江苏某材料厂周边农田土壤钼污染特征及农作物健康风险评价

为了解江苏某材料厂金属冶炼活动引发的重金属污染风险,采集周围农田土壤、小麦和水稻籽实样品,确定Mo含量及其在土壤中的形态,采用地质累积指数和富集因子指标评价土壤中钼的污染风险,采用健康风险指数评价小麦、稻米中Mo的健康风险。结果表明,农田土壤中Mo含量在0.50～63.2 mg/kg之间,其平均值5.70 mg/kg远高于全省平均值0.65 mg/kg,表层土壤出现了中度—高度富集,近70%的样点受到不同程度的钼污染,污染范围距该厂300 m,污染深度>1.5 m。土壤中的Mo具有较高的生物有效性,在小麦、水稻籽实中显著富集,主要与土壤具有较高的全Mo含量以及土壤呈碱性有关。基于EPA的健康风险评估方法,食用当地稻米、小麦会产生较大的健康风险。     

东北水稻产区土壤-作物系统锌元素生态地球化学特征

以东北主要水稻产区为研究区,以土壤-作物系统锌元素地球化学为研究对象,进行了系统的野外调查和土壤、水稻样品的采集、测试及统计分析。研究结果表明,东北水稻产区土壤表层锌含量介于11.01~94.95 mg/kg之间,平均值为43.97 mg/kg,锌含量总体处于缺乏状态;籽实锌含量介于14.27~36.92 mg/kg之间,平均值为24.70 mg/kg,样品中97.56%的籽实锌含量满足人体需要从谷物摄取到的量,品质优良;水稻籽实锌生物富集系数从高到低依次为草原风沙土、草甸土、盐渍水稻土、黑土、淹育水稻土、水稻土、暗棕壤、草甸白浆土;水稻籽实中锌元素的富集与土壤表层硼、锗、铋、镉、铅、锂、铍等元素含量呈现不同程度的显著负相关。     

河南黄淮平原土壤中Cu的生态安全评价

在分析河南黄淮平原土壤和小麦籽实中Cu含量分布特征的基础上,利用单项污染指数法对研究区小麦籽实中Cu的污染状况进行评价。其结果为：研究区小麦籽实中Cu的单项污染指数Pi的平均值为0．473,说明研究区小麦籽实未受Cu的污染。Cu的状况良好。进一步讨论了土壤中Cu的含量与小麦籽实中Cu含量间的关系。认为小麦籽实中Cu的积累与土壤中的总Cu无明显的相关关系,而与土壤中的有效态Cu含量具有明显的相关性。据此,将土壤有效态Cu作为土壤Cu生态安全评价的指标。并建立了小麦籽实Cu与土壤有效Cu的响应关系模型,确定了土壤中有效Cu的安全界限值。     

皖南某典型富硒区土壤-水稻重金属生态风险评估

为了解皖南某典型富硒区土壤-水稻重金属生态风险状况,在该地区采集水稻籽粒样品以及对应的根系土壤样品各43件,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数法、危害商法及潜在生态危害指数法等,对土壤-水稻系统中重金属污染生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:水稻样品均达到富硒标准;水稻籽粒及土壤中Cd元素生态风险较高,部分稻米Cd超标。成人和儿童通过食用稻米摄入重金属的复合健康风险指数(THQ)平均值分别为0.897和1.076,说明儿童面临的健康风险高于成人,Cd是主要影响元素。研究区总体上为轻微生态风险,但部分Cd元素达到了中等和强生态风险。     

广西贵港市覃塘区土壤Cu地球化学特征与生态健康研究

【研究目的】铜（Cu）是人体必需的微量元素之一,适量摄入Cu十分重要,但缺乏或过量摄入Cu,对人体健康也有损害。因此,通过获知每个人日摄入Cu含量范围,进而确定农产品与土壤的Cu含量最佳范围对保障人体健康至关重要。【研究方法】本文以广西贵港市覃塘区为研究区,依据研究区内居民膳食结构调查结果,以及1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查获取的土壤、农作物及根系土中Cu含量,研究了土壤与水稻籽实中Cu含量特征与空间分布规律,分析了水稻籽实吸收Cu元素的影响因素,研究构建了水稻籽实Cu含量预测模型,推算出研究区内安全开发、种植水稻的土壤Cu含量最佳范围。【研究结果】研究区土壤Cu含量范围为6～74 mg/kg,平均值、中位值分别为28 mg/kg、26 mg/kg,仅有1.6%超过了GB15618中规定的Cu含量风险筛选值,且主要分布在碳酸盐岩出露区,该地区土壤中普遍发育铁锰结核,土壤Cu等重金属生物活性较低。研究区水稻Cu含量范围为0.790～4.440 mg/kg,平均值、中位值为2.452 mg/kg、2.718 mg/kg,60件水稻样品均未超过NY861-2004规定的Cu限量值。【结论】研究...     

小秦岭金矿区小麦和玉米重金属的健康风险评价

重金属污染引发的农产品质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。为了解小秦岭金矿开发引起的重金属污染风险,采集了同点位的农田土壤、小麦和玉米籽粒样品,测定了其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量及其在土壤中的形态;采用指数法和RAC风险评价法分析了土壤重金属的污染风险,采用转移因子和目标风险指数法评价了小麦、玉米籽粒中重金属的健康风险。结果表明:小秦岭金矿区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量受矿业活动影响强度大,在土壤中累积明显;土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu总量超过了国家限值,呈现污染;Cd、Hg、Cu具有潜在生态风险。小麦和玉米籽粒中Pb以及玉米籽粒中的Cd的平均含量高于国家标准,呈现一定程度的污染;部分小麦样品中的Hg、Cd和部分玉米样品中的Cd超过WHO/FAO安全限值,小麦和玉米籽粒中度Pb平均含量超过欧盟安全标准,说明具有潜在的健康风险。重金属的转移因子表明Cd、Zn及Cu比其他重金属更容易从土壤转移到小麦和玉米籽粒中;通过小麦对重金属的摄入量略高于玉米,远低于WHO/FAO推荐剂量;目标风险指数评价表明,只消费小麦或玉米基本不产生健康风险,但同时消费矿区生长的小麦和玉米具有较高的Pb健康风险。     

桂林灵川县典型有机水稻田重金属元素分布特征及污染评价

为了解桂林市灵川县有机水稻种植区土壤和水稻中重金属含量、分布特征及健康风险,选择典型田块采集了水稻根、茎、叶、稻穗及对应根系土样品10套,分别测定了土壤和植物样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素含量以及土壤pH值,计算了各元素富集系数及转运系数,总结了水稻不同部位重金属元素富集迁移规律,并根据相关标准评价了土壤重金属污染及食品健康风险。结果表明:(1)研究区产出的稻米无食用安全风险,土壤重金属含量均低于风险管制值,但10份样品中有3份的Cd含量高于风险筛选值,且全部调查田块的环境质量均不符合绿色食品产地质量要求;(2)对比水稻不同部位的元素富集系数,发现大部分元素富集系数在根部最大,籽实最小。根、茎、叶、糙米的富集系数平均值分别为1.13、0.26、0.20、0.10;(3)对比不同元素的富集系数与转运系数发现,As易于从土壤聚集到根部,Pb的活动性较弱而不易被水稻吸收,Cu、Zn相对较易在水稻中转运。综上所述,并考虑到灵川县过去长期施用石灰带来的不利影响,建议当地相关部门对Cd超标风险引起注意,在控制石灰用量的同时加强土地质量监控,必要时采取增施有机肥料、种植低累积品种的水稻等措施,以降低水稻Cd超标的风险。     

贵州省桐梓县表层土壤硒地球化学特征及影响因素分析

通过贵州省桐梓县1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查评价工作,查明了境内耕地与园地表层土壤中硒的地球化学分布特征,探讨了影响表层土壤硒含量高低的因素,发现了富硒水稻与方竹笋。结果表明,全区耕地与园地表层土壤硒含量在0.02～6.59 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.58 mg/kg,二叠系龙潭组发育的土壤中硒含量最高,平均值在1.10～1.18 mg/kg之间,侏罗系发育的土壤中硒含量最低,平均值在0.22～0.32 mg/kg之间,其余地层发育的土壤硒平均值在0.42～0.70 mg/kg之间。表层土壤整体上属于富硒土壤,富硒面积70 535.52公顷,占总评价面积的70.92%,富硒资源丰富。富硒方竹笋硒含量在0.010～0.050 mg/kg之间,富硒率17.4%;富硒水稻硒含量在0.043～0.050 mg/kg之间,富硒率13.5%,水稻平均生物富集系数大于方竹笋。土壤硒含量高低主要受成土母质影响,土壤理化性质、全氮、全磷、铁锰氧化物、地形地貌与海拔高度等也是影响土壤表层土壤硒富集的重要因素。     

贵州丹寨—三都汞矿区土壤重金属和玉米Se、Mo、Zn含量及健康风险评价

为了解贵州丹寨—三都汞矿区玉米、水稻和辣椒等农作物及土壤中重金属污染状况和食用健康风险,选取丹寨—三都汞矿区排庭、高排、王家寨、水家湾、拉峨、阳冬村、高寨、大寨等8个村镇,分析测试玉米、水稻和辣椒等农作物及土壤中重金属含量,并评价农作物中重金属对人体的健康风险。结果表明,与农作物重金属限量(GB 2762-2017、GB 15199-1994、GB 13106-1991)、欧盟、世界卫生和联合国粮农组织(WHO/FAO)标准相比,研究区土壤单因子和综合污染指数显示,研究区玉米中重金属含量低于标准,土壤受到As污染,土壤综合污染指数均值为2.17,处于中度污染。玉米中10种重金属富集系数和转移因子的大小顺序为ZnSnSeMoCdCuAsHgPbCr和ZnMoCuCdSnSeAsHgPbCr;玉米Zn、Se、Mo的富集系数和转移因子为0.2164、0.2432、0.0658和1.8051、0.1056、1.3669。健康风险评价结果表明,成人食用玉米重金属健康风险指数(HQ)值均小于1,而儿童As的HQ大于1,其余重金属HQ值小于1。     

河南洛阳市土壤和农作物中钼分布规律与影响因素研究

钼是人体和农作物必需的有益元素,具有防癌抗癌作用。由于不同地区土壤中钼含量和土壤酸碱性的不同,农作物中钼含量有很大差异,同时不同农作物对钼的吸收也不相同。研究不同农作物中钼富集规律可以为健康地质发展、富钼农产品开发、功能农业发展、种植结构调整提供依据。本文以洛阳市硒资源详查区及其他农业种植区为研究区,通过采集22种大田种植的农作物及其根系土,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定土壤和农作物钼含量,研究了不同农作物钼含量特征及其影响因素。结果表明：洛阳市土壤钼含量较高,是中国土壤富钼特色地区。绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是富集钼的主要农作物,钼平均含量>9mg/kg,富集系数>500%,属于钼的超富集农作物。芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽钼含量较高,钼含量均值介于0.446~2.437mg/kg,富集系数介于40%~300%,属于富钼农作物。辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵的钼含量介于0.1~0.3mg/kg,富集系数介于10%~30%,属于高钼农作物。苹果、梨、葡萄、石榴、樱桃与中药材银条的钼含量 < 0.05mg/kg,富集系数 < 5%,是低钼农作物。大多数农作物钼含量与根系土钼含量呈正相关,而苹果、葡萄、石榴、樱桃等水果钼含量与根系土钼含量呈负相关。研究揭示了在碱性环境下土壤中的钼更容易被农作物吸收。区内农作物与中国其他地区相比均呈富钼特征,是开发富钼农业产业的有利地区。依据不同农作物钼含量,选择出绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是研究区特色富钼农产品,芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽是富钼农产品,辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵属于高钼农作物。本成果为研究区富钼农产品开发、调整种植结构提供了科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861