黑色合成碳硅石在群镶钻石首饰中的鉴定特征

近期,在珠宝市场上的一件＂黑白钻＂首饰中发现混有黑色合成碳硅石,该情况应引起国内外各珠宝检测机构的足够重视。采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪等测试方法对黑色合成碳硅石样品做了较详细测试与分析。结果显示,放大检查可见黑色合成碳硅石的表面粗糙,棱角圆钝,并伴有各种生长缺陷,部分可见残留的单晶硅;黑色合成碳硅石的红外反射光谱非常特征,且其拉曼散射光谱也缺失钻石位于1 332cm-1处的特征峰,可与黑色钻石相区别。     

大别山南部天然碳硅石

根据1975年的矿点检查报告,在大别山南部董家山蛇纹岩体的人工重砂和岩石薄片中,发现确有天然碳硅石存在。大部分碳硅石单晶为六方板状,一部分为不规则形,最大粒径450μm×100μm,一般250μm×150μm。薄片中的粒径较小。单晶的拉曼光谱位移峰值稳定,薄片中碳硅石的拉曼位移峰也都在误差范围内。单晶以二轴晶(+)为主,部分为一轴晶(+),薄片中晶体几乎都为二轴晶(+)。虽然天然碳硅石可以产出于任何岩石中,但是原位的天然碳硅石只见于陨石和金伯利岩中,本文发现的很可能是首例地球蛇纹岩中的原位天然碳硅石。天然碳硅石与人工合成的碳化硅在结晶行为、光学性质和红外光谱方面有明显不同,成分也有差异,但拉曼光谱虽有差别却不明显。由于碳硅石与金刚石有类似的四面体方向sp3异化键和相同的滑动面,可能有类似的变形条件。根据碳硅石有晶内变形,推测其形成于≥300km的深度,这对认识大别山南部构造演化有重要意义。     

溆浦碳硅石的发现及其地质意义

碳硅石(SiC)是一种少见矿物,它有两种变体:α—碳硅石和β碳硅石。α—碳硅石具纤锌矿型结构,β—碳硅石具闪锌矿型结构。α—碳硅石除了在月岩中发现有外,在地球上曾先后发现于陨石、金伯利岩、火成碳酸岩及火山角砾岩中。溆浦发现的碳硅石,产于中都金矿含金石英脉上盘板溪群马底驿组千枚岩及板岩中。先是在人工重砂中发现,后反复采样验证,最近又在岩石薄片中找到,并作了比较系统的矿物     

关于碳硅石的资料

作者根据所掌握的资料,从碳硅石的发现与研究史,碳硅石的矿物学特征,碳硅石在自然界中出现的规律,碳硅石的形成条件及可能的成因等方面作了综合性报导.从而,使我们对迄今为止,在我国文献资料中还没有详细论述过的这一个矿物有更多的了解,以推动我们对碳硅石的进一步研究.     

植硅石分析在第四纪环境研究中的应用

简介了植硅石分析方法在第四纪环境研究中的应用，包括植硅石的研究现状，现化性质，实验室析方法及其应用领域，并将植硅石与孢粉进行了对比，表明了植硅石特有的性质，并将它运用到南方网纹红土的研究中来恢复当时的古气候，为可靠地发掘网纹红土中赋存的生物－气候信息提供了新依据。     

高家坳金矿中发现碳硅石

高家坳金矿中发现碳硅石唐建美湖南省矿产测试利用研究所长沙４１０００７关键词金矿，碳硅石，高家坳Ｍｏｉｓｓａｎｉｔｅ，ａＤｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｉｔｉｎＧａｏｊｉａａｏＧｏｌｄＤｅｐｏｓｉｔ￥ＴａｎｇＪｉａｎｍｅｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｓｔａｎｄＡｐ...     

江西丰城天然微纳米硅碳矿床Re-Os同位素定年研究

江西省丰城石炉坑天然微纳米硅碳矿床为全球首例由植硅石成矿的沉积矿床，矿床的开发对信息技术、新能源、新材料、高端制造等战略性新兴产业具有关键作用，硅碳矿在分布范围、成因类型、资源类型等方面与石英、石墨不同，作为新矿种开展研究特别是年代学研究具有重要意义。在富有机质沉积岩定年研究中，Re-Os同位素定年作为一种强有力的测试手段，其应用多集中在海相沉积岩，而湖相沉积岩受物源、地质作用、陆源碎屑物质等多种因素影响则少见成功报道。为精确厘定石炉坑硅碳矿床的成矿时代，本文尝试利用Re-Os同位素测试对矿区石炉坑组下段7件植硅石岩进行定年研究，获得植硅石岩的Re-Os同位素年龄为43.1±3.7Ma(n=7,MSWD=6.2)，直接指示了石炉坑植硅石岩成岩成矿时代为古近纪始新世。研究表明，植硅石岩中Re/Os高分异(均值525.1)与其沉积环境、生物沉积作用有关。¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os较高的初始值(1.713±0.0036)则受沉积环境、区域岩石及构造运动共同影响。本研究成果体现了Re-Os同位素体系对湖相沉积岩测年研究的适用性。     

碳酸盐岩中的碳硅石

西伯利亚碳酸盐岩中最近发现稀有的碳硅石矿物,即天然的“人造金刚砂”,Sic(根据苏联矿物学会会志第92卷6号,1963年12月,716—718页,格鲁欣娜和其他作者合著“碳酸盐岩矿床中的碳硅石”)。     

一种植硅石沉积天然微纳米硅碳矿的发现

全球尚无植硅石成矿的先例,近年在江西省丰城市石炉坑发现一种植硅石沉积的天然微纳米硅碳矿床。赋矿岩石由浅灰色—灰黑色植硅石岩,是由大量植硅体堆积固结成岩形成的植硅石,不含孢粉也极少见硅藻,形成于始新世中期—中新世早期温暧湖泽环境沉积。硅碳矿石主要由微米—纳米级石英和固定碳组成,含少量其他杂质;SiO2含量65%~85%、固定碳9%~20%,硅和碳矿物具多孔结构。硅碳矿石通过超细研磨和分选的方式,可获得微米级石英产率49.7%,SiO2含量99.95%,其中粒度在80~200 nm纳米级石英产率可达25%,微米级碳产率30%。植硅石经湿法物理分选可直接制备橡胶补强填料、高硬碳化硅、污水处理和导电性材料等;经矿石矿物加工分离提纯试验,可得介孔硅、介孔碳、白炭黑、纳微硅粉等材料,其工业价值极高。目前暂定为天然微—纳米硅碳矿床,资源储量规模为大型。     

中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)退变榴辉岩中碳硅石的发现及其地质意义

镜下鉴定和拉幔光谱测试结果表明中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)退变榴辉岩中石榴石内存在除绿辉石、磷灰石、锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石英、菱镁矿和磁铁矿等矿物包裹体外,还存在一种具有重要温压指示意义的碳硅石矿物包裹体.碳硅石包裹体拉幔光谱峰值稳定,主峰变化于786～789cm-1之间,次峰为966～977cm-1,两组弱峰峰值分别为769～781cm-1和915～918cm-1.寄主矿物-石榴石成分的反环带特征及矿物包裹体组合表明CCSD-PP2中退变榴辉岩是在高温高压条件下形成的榴辉岩,经降温降压退变质作用形成的,碳硅石等超高压矿物是在榴辉岩峰期变质作用期间形成的.根据碳硅石形成于极度还原环境、压力大于6.0GPa,温度在1000℃以上的特点并结合前人的矿物温压计算结果分析认为苏鲁超高压变质带中的部分榴辉岩是扬子板块俯冲至200km以下的上地幔下部,经超高压变质作用、形成碳硅石等矿物后快速折返的产物.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861