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<正>1研究背景早在1908年,Van Bemmelen就报道了伦敦和巴黎两地地磁台在磁暴急始期间垂直分量出现反相位变化的现象,随着观测资料的积累与研究的深入,陆续在日本中部、德国北部、中国甘肃中部等地区发现了地磁变化异常。根据磁变周期范围及异常特点推断,引起地磁异常变化的电导率异常区通常位于地壳和上地幔(徐文耀等,1978)。理论计算和实际观测结果均表明:地震发生前,发震构造及区域的地壳、上地幔岩石电导率往往会发生变化(杜学彬等,2015)。 相似文献
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地磁活动性是范围广、分量多、种类繁、形态异、频谱宽、原因复杂的时变过程.面对如此复杂的地磁活动性,除了分门别类逐一进行深入研究之外,根据实测资料,用简便易行的分类和简单明了的指标,对地磁活动性进行总体检阅和形态学描述也是非常必要的.于是,各种地磁活动指数应运而生.地磁指数不仅是表征地磁活动现象的重要参数,其应用范围逐渐扩展到日地能量耦合计算、电离层一磁层一太阳风空问环境状态描述、空间环境监测、空间天气预报等许多相关领域."地磁活动指数化"的思想正在向别的领域扩展,其构建原理和量算方法也在不断改进和完善.本文将现有的约50种地磁活动指数分两大类型,综述其提出背景和发展过程,分析其使用范围和优缺点,探讨地磁活动指数未来发展的趋势. 相似文献
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中国地磁测量、地磁图和地磁场模型的回顾 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
系统回顾中国地磁测量、地磁图和地磁场模型的发展过程.我国每10a(1950-2000年)进行一次全国范围的三分量地磁测量(磁偏角、磁倾角、水平强度或总强度),并出版相应年代的中国地磁图.还出版了1965.0年青藏高原地磁图、1980.0年青海省地磁图以及1990.0年中国海域地磁偏角图.地磁场模型包括多项式模型、矩谐模型、冠谐模型和曲面样条函数模型.根据相同的地磁资料,分别计算1950-2000年中国地磁场的多项式模型和冠谐模型. 相似文献
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本文收集了1973—1977年北京、红山、昌黎、青光地磁台2206个急始型与湾扰型的短周期变化事件,以及80个磁暴的资料。在周期与视周期为1分钟至24小时的频率域内,分析了各台△Z/△H 及其随周期的变化,以及 Wiese 矢量的变化,比较了各台地磁短周期变化的 H、Z、D 分量相对于红山台的变化。分析结果表明:(1)在唐山震区周围的渤海地区确实存在地磁短周期变化异常,其空间分布与频率特性相当稳定,似乎不受唐山地震的影响。(2)从各台结果的分析比较中发现,只有昌黎台地磁短周期变化持续时间为1—5分钟的(?)在唐山地震前后存在明显差异。唐山地震前,昌黎台的 Wiese 矢量及其偏差矢量的变化较大,可能反映了在唐山地震孕育过程中地下电导率的变异,上述昌黎台地震前后1—5分钟(?)的显著差异,也许与地震前后地下电导率变异有关。综合考虑异常的时空特性、频率范围与唐山地震的关系,上述差异性可能是唐山地震短周期地磁效应的反映。 相似文献
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应用数字多道预测滤波技术排除短周期地磁总强度数据噪声. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对数字多道预测滤波技术应用于排除小型地震地磁台网短周期总强度数据噪声的有效性进行了探讨.结果表明,该技术可以通过利用外源磁扰矢量来有效地拟合总强度差值中的内源电磁感应差值场,从而成功地降低差值的噪声水平.本文采用的两对差值实例中,滤波质量因子Q分别达到0.86和0.68.频谱分析表明,在无大的地磁事件发生的通常情况下,拟合差值的周期成分以与Sq变化周期相应的1~4次谐波为主.最佳滤波器的长度主要取决于差值中可预测能量频率的高低,同时,还可能与输入和期望输出间的位相差异有关.研究表明,难以得到同时满足磁扰日与磁静日的普适滤波器.对京西延庆-怀来盆地地磁资料的实例分析,显示出该地区地下电导率的分布可能极不均匀. 相似文献
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A high resolution geophysical survey was carried out on the Pont De Coq, a medieval stone arch bridge located in Normandy (France) in 2011 and 2012. Two complementary methods are used: Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground PenetratingRadar (GPR). They allow to evaluate the structural state of the bridge and to characterize the subsurface around and beneath the bridge. An excellent correlation is obtained between the geophysical methods and the geological data obtained around the bridge. In order to improve the restitution of the geophysical data, an advanced photogrammetric method is performed, providing a high resolution 3D Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the Pont de Coq. The advanced photogrammetry enhances the presentation of the GPR and ERT data. This approach is an easy-to-use, rapid and cost-effective tool for stakeholders. Finally, it is a promising and original method for improved interpretations of future geophysical surveys. 相似文献
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Slopes of an airborne electromagnetic resistivity model interpolated jointly with borehole data for 3D geological modelling 下载免费PDF全文
P.‐A. Reninger G. Martelet J. Perrin J. Deparis Y. Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):1085-1096
We investigate a novel way to introduce resistivity models deriving from airborne electromagnetic surveys into regional geological modelling. Standard geometrical geological modelling can be strengthened using geophysical data. Here, we propose to extract information contained in a resistivity model in the form of local slopes that constrain the modelling of geological interfaces. The proposed method is illustrated on an airborne electromagnetic survey conducted in the region of Courtenay in France. First, a resistivity contrast corresponding to the clay/chalk interface was interpreted confronting the electromagnetic soundings to boreholes. Slopes were then sampled on this geophysical model and jointly interpolated with the clay/chalk interface documented in boreholes using an implicit 3D potential‐field method. In order to evaluate this new joint geophysical–geological model, its accuracy was compared with that of both pure geological and pure geophysical models for various borehole configurations. The proposed joint modelling yields the most accurate clay/chalk interface whatever the number and location of boreholes taken into account for modelling and validation. Compared with standard geological modelling, the approach introduces in between boreholes geometrical information derived from geophysical results. Compared with conventional resistivity interpretation of the geophysical model, it reduces drift effects and honours the boreholes. The method therefore improves what is commonly obtained with geological or geophysical data separately, making it very attractive for robust 3D geological modelling of the subsurface. 相似文献
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地球物理信号能量(密度)多维分形及应用 总被引:1,自引:11,他引:1
地球物理信号代表的地质地球物理过程在多种尺度上和尺度之间表现为自相似性(self-affinity)或尺度无关性(Scale Invariant),称为地球物理信号的分形性质,多个分形地球物理信号叠加在一起表现为多维分形特征,研究多维分形地球物理信号的能量或能量密度特征,可以进行时间或空间地球物理信号的校正、奇异性研究分析,或进行不同地球物理动力学过程的分解,本文描述了地球物理时间(空间)信号的多维分形过程和功率谱密度(能量密度)与波数以及重磁场能谱密度及面积(能量)与能谱密度的多维分形关系,并用地球物理测井与重磁资料作了试算。 相似文献
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Albert Casas Pietro L. Cosentino Gianluca Fiandaca Mahjoub Himi Josep M. Macias Raffaele Martorana Andreu Muñoz Lluís Rivero Roger Sala Imma Teixell 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(6):1107-1124
An integrated geophysical survey has been conducted at the Tarragona’s Cathedral (Catalonia, NE Spain) with the aim to confirm the potential occurrence of archaeological remains of the Roman Temple dedicated to the Emperor Augustus. Many hypotheses have been proposed about its possible location, the last ones regarding the inner part of the Cathedral, which is one of the most renowned temples of Spain (twelfth century) evolving from Romanesque to Gothic styles. A geophysical project including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground probing radar (GPR) was planned over 1 year considering the administrative and logistic difficulties of such a project inside a cathedral of religious veneration. Finally, both ERT and GPR have been conducted during a week of intensive overnight surveys that provided detailed information on subsurface existing structures. The ERT method has been applied using different techniques and arrays, ranging from standard Wenner–Schlumberger 2D sections to full 3D electrical imaging with the advanced Maximum Yield Grid array. Electrical resistivity data were recorded extensively, making available many thousands of apparent resistivity data to obtain a complete 3D image after a full inversion. In conclusion, some significant buried structures have been revealed providing conclusive information for archaeologists. GPR results provided additional information about shallowest structures. The geophysical results were clear enough to persuade religious authorities and archaeologists to conduct selected excavations in the most promising areas that confirmed the interpretation of geophysical data. In conclusion, the significant buried structures revealed by geophysical methods under the cathedral were confirmed by archaeological digging as the basement of the impressive Roman Temple that headed the Provincial Forum of Tarraco, seat of the Concilium of Hispania Citerior Province. 相似文献
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《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,113(3-4):363-378
First, we outline the theory of the three-dimensional (3D) probability tomography for any generic vector or scalar geophysical field and define an approach to the integrated tomography of any pair of geophysical data sets collected in the same area. Then, we discuss the results of the application of the 3D probability tomography to the Mount Vesuvius volcanic complex, considering gravity, magnetic and self-potential survey data. The most important feature resulting from the integrated tomography regards the Mt. Vesuvius plumbing system. A unique central conduit is outlined at the intersection between a W–E- and a N—S-trending vertical boundary planes. The top terminal part of this conduit appears completely filled with magnetized and less dense volcanic material. This new information, combined with previous indications about the probable existence of a magma reservoir at 8–10 km of depth, strengthen the hypothesis that Mount Vesuvius is still to be considered a highly hazardous volcano. 相似文献
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为了对多条二维剖面资料进行统一分析和解释,本文考虑了各剖面交点处的约束条件,通过建立统一的偏导矩阵,将各剖面资料联立求解.利用该方法对中国地震局地球物理勘探中心在首都圈内6条人工地震宽角反射/折射剖面资料进行了重新处理和解释,得到该地区的地壳三维速度结构和构造特征.在此基础上,结合其他地球物理研究成果,确定了壳内存在的4处低速层(体)的空间范围及断裂的走向. 相似文献
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地球物理数据在采集和处理过程中,由于存在噪声、模型误差、以及数据离散化误差等系统误差,导致了异常体边界模糊和模型分辨率降低等一些不可避免的不良系统退化效应的产生.本文提出了一种新的地球物理反演模型增强方法,通过消除反演估计模型中的系统误差,压制模型中的不良系统退化效应,增强反演模型的分辨率.文章从理论上分析了数据中存在的系统误差对模型求解的影响,提出了一个新的系统误差褶积退化模型,并根据该模型提出了一种基于混合范数总变分正则化的盲反褶积模型增强算法.最后,文章通过1D线性反演增强试验和2D大地电磁反演增强试验,验证了所提出的地球物理系统退化模型的正确性,以及盲反褶积增强算法的有效性.试验结果表明,方法可以有效地提高反演参数模型的分辨率. 相似文献
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Daan Herckenrath Nick Odlum Vanessa Nenna Rosemary Knight Esben Auken Peter Bauer‐Gottwein 《Ground water》2013,51(3):385-397
Salt water intrusion models are commonly used to support groundwater resource management in coastal aquifers. Concentration data used for model calibration are often sparse and limited in spatial extent. With airborne and ground‐based electromagnetic surveys, electrical resistivity models can be obtained to provide high‐resolution three‐dimensional models of subsurface resistivity variations that can be related to geology and salt concentrations on a regional scale. Several previous studies have calibrated salt water intrusion models with geophysical data, but are typically limited to the use of the inverted electrical resistivity models without considering the measured geophysical data directly. This induces a number of errors related to inconsistent scales between the geophysical and hydrologic models and the applied regularization constraints in the geophysical inversion. To overcome these errors, we perform a coupled hydrogeophysical inversion (CHI) in which we use a salt water intrusion model to interpret the geophysical data and guide the geophysical inversion. We refer to this methodology as a Coupled Hydrogeophysical Inversion‐State (CHI‐S), in which simulated salt concentrations are transformed to an electrical resistivity model, after which a geophysical forward response is calculated and compared with the measured geophysical data. This approach was applied for a field site in Santa Cruz County, California, where a time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) dataset was collected. For this location, a simple two‐dimensional cross‐sectional salt water intrusion model was developed, for which we estimated five uniform aquifer properties, incorporating the porosity that was also part of the employed petrophysical relationship. In addition, one geophysical parameter was estimated. The six parameters could be resolved well by fitting more than 300 apparent resistivities that were comprised by the TDEM dataset. Except for three sounding locations, all the TDEM data could be fitted close to a root‐mean‐square error of 1. Possible explanations for the poor fit of these soundings are the assumption of spatial uniformity, fixed boundary conditions and the neglecting of 3D effects in the groundwater model and the TDEM forward responses. 相似文献
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为解决地球物理反演中多解性的问题,综合多种地球物理信息的联合反演受到了广泛的关注.本文依据不同地球物理响应可能由相同异常体引起,而不同地球物理分布参数之间存在相关性等特点,提出了一种基于局部Pearson相关系数约束的联合反演方法.该方法假设每个局部区域模型参数的分布具有线性相关特性,在拟合不同类型观测数据时,对局部模型参数施加相关性约束,进行联合反演以减少多解性.本文采用交替迭代联合反演流程,改善了同一目标函数下联合反演收敛性和速度问题.基于新的联合反演方法和流程,我们测试了三维大地电磁和重力仿真数据的联合反演.结果表明,本文提出的基于局部相关性约束的联合反演方法,能充分利用大地电磁和重力观测数据信息,有效改善单一地球物理反演收敛性和多解性的问题,反演效果得到明显提升. 相似文献