三峡库区巨鱼沱滑坡地质特征及防治研究

介绍了三峡库区万州巨鱼沱滑坡的结构特征和变形特征,从滑坡形成条件和诱发变形因素两方面分析了滑坡形成的原因,对滑坡在各工况下的稳定性进行了分析和计算,提出了以预应力锚索抗滑桩为主的综合治理措施,对三峡库区滑坡灾害的研究和治理具有参考价值。     

三峡库区重庆段城市滑坡的研究与防治

本文结合三峡库区重庆段城市滑坡的研究与防治探索性地论述了山区城市滑坡的特点及其危害、滑坡研究与防治的基本理论、基本方法和山区城市滑坡综合治理阶段的划分,并在最后对山区城市滑坡的研究与防治的体制改革和完善提出了建议。     

西气东输陕北段某管线黄土滑坡病害治理

根据场地工程地质条件,分析了黄土滑坡病害的性质及产生原因,针对滑坡病害的主因提出了综合治理方案,保证了西气东输管线的安全,总结了黄土滑坡设计和施工中的一些经验教训和注意事项     

滑坡动态综合治理各阶段的监测信息反馈

滑坡监测是滑坡综合治理中一项必不可少的环节,不同阶段发挥着重要的作用。借助监测,能了解滑坡的实际状况,可以判断其稳定性及所处变形阶段,为滑坡治理初步决策提供科学依据。在治理过程中,实时监测反馈又为设计方案的修改和补充以及现场信息化施工提供可靠资料,为工程质量提供保障,施工结束后的监测数据又视为工程治理效果的直接指示 器。以某古滑坡路段高边坡综合治理中各阶段的监测为例,介绍了不同阶段的监测方法以及所获得的数据信息在滑坡治理中的作用。     

甘肃舟曲江顶崖滑坡成因分析与综合治理措施

大型土石混合体滑坡是一类受工程地质条件、降水或地震等多种因素影响的滑坡类型,研究其滑坡成因及治理方法对防灾减灾、保障人民生命财产安全具有重要意义。本文以舟曲县江顶崖滑坡为例,通过历史资料调研和现场地质勘察、数值模拟等手段,对该滑坡的成因和稳定性进行详细分析,并提出相应的综合治理措施。结果表明:该滑坡的地形地貌、松散的岩土体是引发滑坡的内在因素,而连续降雨以及江水对滑坡前缘冲刷是滑坡失稳的外在因素。在对滑坡成因分析的基础上,通过改进抗滑桩护壁结构、率先应用装配式框架支护,结合坡面裂缝整治工程等综合治理措施有效地控制住了该滑坡的变形。该滑坡的综合治理措施可为类似的高大边坡工程以及大型土石混合体滑坡治理提供参考。     

福建平和县西环路滑坡防治工程勘察实践与稳定性分析

滑坡是重大地质灾害之一,严重危害着人类的生命和财产安全。滑坡防治工程勘察是滑坡防治设计的重要基础工作。本文针对福建省平和县西环路滑坡防治工程开展了滑坡区工程地质测绘与调查,结合工程地质钻探成果,分析了滑坡的成因、滑坡稳定性计算及评价,提出了合理的防治措施。推测滑动面位置,确定岩土设计参数,选择合适的安全系数,对滑坡防治工程的综合治理至关重要。     

江西省资溪县西源滑坡成因分析及其治理

以资溪县西源滑坡为研究对象,根据勘察资料采用经典的传递系数法对天然状态和饱水状态滑坡的稳定性进行了计算,表明自然状态滑坡处于基本稳定状态,饱和状态滑坡处于不稳定状态;根据滑坡体勘察成果,采用抗滑支挡和地表排水综合治理措施,取得了良好成效。     

向家坡滑坡综合治理研究

针对渝黔高速公路路堑边坡向家坡滑坡综合治理工程实例,首先通过对该边坡前期滑动及不成功治理过程介绍,结合地表位移监测和详细的地质勘探,准确地判断了路堑边坡滑坡病害性质、滑坡机例,总结了前期治理失败的原因;然后将滑体与前期支挡工程视为桩土复合体进行了稳定性分析;最后制定了临时防治与永久根治相结合的多途径的综合治理方案。成功的实践表明,这是一种既安全可靠、又经济合理的路堑边坡滑坡综合整治措施。     

东北高速公路建设中的滑坡治理

由于东北地区特殊的地质构造,东北地区高速公路建设中经常遇到各种滑坡.文中介绍了东北高速公路建设中常用的滑坡治理方法.并以中里滑坡为例,详细介绍了滑坡治理方法的优化设计选择,给出了成功应用综合治理方法治理滑坡的典型范例.     

宁国市中溪滑坡成因及稳定性分析

安徽宁国市中溪滑坡是因工程切坡挖方而引起的大型滑坡。文章阐述了中溪滑坡的环境地质条件,重点讨论了该滑坡的地质特征、岩体结构、形成条件及影响滑坡稳定性的因素;分析了岩土的工程性质,计算了边坡的稳定性,最后对该滑坡的治理提出了综合治理方案。      

Investigation of rainfall-induced failure processes and characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slopes using physical models

In this study, two types of small-scale physical modeling tests have considered the impact of the infiltration of rainfall and groundwater level in order to investigate the processes involved in rock slope deformation and failure. The study conducted the physical tests under controlled conditions of groundwater level with rock block shape for two rock slope types (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes). Observations obtained during each stage of deformation and failure were used to explain how gravity deformation varies with groundwater conditions on cataclinal and anaclinal slopes, and infer how rainfall and groundwater influence slope failure. Our results indicate that groundwater level is a crucial factor in the deformation failure of slopes. The failure mechanisms of cataclinal slopes differ considerably from those of anaclinal slopes. The infiltration of surface water and groundwater can have a significant influence on rock layer deformation and the speed of failure. Different shapes of rock block have two toppling types of rock slope, the spherical rock model relatively close to flexural toppling type and the triangular rock model relatively similar to block flexural toppling type, respectively. Details of the failure characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slope models are discussed in this paper.     

变质片岩区边坡稳定性的块体理论分析

变质片岩区的边坡破坏与结构面和坡面的组合密切相关,块体理论在分析结构面和坡面组合方面有独特的优势。本文以秦岭北坡西安市黑河水库左岸108国道边坡为例,说明变质片岩区边坡稳定性的块体理论分析方法。作为准备工作,本文编制了块体理论相关程序和制作等密度图的相关程序。通过现场调查,本文将黑河库区108国道沿线边坡分成了15段,其中有4个潜在崩塌段。针对这4个潜在崩塌段,本文在每段中选取一个典型点,借助自编程序,使用块体理论分析方法寻找可动块体、关键块体并计算剩余下滑力。计算所得关键块体的结构面组合形式和实际相吻合,所得剩余下滑力计算结果表明4个潜在崩塌段中有3段崩塌危险性较高,且需要采取工程措施以防止崩塌阻断108国道。说明了变质片岩区边坡稳定性的块体理论分析方法,对变质片岩区其他工程具有一定借鉴意义。     

块状岩体边坡地震滑动位移分析

岩体边坡在强震作用下往往会产生滑动残余位移。这种位移是边坡稳定性评价的重要参量。本文利用块体动力学原理推导出层状和块状岩体边坡地震滑动位移微分方程式, 并编制了相应的计算程序, 给出了实例的计算结果。     

地震与非地震诱发滑坡的运动特征对比研究

针对不同诱发机制的滑坡运动特征差异,以滑坡的总斜率和阻止系数为评价指标,分析滑坡的总斜率、阻止系数与滑坡规模、总能量的关系,对比研究了地震和非地震滑坡的总斜率、地形阻止系数的特征。研究结果表明：地震与非地震滑坡的规模越大在运动过程中受到的阻止作用越小;地震滑坡和非地震滑坡的总斜率都随滑坡规模和总能量增加而减小,但地震滑坡减小的速率大于非地震滑坡;地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为0.4～0.5,而非地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为同规模地震滑坡的40%～50%。因此,滑坡的运动特征不仅受滑坡规模及总能量控制,还显著地受滑坡的诱发机制和地形阻止等因素的影响。     

强震触发崩塌滚石运动特征研究

高强度、长持时汶川地震诱发大量边坡滚石,滚石源于岩体结构面切割而成的块体或岩土质边坡中尺寸较大的孤石。以汶川地震未扰动现场滚石痕迹的判识、测量取样及分析,得出强震作用下块体(石)是以一定初始速度抛射而出的; 其坡面运动表现为滑动、滚动、跳跃与3种方式的组合。选取2个典型强震崩塌点为例进行研究,基本结论:(1)与重力作用下崩塌滚石运动特征是有显著区别的,地震触发滚石具有一定的平抛速度,初始速度除与地震烈度有关外,还与地形地貌有关,其中变坡点、凸起点、端部速度较大; (2)滚石三边(长、宽、高)比例越接近,其运距越远; 坡面相对1/2高度以上,运动方式表现为跳跃-滚动、跳跃-滑动为主,其下滚石则以滑动、滚动运动为主; (3)规模(质量)大的滚石多停留于第一着地点附近或边坡坡脚宽缓地带,滚石运动消能方式为摩擦或碰撞解体; 滚石平台阻滞率为54％,树(灌)木拦阻率为12％。通过反演,计算了非弹性碰撞法向恢复系数Rn与切向恢复系数Rt,其中裸露基岩Rn=0.2,Rt=0.6,一般覆盖层Rn=0.3,Rt=0.8。滚石在运动过程中的弹跳理论高度在0.2~1.3m之间,坡面相对高差与最远滚动距离之比约为1/2。     

Block reinforcement behavior and mechanism of soil slopes

In recent years, blocks created by pressure grouting of cement into soil were used to reinforce slopes by targeting specific weak areas. A clear understanding of the block reinforcement mechanism is essential for the accurate evaluation of the stability of block-reinforced slopes and reasonable design of block layouts. A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted to investigate the bearing capacity and the full deformation and failure behavior of block-reinforced slopes, with a focus on the influence of block layouts on the reinforcement effect. A block reinforcement with a reasonable layout was confirmed to increase the stiffness and the ultimate bearing capacity of the slope. The block reinforcement significantly changed the failure mode to the complex disturbance and destruction from slippage failure in an unreinforced slope. The block reinforcement restrained the deformation localization around the blocks and thus prevented the development of the coupling effect between the deformation localization process and the failure process in an unreinforced slope during loading. Such a reinforcement mechanism could be used to explain why the block reinforcement increased the bearing capacity and changed the failure mode of the slope. The blocks exhibited significant motion along with the development of deformation localization in the slope during loading. The block reinforcement effect was significantly affected by the rotation of blocks, which was determined by the block layout.     

Physical modelling and numerical analysis of slope instability subjected to reservoir impoundment of the Three Gorges

Increasing attention is being given to investigations of failure mechanisms of unstable slopes influenced by water fluctuation during impoundment, such as in the case of reservoir landslides surrounding the Three Gorges, China. In this paper, two typical soil slopes with thin and thick rear edges are considered in a systematic investigation of the large-scale landslides triggered by reservoir impoundment. Physical model test, centrifugal modelling and numerical analysis are presented; these show the deformation evolution process and are aimed at obtaining the physical and mechanical laws that govern deformation and failure of such typical slopes during increasing water levels in a reservoir. The results indicate that deformation of the soil slopes triggered by impoundment can be divided into three stages: the rapid deformation stage, the slow development stage and the convergence creep stage. Moreover, deformation increases rapidly in the initial water level increase, and deformation growth slows with continued increase in water levels. Although the failure modes of the two typical slopes were not identical, the deformation in both started when soil softening occurred, suggesting that the initial phase of water level rise is likely the most dangerous phase with respect to soil slope stability. The results are likely to provide a foundation for further disaster mechanism studies, as well as disaster prevention and reinforcement design of reservoir soil slopes.     

金沙江溪洛渡水电站拱肩槽工程边坡块体稳定性评价

采用层次性分析原理，研究了金沙江溪洛渡水电站拱肩槽工程边坡各类结构面和临空面组合而成的块体特征，将边坡块体分为确定性块体、半确定性块体和随机块体三个层次；采用块体理论计算评价了不同层次的块体在天然、地震、爆破、地下水状况下的稳定性，并对影响块体稳定性各种内外因素做了敏感性分析，建立了一套非规则边坡块体稳定性分析评价的技术思路和方法体系。研究表明，拱肩槽边坡出现确定性块体的可能性较小，边坡中的不稳定块体大部分为半确定性块体，且规模较小，影响深度有限，切割边界不完善。     

汤屯高速公路某变质砂岩边坡块体稳定性评价

汤屯高速公路存在大量变质砂岩组成的高边坡,岩体质量一般较好,但结构面发育,组合形成大量潜在失稳块体,这些块体的稳定性状况直接影响边坡安全.本文选取一个典型边坡,通过对边坡结构面详细地质素描,查明构成可能失稳块体的边界条件,并利用块体理论对可能失稳的块体在各种工况下的稳定性进行计算,并结合块体工程特性,对边坡的稳定性进行系统评价.该研究成果对该边坡的支护优化设计提供了基础资料,同时对同类型的边坡设计具有一定的指导意义.     

地震作用下岩质边坡倾倒破坏分析

倾倒破坏是陡倾层状岩体边坡一类主要的变形破坏形式,地震作用下岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏分析具有重要的工程指导意义。基于块体极限平衡,针对岩块长细比较大的情况,推导出了地震作用下岩质边坡倾倒破坏的一般解析解。对于简单的反倾边坡,给出了地震作用下倾倒破坏的显式解析解,并推导了岩块间法向力、破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力计算公式。通过4个典型算例研究了地震作用对反倾边坡破坏模式、倾倒破坏时所允许的最大陡倾节理视倾角、破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力的影响,为反倾边坡的抗震支护设计提供了理论基础。最后,根据地震影响系数与破坏模式转变点和坡脚剩余下滑力的定量关系对比分析了解析法与传递系数法,结果显示,当岩块长细比大于20时,解析法具有足够的计算精度。