3D fast inversion of gravity data based on GPU

Large-scale gravity 3D interpretation depends on efficient and high-resolution 3D inversion processing of massive data.The authors applied the conjugate gradient method with minimum support function and prior model constraint to reduce multi-solutions in gravity inversion.Based on the parallel programming and compu-ting platform NVIDIA CUDA with C++language, we achieve fast 3D gravity inversion by adopting GPU parallel technique into the most time consuming part relating to sensitivity matrix.The results of theoretical model show that the abnormal body can be clearly located and the inversion speed is improved greatly.Comparing with in-version speed of the Matlab program, speed of inversion with GPU parallel technique has improved more than 100 times under the hardware condition of Geforce GTX 1060 graphics card.     

3D Joint inversion of gravity and gravity tensor data

The processing and interpretation of gravity and gradient data plays an important role in geophysics. The cross gradient joint inversion is usually used for achieving structure coupling of multiple geophysical mod-els.In order to realize the coupling of gravity and gravity tensor data, the authors analyzed each component. The results show that different types of data contain different direction information, and derived the joint inver-sion based on cross gradient function and applied it to model data.The theoretical model results show that the cross gradient method can reduce the multi solution and significantly improve the resolution of the inversion. The method was also applied to inverse the gravity tensor data in Vinton salt dome, showing that this method can get higher resolution results than the separate linear inversion, and be closer to the real density from drilling data.     

重力异常反映的郯庐带中南段构造边界与应力场

为解决传统基于重力场数据一阶导数定义的总水平导数和解析信号振幅存在无法均衡深浅异常振幅的问题,应用重力全张量梯度数据,提出改进的倾斜导数地质体边界识别方法NTD_M。经模型验证,NTD_M在收敛性、抑噪性和边界识别精度方面均有提升。利用NTD_M将郯庐带中南段及邻区划分为14个边界较为清晰的构造单元,借助垂线偏差数据对郯庐带中南段的构造应力场和壳幔密度差进行反演。结果显示,二者在水平方向上存在显著差异,在空间上显著相关,构造应力最大差异值约为16 MPa,壳幔密度差约为0.2 g/cm³,构造应力等值线密集处与构造单元划分的边界以及地震分布情况对应较好。郯庐带中段最大主应力方向为NEE-EW,南段主应力方向以EW-NWW为主,总体呈EW向,与震源机制解、地应力测量和GPS反演结果具有较好的一致性。     

海量卫星重力梯度观测数据确定地球重力位模型的数值方法

基于空域最小二乘法,对卫星重力梯度数据确定地球重力场中的Cholesky分解法、预条件共轭梯度法以及OpenMP并行算法3种数值方法进行比较与分析。研究表明,在计算机硬件资源有限的情况下,传统的Cholesky分解法已经无法满足求解要求;预条件共轭梯度法的求解效率较之Cholesky分解法有改进,但其以损失小量精度为代价;OpenMP并行算法在不损失求解精度的条件下,可提高求解的效率。     

Edge detection of gravity anomaly with an improved 3D structure tensor

Edge detection plays an important role in geological interpretation of potential field data, which can indicate the subsurface faults, contact, and other tectonic features.A variety of methods have been proposed to detect and enhance the edges.3D structure tensor can well delineate the edges of geological bodies, however, it is sensitive to noise and additional false edges need to be removed artificially.In order to overcome these dis-advantages, this paper redefines the 3D structure tensor with a Gaussian envelop and proposes a new normalized edge detector, which can remove the additional false edges and reduce the influence of noise effectively, and balance the edges of different amplitude anomalies completely.This method has been tested on the synthetic and measured gravity data, showing that the new improved method achievesbetter results and reveals more details.     

重磁力联合反演在研究复杂盆地基底构造中的应用

本文采用重磁力联合反演方法,计算了民和盆地基底深度和视磁化强度。针对该盆地特点,设计了等效和非均质重力反演模型,在约束条件下分块反演得到准确可靠的基底深度;用基底深度和航磁异常反演基底视磁化强度,根据岩石磁化率参数,判定基底岩性横向分布。该方法不仅能提供盆地基底构造形态,而且能提供基底岩性信息。     

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利用布格重力资料研究华北裂陷盆地地壳结构特征

通过对华北地区1∶50万布格重力资料进行小波多尺度分析,得到自地表至莫霍面不同空间尺度范围内地质体产生的重力异常。讨论各阶小波变换细节特性及相应地质构造特征认为,华北裂陷盆地的隆起、坳陷与重力异常的高、低存在明显的对应关系,并给出了它们的下延深度。分析结果显示,华北裂陷盆地内深大断裂两侧岩石密度存在较大差异。采用帕克法反演得到华北地区莫霍界面深度在29～42 km范围内,在太行山与华北平原交界地区存在明显的地壳厚度变化梯级带。     

三河-平谷8.0级地震区浅层三维密度结构反演研究

为研究三河-平谷地震区浅层构造背景、地震孕育机理及地震与构造的关系,利用高精度重力异常数据,采用基于块体生长模式的重力三维反演算法对地震区浅层三维密度结构进行反演,并通过模拟试算验证基于块体生长模式反演方法的有效性和稳定性。高精度布格重力异常显示,三河-平谷8.0级地震位于大兴重力局部高、三河-马坊重力局部高与大厂重力低之间的交汇过渡低值区域。研究区浅层三维密度结构反演结果表明,1679年三河-平谷M8.0地震明显受NE向夏垫断裂控制,断裂两侧密度差异明显且向下延伸约10 km,推测发震部位深约10 km。     

重力位三阶梯度张量及其勘探能力初步分析

在重力位三阶梯度张量基本原理的基础上,给出均匀球体重力位零阶至三阶梯度张量的解析表达式,结合理论分析与模型实验,对比各阶梯度张量对场源参数(质量与埋深、水平位置与几何形状)的敏感性。结果表明,重力位三阶梯度张量随场源与观测点之间距离的增大衰减最快。重力曲率张量具有如下特征:对场源埋深变化具有最高的敏感性;对浅部的剩余质量探测能力最强,对深部的剩余质量探测能力最弱;对场源的水平分辨能力及几何形态的区分能力随场源埋深的增大而减小,但重力曲率张量的分辨能力最强;三阶梯度张量的独立元素个数最多,场空间分布形态的类型也最多样,在相同测点分布情况下能够捕获更多的场与场源信息,尤其是重力场的短波成分与浅部的剩余质量。     

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Ore-controlling effect of structure and distribution of deep rock mass on Pb-Zn deposit in Qingchengzi ore concentration area,Liaoning

Qingchengzi ore concentration area in Liao-Ji rift is an important lead-zinc ore area of China,and the deep prospecting in this area has great prospects.Based on the spatial occurrence of ore bodies the Pb-Zn deposit can be divided into three types:layered,vein-shaped and pinnate.The deep geological conditions in this area are deduced by analyzing the tectonic evolution process and rock mass gravity inversion.The tectonic evolution of Liao-Ji rift can be divided into three stages:Paleoproterozoic extension period,Mesoproterozoic compression period and Mesozoic reactivation period.The magmatic activities in the Indosinian epoch led to the distribution pattern of the present deposits.According to the gravity inversion,Shuangdinggou-and Xinling rock masses on the north and south sides of the mining area are connected in the deep.The connected rock body might be distributed in the entire mining area.Xinling rock mass may be a branch extending from Shuangdinggou rock mass along the northeast trending fault,the connected rocks provide magmatic hydrothermal fluid for the final,folds and faults result in different types of ore body shapes.     

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基于重力垂直梯度的欧拉反褶积改进措施

欧拉反褶积反演解的发散与不稳定性一直制约着其实用效果。为此,提出利用垂直梯度反演和筛选准则并在分辨信号极值区域基础上进行重力反演等改进方法。通过模型试算,全面分析它们相对常规重力数据反演方法的效果。结果表明,改进方法能明显提高反演解水平位置和深度的精度和收敛性。     

Application of gravity inversion focused in Changbai Mountain

Focusing inversion is accomplished by the iterative of abnormal source to make the image gradually focused. It can better reflect the underground geological geometry and physical parameters. The model experiments in the study show that gravity focusing inversion allows inversion image stabilization and polymerization, which solves the multiple solutions and instability of inversion and so on. The method is applied to measured gravity data processing of certain region of Changbai Mountain, compared to Euler deconvolution, the results show that the method for determining the horizontal position and depth of underground anomalies has good efforts.     

3D joint inversion of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric and magnetotelluric data

Different geophysical exploration methods have significant differences in terms of exploration depth, especially in frequency domain electromagnetic(EM) exploration. According to the definition of skin depth, this difference will increase with the effective detection frequency of the method. As a result,when performing three-dimensional inversion on single type of EM data, it is not possible to effectively distinguish the subsurface geoelectric structure at the full scale. Therefore, it is neces...     

1∶5万高精度重磁测量在栖霞-蓬莱金铜多金属成矿预测区的应用效果

阐述了1∶5万高精度重磁测量在栖霞-蓬莱金铜多金属成矿预测区的应用效果,高精度重力测量对老、中、新地层反映明显,表现出较好的对应关系。根据该次高精度重磁资料推测了测区内的构造及中生代侵入岩体的分布,圈定了成矿远景区,显示出高精度重磁测量在成矿预测区较好的地质找矿效果,为该区下一步金铜多金属找矿工作提供了较好的依据。     

地质模式约束的SVR属性融合在浅水三角洲储层描述中的应用: 以西湖凹陷X气田为例

X气田位于东海盆地西湖凹陷中央反转构造带,主要目的层H4层为浅水三角洲沉积环境,气田地震资料主频较低（25 Hz）,而H4层埋深较大（3 300~3 400 m）,储层低孔低渗,常规地震反演预测砂体厚度吻合度较低。针对X气田三维地震资料全覆盖及钻井较少的特点,通过地质模式指导下的正反演结合设置虚拟井来弥补SVR（Support Vector Regression）算法中样本点的不足,通过提取地震属性并优选表征砂体厚度的敏感属性,利用SVR算法进行多属性融合,完成了H4层砂体的定量预测。基于储层预测成果,提出H4层为浅水三角洲曲流型分流河道沉积,并进一步完成了砂体沉积模式解剖,成功指导了开发调整井部署,实钻砂体厚度与预测砂体厚度吻合度高达84%以上。探索得到了海上少井条件下地质模式约束的SVR算法储层定量预测方案,对X气田中深层分流河道储层完成了精准预测,亦对同类型油气田的储层描述具有一定指导意义。      

基于重力测点和段差变化的前郭5.8级震群研究与三维反演

利用东北地区近几年流动重力观测数据,分析前郭5.8级震群周边重力点值的时序变化特征,并基于重力段差变化对东北地区整体和局部重力变化引入能够反映异常显著性程度的指标量G和C值,最后对前郭5.8级震群前的重力场动态变化作三维密度反演。结果表明：1）前郭5.8级震群发震构造两侧的局部重力变化具有较明显的差异性,其变化趋势可作为识别构造活化或解耦运动的标志;2）显著性指标量G和C值能够为地震重力前兆的定量描述提供新思路;3）震前重力变化的反演结果显示地震发生在质量运移的过渡区域,垂向反演结果对本次地震的震源深度有一定的揭示意义。