斑节对虾高密度养殖配合饲料的研制

为了适应斑节对虾高密度养殖业迅猛发展的需要,研制了粤海牌斑节对虾饲料。该饲料配方合理,工艺先进,不加粘结剂,能达到水中稳定性的要求。试验结果表明。饵料系数１．３９－２．１８,饲养７９－１２６ｄ,产量６８７０－９２４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,收规格５４－７２属／ｋｇ,饲养的斑节对虾肌肉饱满,活力强。     

斑节对虾高密度养殖配合饲料的研制

为了适应斑节对虾高密度养殖业迅猛发展的需要,研制了粤海牌斑节对虾饲料。该饲料配方合理,工艺先进,不加粘结剂,能达到水中稳定性的要求。试验结果表明：饵料系数1．39～2．18,饲养79～126d,产量6870～9240kg／hm2,收虾规格54～72尾／kg;饲养的斑节对虾肌肉饱满,活力强。     

A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

1　Introduction　Proteinisanimportantnutritionalingredientofaquaticfeed .Thehighproteinneedsoffish ,shrimpandmostotheraquaticanimalsissuppliedmainlybyfishmeal (WilliamsandBarlow ,1996 ) .Recently ,thefishmeal,asamainproteinsourceofaquaticfeedisshort suppliedintheinternationalmarketanditspriceisbecominghigherandhigher .Therefore ,itisnecessarytofindsubstitutesoffishmealasaproteinsourceofaquaticfeed .　Someotheranimalby productmealssuchasmeatandbonemeal (MBM )andpoultryby productmeal(PBM )ha…     

天然植物提取物对鲤鱼生长性能及血液学指标的影响

于建鲤(Cyprinuscarpio var.jian)饲料中添加质量分数0.10%、0.15%和0.20%天然植物提取物(类黄酮、多糖),研究天然植物提取物对建鲤生产性能及血液学指标的影响,确定适宜的添加量。结果表明,综合比较成活率、饵料系数、单位产量等指标后,提取物添加量以0.15%为最佳。0.15%添加量组与对照组比较,成活率提高4.7%,饲料系数提高10%,单位产量提高18.8%,血液指标中红细胞增加44.5%、白细胞增加45%、中性白细胞增加15.22%、血红素增加10.6%。表明天然植物提取物(类黄酮、多糖)具有多种生物学效应。     

不同饲料蛋白水平下L-肉碱对新吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼生长和饲料利用的影响

研究了三个蛋白水平(22%、25%、28%)和五个L-肉碱水平(0、200、400、600、800mg/kg)下尼罗罗非鱼生长和饲料利用率。结果表明,随着饲料中蛋白水平的提高,罗非鱼幼鱼的终体重、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈上升趋势,而饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随饲料蛋白水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05);同等蛋白水平下,终体重、WGR和SGR均在L-肉碱添加量为200mg/kg时最高,不添加L-肉碱组最小;在添加400mg/kgL-肉碱时FCR最小,而PER最大,与不添加L-肉碱组比较,差异均显著(P<0.05)。说明饲料中蛋白含量和L-肉碱添加量能显著影响罗非鱼幼鱼的生长和饲料利用,而外源性L-肉碱可明显促进罗非鱼生长,提高饲料转化效率。     

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus：stocking density on growth, pigmentation and feed conversion

1 INTRODUCTION Turbot is a type of marine flatfish naturally distributing along the coastal area of European. It is highly demanded for good taste. The price therefore, is very expensive. To meet the consump- tion, large-scale turbot cultures were perform…     

EM培养物在断奶仔猪中的应用

在饲料中添加EM(effective microorganism)培养物，对断乳仔猪进行饲养和疾病防治试验。结果表明：添加EM或EM培养物的试验I组和试验Ⅱ组及治疗组的平均增重比对照组平均增重分别高出2．26kg、2．34kg和1．27kg。试验I组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的平均增重与对照组的平均增重间的差异在1％水平上显著；试验I组和试验Ⅱ组的平均增重间差异不显著。试验I组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的料重比分别比对照组降低0．19、0．18、0．11。试验组的发病率为6．7％，对照组的发病率为40％，而防治组中患白痢的仔猪在4d内完全康复。故在仔猪饲粮中添加EM培养物，可提高饲料利用率和仔猪的生长速度，及增强机体抗病力。     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

计算机多元分析在饲料研究中的应用

本文用多元分析方法运用电子计算机依10种动物必需氨基酸构成比例对58种饲料进行数值分类。分类是用欧氏距离作为相似性测度,聚类算法采用类平均距离法,得到一系统聚类图。     

用脱毒菜粕代替豆粕饲喂肉猪试验

用２４头杂种仔猪随机分为３组,分别饲喂０、２５％和５０％的脱毒菜粕替代豆粕配制的日粮。结果：试验组猪的日增重分别提高３．９６％放４．７２％,饲料报酬分别提高３．３％和３．２％;每ｋｇ增重的饲料费分别比对照组低０．２５和０．３０元,每头猪多盈利３１．４和３８．２元。说明以一定比例的菜 粕代替豆粕完全可行,经济效益显著。     

草鱼、鲤鱼肠道、肝胰脏消化酶活性的初步研究

用两种不同蛋白质和糖类水平的饲料喂养草鱼、鲤鱼夏花及一龄鱼种，通过对两种鱼肝胰脏及肠道的消化酶活性测定发现，在一定温度条件下，随着水温升高，两种鱼肠道及肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶比活均升高；鱼类摄食后六小时酶比活明显大于摄食后二十四小时的酶比活，在水温２５℃条件下，用两种不同饲料分别饲养草鱼、鲤鱼六周后发现：随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高，草鱼、鲤鱼肝胰脏中蛋白酶比活明显升高鲤，而总肠变化不显著；随饲料中糖量水平的提高，草鱼肝胰脏及肠道的淀粉酶比活明显升高，而鲤鱼差异不显著．草鱼，鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶比活以后肠最高，中肠次之，前肠最小。而肠道淀粉酶比活性却随饲料成分而发生差异。两种鱼肝胰脏消化酶活性均为一龄鱼种大于夏花阶段，这与组织切片的观察结果相符。     

广西天然矿物饲料资源及其开发利用可能性的初步研究

本文在综合资料的基础上,重点评价了广西境内适宜畜禽饲料添加用的主要天然矿物资源的种类、数量、质量、分布及开采技术条件,论述了开发利用广西天然矿物饲料资源的可行性和必要性。并选择了岑溪县沸石、桂平县麦饭石进行畜禽喂养对比试验:在猪饲料中添加3—5％沸石粉,平均日增重提高0.5—7.7％,饲料转化率提高3.7—5.0％,每头猪可增加收入8—14.6元;添加1％沸石、麦饭石复合剂,猪平均日增重提高11.9％,饲料转化率提高1.9％,每头猪可增加收入10.65元;在鸡饲料中添加3％麦饭石粉,不影响肉鸡的增重和肉质,并可提高饲料报酬,每百公斤饲料成本下降2.70元。开发利用天然矿物饲料资源,在技术上是可行的,在经济上是可取的。     

Phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） under graded feeding levels

Experiment on phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） was conducted at water temperature 21℃ and salinity 33. The results showed that the growth phosphorus （phosphorus that allocated into growth, GP） increased from -30.84% to 15.83% by feeding on graded amount of diets （starvation, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% body weight and satiation）. The GP linearly increased with feeding levels （FL） as GP （mg） = - 0.785 ＋ 0.604 FL, and at satiation the relationship between GP and body weight （BW） was GP （mg） = 1,5991 BW0.7685. In the budget, IP （intake phosphorus） = GP ＋ FP （faecal phosphorus） ＋ EP （excretion phosphorus）. FP showed an irregular tendency with different feeding levels, and EP decreased with increasing feeding levels but rebound at satiation. The P budget at satiation was 100IP = 15.84 GP ＋ 64.62 FP ＋ 19.55 EP.     

A survey of fodder plants in mid-altitude Himalayan rangelands of Uttarakhand,India

Himalayan rangelands, the crucial but by and large the neglected ecosystems, are an integral part of mountain farming systems. The present investigation is based on the extensive survey and collection of mid-altitude range plants from Almora and Champawat districts of Kumaun division in the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India, from September 2003 to June 2007. The rangelands studied were oak types, chirpine types, grass types and mixed ones. Some 300 species of grasses, other herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs were found in the mid-altitude rangelands. A sizeable number of species belonged to the family of Poaceae. The grass-dominated rangelands especially harboured a variety of grass species of good fodder value. The diversity of fodder plants is a proportion of the enormous biodiversity occurring in the parts of the Himalaya. A panorama of the biodiversity emerged in this study, which is of both intangible value and direct value for the livestock- and rangeland- dependent mountain communities, suggests a very high scope of the utilization of this natural and uncultivated biodiversity for supporting livestock- based livelihoods of the region. This biodiversity also has enormous bearing on the cultivated area of the region.     

奶牛饲料使用天然矿物添加剂的研究

作者利用金华的麦饭石、沸石、膨润土、白云石等天然矿物原料按比例配成添加剂，对144头奶牛进行了对比试验，研究结果其产奶量，牛粪残留物、鲜奶化学成份、血液红细胞等检测表明：增加产奶量为15．04％（差异极显著P＜0．01），增加红细胞数为5．8％，提高粗蛋白消化率为18．8％，粗脂肪消化率为13．0％，粗纤维消化率为11．7％，调节机体对矿物元素的吸收，提高机体素质，为矿物开发利用提供理论依据。     

不同食物与放养水层对九孔鲍生长的影响

采用室内池子多层笼养殖方式,以加工海带、鲜江蓠与Ａ,Ｂ２种片状饲料为饵料,试验了不同食物与不同放养水层对九孔鲍生长影响,结果表明：（１）从壳长增长上,海带与饲料Ｂ近似,各为１１．３与１１．２ｍｍ;其次为饲料Ａ,１０．２ｍｍ;而江蓠最差,仅７．７ｍｍ;（２）在体重增长上,以饲料Ｂ最高,平均每只为３．３ｇ,其次为饲料Ａ与海带,平均每只２．９ｇ,而江蓠仅１．８ｇ;（３）从试验期间所获体重增长比壳长增长看,两种饲料（Ｂ为２９５,Ａ为２８４ｍｇ／ｍｍ）均比两种海藻高（海带为２５７,江蓠为２３４ｍｇ／ｍｍ）;（４）从垂直１１层笼子九孔鲍生长的比较,下层的好于上层,越是下层越好,投喂两种饲料在体重上差别更明显。     

复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响

在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。     

不同形式钴对凡纳滨对虾生长和组织钴含量的影响

为研究氨基酸鳌合钴对凡纳滨对虾的营养效果．在凡纳滨对虾配合饲料中添加5、10、15mg／kg的氯化钴和蛋氨酸钴。饲养8周．4周末（饲养中期）称重．8周末称重并采集对虾肝胰脏和肌肉．测定肝胰脏和肌肉中的钴含量。结果表明：钴的添加形式和钴水平不影响对虾0～4周增重率．15mg／kg蛋氨酸钴显著提高了对虾0～8周增重率，且两种形式的钴之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。5、10mg／kg的蛋氨酸钴和5、10、15mg／kg的氯化钴不影响8周末对虾的增重率。特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率的变化趋势与增重率类似。钴的添加形式和钴水平不影响肌肉中的钴含量。15mg／kg的氯化钴组肝胰脏中钴含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）．其他各组间无显著差异；蛋氨酸钴各组肝胰脏中钴含量无显著差异；钴的添加形式不影响肝胰脏中钴含量。统计结果表明。促进生长方面，两种钴之间存在显著差异，蛋氨酸钴的营养效果好于氯化钴。饲料中蛋氨酸钴的添加量为15mg／kg时．对虾生长最快．5mg／kg时．可满足需要。     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡早期生长和组织器官发育的影响

在肉仔鸡基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺进行21d的试验，观察了其对肉仔鸡早期生长性能和组织器官发育的影响。试验表明，在肉仔鸡饲料中添加适宜的谷氨酰胺，有利于提高肉仔鸡的体重、日增重、饲料报酬和成活率，添加量为0．8％时效果最好，且谷氨酰胺添加量为0．8％时可明显提高21日龄时法氏囊、脾脏、肝脏和胰腺的重量以及法氏囊指数。