浅论栖霞市地质遗迹资源的保护和利用

栖霞市是烟台地区唯一的内陆县级市,独特的地理优势造就了丰富的地质遗迹资源,包括典型的花岗岩地貌、岱崮地貌、丰富的地热资源、更新世化石遗址、矿冶遗址、地质灾害遗迹、地质构造形迹等。通过对该地区地质遗迹资源保护工作中存在问题的分析,提出了正确处理地质遗迹资源区旅游与保护的关系。     

干湿循环对恐龙化石力学性质影响研究

恐龙是早已灭绝的古脊椎动物,恐龙化石在地质学,特别是在古环境学研究中具重要意义,它在地层划分、地质时代确定以及古地理、古环境、古气候研究尤其是生物灭绝事件研究等方面,具有极其重要的理论和实际价值。近几年,恐龙化石不断被发掘,对恐龙化石的保护日益显得紧迫和重要。本文通过干湿循环和膨胀试验,研究水对化石抗风化力的影响,试验结果证明水对化石围岩风化的影响远大于对恐龙化石的影响。     

粉子山群与胶东群分界及接触关系初步探讨

对胶东地区前寒武纪变质岩系的研究已历时二十余年,其间发表过不少的论著。迄今,将胶东地区的前寒武系自下而上划分为胶东群、粉子山群及蓬莱群,可是对有关地层的归属及其接触关系,不同作者认识上的分岐较大,而且目前尚难取得一致意见。应当看到,不同论著所提供的基础资料以及据此而提出的见解,对于提高我们的认识都是有其积极意义的。然而,依笔者之浅见,对变质岩系而言,如果仅依其片理产状进行地层层序的罗列,而忽略其久远历史进程中发生过的形变史,往往就会得出不符合客观事物发展规律的     

一种新的轮廓线三维地质表面重建方法

在三维地质建模中,由于地质剖面与医学CT有本质上的相似性,因此,轮廓线的三维表面重建技术有广泛的应用。目前,较为成熟的算法并没有考虑地质数据的特殊性,由于地质体形态复杂多变,地质剖面稀疏、数据来源多样等特点,将普适的算法应用到地质建模中,只是解决了重建曲面的合理性,并没有关注曲面的几何质量,导致曲面无法达到地质建模对于模型质量的要求。本文针对地质数据的特点,提出了一种新的轮廓线表面重构方法。在不改变轮廓线连接的合理性与正确性的情况下,通过生成过渡剖面轮廓线,克服传统方法生成曲面过于粗糙的缺点,以提高建模质量。在Creatar三维地质基础平台上,对多种情况的剖面数据实验结果表明,在数据稀疏的情况下达到了良好的建模效果。该方法的扩展模型满足了地质剖面轮廓线建模中复杂地质情况,以及交叉剖面数据的曲面重建,且算法复杂度低,实现简单,有较强的实用性。     

Highlights of the Messel Oil Shale

The Messel oil shale, Germany, was deposited in a maar crater that formed 47 million years ago. Since 1975 the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt am Main, has conducted systematic scientific excavations of this oil shale with much success. Besides plants and insects, more than 130 species of well-preserved fossil vertebrates like reptiles, fishes, birds and mammals have been found and have made Messel world-famous. Some examples of these vertebrates are presented.     

甘肃省文县关家沟组微古植物化石的发现及地质意义

通过对甘肃省文县关家沟组剖面的系统采样,获得大量微古植物化石,鉴定出16个属28个种。依据中国南方及其他地区南华系、震旦系资料,将本区关家沟组的微古植物化石组合特征与峡东、川西北等地区的晚南华世南沱期的微古植物化石组合进行对比,确认关家沟组地层时代为晚南华世南沱期。这一结果对研究关家沟组地层对比、时代划分提供了依据。     

Highlights of the Messel Oil Shale

The Messel oil shale, Germany, was deposited in a maar crater that formed 47 million years ago. Since 1975 the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt am Main, has conducted systematic scientific excavations of this oil shale with much success. Besides plants and insects, more than 130 species of well - preserved fossil vertebrates like reptiles, fishes, birds and mammals have been found and have made Messel worldfamous. Some examples of these vertebrates are presented.     

基于Coons曲面与约束三角网的区域地质调查三维建模方法

目前基于野外地质调查数据自动、快速地建立区域三维地质体模型是中国全面开展三维数字地质填图的迫切需求。本文基于产状、地质界线与路线剖面等野外区域地质调查要素,提出了一种二维平面地质图及路线剖面图向三维地质体模型的快速转换方法。该方法针对无剖面约束及含剖面约束2种情形,通过地质界线区域分割、多段线仿射变换等空间几何变换处理,推估出剖面线约束的地下地质界线,基于Coons曲面构建出地质体的侧面模型;然后,通过约束三角网算法构建地质体的顶、底面模型,最终建立拓扑一致的区域地质体三维模型。基于此方法,对中国1:2.5万区域地质调查试点区域进行了区域三维地质建模实践,实现了火山口、地层、岩体、断层等典型地质构造的快速三维重建。     

恐龙化石风化效应的TM耦合分析研究

恐龙化石对研究地球演化、生物进化、地层对比、地质年代、古环境、古地理、古气候等方面具有重要的科学价值。但恐龙化石发掘后面临着严重的风化问题,许多化石发掘后十几年甚至几年内就迅速遭受风化破坏。为深入研究探索恐龙化石地质遗迹的深层次风化原因和机理,该文采用TM（温度和应力）耦合分析方法,对山东诸城恐龙化石风化规律进行深入分析研究。根据化石与围岩间膨胀的不协调性,探索在温度变化情况下化石与围岩间的相互作用规律及对风化造成的影响。结果揭示了温度作用下化石风化的初步原因和规律,可为化石保护提供参考科学依据。     

山东省枣庄市中心城区三维地质模型建立研究

目前,直接基于钻孔构建三维地质模型的研究中存在钻孔难于获取、产状信息分布稀疏、建模结果难以人工交互干预等问题,该文以山东省枣庄市中心城区三维地质建模为例,提出一种基于剖面单元格,借助平面地质图添加虚拟钻孔的三维地质体建模方法,实现了基于平面地质图添加虚拟钻孔方式生成精准的剖面图。该方法不仅为解决当前建模中存在的数据不足、建模自动化程度较低及精度不够的问题提供了新的思路,扩大了三维地质建模可利用的数据源,实现了三维地质模型构建,为进一步实现钻孔、剖面与平面地质图数据融合进行模型优化和逐步求精打下了基础,为今后开展三维地质建模工作提供了参考。     

山东省主要地质遗迹形成时代及分布特征

山东主要地质遗迹划分为标准地质剖面、著名古生物化石遗址、地质构造形迹、典型地质与地貌景观、特大型矿床、地质灾害遗迹等6大类。叙述了各类地质遗迹的形成时代及分布特征。对各地质公园的主要特征及地层、侵入岩中的主要地质遗迹进行了总结,对太古宇重要地质遗迹点的岩性、形成年龄作了介绍,为地质旅游提供了基础资料。     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

Fossil biotas from Pakistan with focus on dinosaur distributions and discussion on paleobiogeographic evolution of Indo-Pak Peninsula

Recent geological and paleontological exploration in the Indus basin of Pakistan allowed the discover-ies of numerous remains of non-marine reptiles (titanosaurian sauropod,abelisaurian and noasaurian theropod dinosaurs),and marine reptiles (crocodiles),flying reptiles (pterosaurs),marine and non-marine mammals, fishes,invertebrates,and plants,especially Pakistan is relatively rich in footprints/trackways in the Mesozoic. These vertebrates of Indo-Pakistan are very significant for paleobiogeographic study due to the present-day con-nection of this continent with Asia in Northern Hemisphere,whereas during past (Jurassic and pre-Jurassic)it was connected to the Gondwana.The Mesozoic vertebrates show close affinities with Gondwanan landmasses. The Cenozoic vertebrates show Eurasian affinity and migrated from Indo-Pak subcontinent to Eurasia or vice ver-sa via Paleo Indus River systems along Western Indus Suture,after long journey of about 6 000 km the first col-lision of Indo-Pak subcontinent with Asia occurred at terminal Cretaceous.     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing－Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin , western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and J iufotang formations. In the Weijialing－Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

山东莱阳盆地中华弓鳍鱼的发现及其在地层上的意义

1984年以来,我队开展了1:20万莱阳幅区域地质测量的修测工作。为了配合野外的地质工作,我组对莱阳盆地莱阳组的各门类化石进行了采集。在莱阳县团旺镇团旺村西采集到一批鱼化石,它们产于莱阳组的中上部黄绿、灰绿色砂质页岩中。所采鱼化石保存较好的不多,经笔者初步鉴定,多数为狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera),主要是中华狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera sinensis),但是还有一块鱼化石为中华弓鳍鱼属(Sinamia)。这种鱼化石在本区是首次发现。这一新的发现,丰富了本地区的鱼化石种类,同时对中华弓鳍鱼的地理分布有新的补充,有助于对这类鱼化石的进一步研究,而且还为我国华北地区中生代后期地层对比提供了     

扬子北缘镇巴—高川地区两类不同二叠系对比及区域构造意义

通过1∶50 000陕西镇巴—高川地区区域地质调查,发现镇巴地区和高川地区二叠系具有完全不同的岩石组合特征及生物化石,前者主要为一套稳定的碳酸盐岩相沉积,后者主要为一套较深水相黑色岩系沉积。经对典型地区实测剖面、古生物及岩石组合特征详细对比研究,发现二者虽然时代相同,但是不能横向对比,应为同期异相的产物。在综合区域地质资料基础上,探讨上述二叠系所表征的区域构造意义。两套二叠系岩相的差异性说明镇巴地区和高川地区当时曾分处在不同的沉积-构造环境:镇巴周缘以米仓山和星子山地层小区为代表的物质建造与扬子地块整体升降和海水的频繁进退密切相关,而高川周缘以褚河地层小区为代表的物质建造则更可能与早期地壳隆升、晚期地壳张裂成盆和海水贯入有关。综合区域地质资料研究认为,高川地区地层系统与勉略带地层系统相似,表明其早期与勉略带有着大致相同的构造演化史,也表明高川盆地曾经是晚古生代勉略裂谷—有限洋的一部分,只是被后期构造改造而残存于现今高川一隅。     

河西走廊东部地区早二叠世地层研究的新认识

本文讨论了河西走廊东部地区早二叠世地层研究的有关问题,认为甘肃山丹青羊泉下二叠统剖面是北祁连山—河西走廊地区的重要代表剖面之一。以该剖面研究为依据,提出走廊东部地区下二叠统的进一步划分方案,分析该区早二叠世地层岩性特征差异的原因,并与走廊西部地区同期地层进行对比,进一步明确了大黄沟组的含意。     

广西观赏石开发利用前景

石文化作为一种文化现象是华夏文化的重要内容，观赏石具有较高的收藏价值及商品经济价值。广西观赏石资源丰富，品种繁多，有较好的利用前景。根据观赏石的形态特征、产出地质条件划分为造形石类、纹理石类、矿物晶体类、古生物化石类、特殊石类等，各类观赏石其形成地质环境各异，在大自然的雕塑下展现出的欣赏价值各放异彩。在商品经济中具有较大的潜力及较高收藏欣赏价值。     

Application of sediment traps in global change research in mountain lakes

Representativity of biota in the biosphere also have similar significance in the lithosphere after their death. Recently, taphonomic representation of biota in the lithosphere has been widely used for minimizing the biases in palaeo-environmental reconstructions including global climate change. In September 2001, a sediment trap was installed at the central area of the Loch Coire Fionnaraich （LCFR）, a small, oligotrophic mountain loch in northwest Scotland for a taphonomic study of cladoceran zooplankton. The trap was emptied on a seasonal basis, where an average 0.14 g dry material was recovered in each season, January, May and August 2002 respectively. A sediment core was also taken from near the sediment trap location. The top 0.5 cm section, the ＇core＇ was used for a comparative study with the trap sediment samples. The planktonic Cladocera consisted of Bosmina coregoni and appeared to have excellent preservation in the trap assemblages. Moreover, some common littoral Cladocera such as Alonella excisa and Aloha guttata appear to be less well preserved in the fossil assemblages. Large littoral taxa such as Eurycercus lamellatus and Aloha quadrangularis were rare in the trap but relatively common and well preserved in the sediment-water interface. It is suggested that taphonomic processes play a dominant role on deposition of fossil remains of Cladocera and caution should be taken while inferring the past environmental changes whilst using fossil assemblages recovered from the lake centre as a representation of the entire cladoceran community in the lake.     

山西平陆黄河北岸第四纪软沉积物变形构造的古地震成因研究

为研究山西南部平陆地区黄河北岸一级阶地中软沉积物变形构造的触发机制,对观测剖面中发育的碟状构造、液化卷曲构造和球枕构造等3类软沉积物变形构造的特征进行描述,分析其形成机制,通过总结对比软沉积物变形的地震成因,推测剖面中的变形构造为地震成因,并依此建立山西南部平陆地区的地震成因地层沉积序列。光释光测年结果显示,该变形构造形成年龄为1.9±0.2 ka,通过影响烈度的计算并结合山西及邻近省的地震资料发现,2次历史地震可能与该软沉积物变形构造相关。