分布于盆地的西南部;层系上油气主要富集于侏罗系和三叠系储层,其已发现控制和探明(2P)可采储量分别占盆地总2P可采储量的72.6%和15.5%。盆地内主要发育2个已知的含油气系统,分别为侏罗系/三叠系复合含油气系统和二叠系/石炭系复合含油气系统。蒙特卡洛模拟评估出西巴伦支海盆地石油、天然气和凝析油待发现可采资源量(均值)分别为487.4×10⁶ t、1375.6×10⁹ m³和84.6×10⁶ t,折合成油当量为1681.9×10⁶ t,其中天然气占66.0%。综合资源评价结果和油气成藏条件地质分析优选出2个有利勘探区带,分别是盆地南部的侏罗系成藏组合有利勘探区带和三叠系成藏组合有利勘探区带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部长8_1致密储层特征及孔隙度演化分析

<正>目前,世界油气资源勘探开发对象逐渐转向非常规油气,致密砂岩油气成为研究热点。在我国,一般认为孔隙度小于10%,覆压渗透率小于0.1×10-3μm2的储层即为致密砂岩储层,其油气资源丰富,广泛分布于鄂尔多斯、四川、松辽等盆地[1]。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为低渗透—特低渗透储层。姬塬西部长81油层组,由于致密砂岩油气藏的致密过程复杂,关于储层致密与油气成藏的先后顺序存在以下3种观点:[2][3][4]     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长10期沉积环境与沉积体系

三叠系延长组为鄂尔多斯盆地主要含油层位,其中长10油层组是盆地油气勘探新层系。依据大量野外露头、岩芯观察、粒度分析及古地貌恢复等资料,对盆地延长组下组合长10油层组沉积相特征、沉积环境与沉积体系进行了系统研究。研究结果表明：①长10油层组主要发育冲积扇相和河流相,其中河流相是盆地主要沉积相类型;②长10期,河流沉积体系...     

辽河坳陷石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

近年来辽河坳陷潜山及非常规油气勘探不断取得突破,以往的资源评价成果已不足以支撑油气勘探部署。从基本石油地质条件入手,剖析了潜山、火山岩领域常规油及页岩油、致密油成藏地质条件与主控因素,建立了源储侧向对接型成藏、源外断层—不整合输导型成藏、源内或近源聚集型成藏及源储一体页岩油成藏等模式。采用以类比法为主导,以成因法、统计法为补充的综合评价方法,预测辽河坳陷常规石油资源量为40.96×10~8t,其中,碎屑岩领域资源量为27.39×10~8t,潜山领域资源量为11.42×10~8 t,火成岩领域资源量为2.15×10~8 t。采用小面元容积法,预测页岩油资源量为3.56×10~8t,致密油资源量为1.92×10~8 t。根据剩余石油资源分布和油藏形成条件,优选出有利勘探区带:兴隆台构造带、曙北—高升构造带、荣胜堡构造带和静安堡构造带是潜山油藏勘探有利区带;欢曙斜坡带、牛居—青龙台构造带、静西陡坡带和冷东—雷家构造带是碎屑岩油藏勘探主攻区带;小洼—月海构造带、大平房—葵花岛构造带、榆树台—盖州滩构造带是潜山和碎屑岩油藏兼探区带;黄于热—黄沙坨构造带是火山岩油藏勘探有利区带;西部凹陷雷家地区油页岩和大民屯凹陷西陡坡砂砾岩体分别是页岩油和致密油勘探有利目标。     

吐哈盆地石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

通过对吐哈盆地生储盖组合配置、成藏模式等石油地质条件的综合研究,认为吐哈盆地主要发育侏罗系西山窑组、八道湾组煤系烃源岩,以及二叠系桃东沟群湖相烃源岩,这2套烃源岩生油强度较大的地区均位于台北凹陷主体沉降区,具备形成大油田的烃源基础。盆地主要发育侏罗系、三叠系和二叠系等3套储层,侏罗系储层主要为辫状河三角洲分流河道粗砂岩,二叠系梧桐沟组、三叠系克拉玛依组储层主要为扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道的细砂岩、砂砾岩。侏罗系主要有正向分异、逆向分异、垂向分异及混合型等4种成藏模式;二叠系为侧向长距离运聚-古斜坡成藏模式;三叠系为源内垂向运聚-自生自储油气成藏模式。采用类比法、统计法、成因法及特尔菲加权法综合得到吐哈盆地常规石油地质资源量为10.09×10~8t,剩余资源量为6.07×10~8t。通过地质评价、原油剩余资源量和剩余资源丰度的分布预测,提出了鄯善弧形带、鲁克沁—红连带、西部弧形带3个勘探方向及有利目标区。     

马岭地区H148井区长8油藏成藏分析

随着鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探开发工作的不断深入,油田扩边建产的规模不断扩大,原油产量逐年攀升。H148井区块作为马岭地区新的产建区,主要含油层系为三叠系延长组长8油层组,通过该区钻井、岩心、测井、试采等资料全面深入分析该区有利沉积相带、油气运移及成藏圈闭条件,认识该区长8油藏的成藏规律,为建产及开发提供可靠地质依据。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.