Fedore Core 4.0下WRF模式系统的配置安装及运行

介绍操作系统平台为Fedore Core 4.0下,WRF模式的安装和运行。重点介绍了PGI6.16编译器的配置、Fedore Core 4.0的配置和WRF模式的多重嵌套及其运行步骤的关键设置。     

Fedore Core4．0下WRF模式系统的配置安装及运行

该文介绍了操作系统平台为Fedore Core4．0下,WRF模式的安装和运行。重点介绍PGI6．16编译器的配置、Fedore Core4．0的配置和WRF模式的多重嵌套及其运行步骤的关键设置,以便于读者了解和能够独立运行WRF模式。     

WRF2.2在FC6系统上的安装运行

简要介绍了WRF模式的概况,并着重介绍了如何在Fedora Core6上安装运行WRF模式的最新版本WRF2.2。它主要包括两个部分,WPS前处理模块及WRF主模块。在介绍WPS前处理模块时,还对WPS的图形界面程序DomainWizard进行了简介。     

WRF模式系统在PC机上的安装及运行

介绍了WRF模式的概况以及在PC机上运行该模式需要的硬件和软件环境,介绍了PGI编译器、netCDF库以及图形处理软件包的获得和安装方法;着重介绍了WRF模式在PC机上的安装和运行要点。     

气象预报模式参数化方案对重污染过程PM2.5浓度预报效果的影响

针对北京市2016年12月16～21日的重污染过程,基于嵌套网格空气质量模式预报系统(NAQPMS),面向气象驱动模式WRF中7类物理过程的参数化方案,通过单扰动和组合扰动方式构建了51组不同的WRF模式运行配置,对比分析不同方案配置下NAQPMS对这次重污染过程细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度预报的性能.结果表明:在重污染...     

利用WRF对兰州冬季大气边界层的数值模拟

本文介绍了WRF中尺度模式的有关概况,分析了模式的物理结构,并利用WRF中尺度模式对河谷城市兰州冬季大气边界层的风场和温度场进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果与观测事实基本一致,表明WRF模式具有良好的稳定性能。     

WRF模式对济南地区夏季近地面气象场模拟效果评估

不同地区中尺度气象模式WRF的模拟性能存在明显差异,本文利用数值模拟和统计方法,评估了WRF模式在济南地区的模拟性能,并对比研究地形和土地利用对WRF模式模拟性能的影响,为WRF模式在济南地区的业务化运行提供参考。结果表明:WRF模式能较准确的模拟济南地区近地面气象场及其时间变化特征;统计分析发现,WRF模式对济南地区近地面气温、比湿、风速及风向的模拟准确率分别为72.5%、59.6%、29.4%和36.2%。WRF模式模拟的济南地区夏季比湿偏低、风速偏高,模拟的风速存在系统性偏差。下垫面对WRF模式的模拟结果有显著影响,10 m风速的均方根误差(RMSE)与地形、坡度、模式格点和观测站点的地形偏差显著相关,与坡度的相关系数最大;2 m气温的RMSE仅与地形偏差显著相关,在复杂地形区比较站点观测气温与模式格点气温时,需考虑地形偏差的影响。     

用微机多核CPU并行方式运转WRF模式

该文分析了WRF模式模拟时提高分辨率对计算能力的需求是量级式增长;介绍了集群的基本原理和组成部件;并从实例出发,介绍了用微机多核CPU组建单机集群方案和WRF模式的并行编译方式。分析了地市级气象台站建立区域中尺度数值预报系统应考虑的几个因素。用6种区域方案进行了并行试验,试验相关数据表明：WRF模式在多核CPU构建的Linux单机集群中并行效率高,运算的CPU越多速度越快。用多核CPU单机集群并行方式运转WRF模式具有成本低、简单稳定、运算速度快的特点。     

用微机集群并行方式运转WRF模式

介绍了集群的基本原理和组成部件,并从实例出发,总结了组建一个4台微机简易集群的流程和操作技巧;将WRF模式在集群环境中进行了并行试验,试验相关数据表明:WRF模式在普通微机构建的Linux集群(PC-Cluster)并行效率较高。用微机集群并行方式运转WRF模式具有成本低、简单易行、运算效率高的特点。     

基于ELM的风电场短期风速订正技术研究

风速预测是风电场风功率预测的基础,其准确度严重影响着风电场的运行效率。为了提高短期风速预测的准确性,本研究采用了WRF中尺度数值模式,对我国东部沿海某风电场的风速进行预报。在此基础上,利用极限学习机算法(ELM)对WRF模式预报的风速进一步订正。实验结果表明,WRF模式对风速、风向等气象要素有着较好的回报效果,利用ELM算法对WRF模式预报风速进行订正后,预报风速的误差进一步减小,相对均方根误差和相对平均绝对误差降低了20%～30%。与其他的智能算法(BP神经网络、SVM算法)对比分析后得出,ELM算法对WRF模式预报风速具有较好的订正效果,能够有效提高风速预报准确率。     

Dynamic downscaling of summer precipitation prediction over China in 1998 using WRF and CCSM4

To study the prediction of the anomalous precipitation and general circulation for the summer(June–July–August) of1998, the Community Climate System Model Version 4.0(CCSM4.0) integrations were used to drive version 3.2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF3.2) regional climate model to produce hindcasts at 60 km resolution. The results showed that the WRF model produced improved summer precipitation simulations. The systematic errors in the east of the Tibetan Plateau were removed, while in North China and Northeast China the systematic errors still existed. The improvements in summer precipitation interannual increment prediction also had regional characteristics. There was a marked improvement over the south of the Yangtze River basin and South China, but no obvious improvement over North China and Northeast China. Further analysis showed that the improvement was present not only for the seasonal mean precipitation, but also on a sub-seasonal timescale. The two occurrences of the Mei-yu rainfall agreed better with the observations in the WRF model,but were not resolved in CCSM. These improvements resulted from both the higher resolution and better topography of the WRF model.     

十一运会WRF RUC系统应用及典型个例评估

第十一届全国运动会期间,山东省气象局引进了北京奥运气象科技成果"北京快速循环同化系统"(BJ-RUC),建立了山东区域的WRF-RUC系统,开发了十一运会精细化数值预报产品。文章介绍了该系统的业务运行方案和流程,并以十一运会开幕式保障服务过程为主,对WRF-RUC不同水平分辨率的站点预报结果、WRF-RUC模式场馆要素精细预报、模式不同起报时间的预报结果进行了检验评估,最后与山东省气象局业务运行的MM5、ARPS模式的预报结果进行了对比分析,评估结果对于预报员更好地使用数值模式产品具有很好的指导意义。     

Dynamical Downscaling of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in China under Current and Future Climates

Climate changes over China from the present (1996–2005) to the future (2046–2055) under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) and Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenarios are projected using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, version 3.7.1. The WRF model was driven by the Global 6-Hourly Bias-corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5), Community Earth System Model dataset over China with a resolution of 30?km. The results demonstrate that WRF downscaling generally simulates more reliable spatial distributions of surface air temperature and precipitation in China with higher spatial pattern correlations and closer in magnitude to the Community Climate System Model, version 4.0, simulation results, especially near mountain ranges. The WRF projections for temperature and precipitation for the future under the two emission scenarios are compared with the present simulation. Generally stronger warming, both in mean temperature and extreme statistics, is produced by WRF-RCP8.5 than by WRF-RCP4.5. The projections for precipitation changes are more varied with season and region for both scenarios.     

江苏一次大暴雨过程的数值模拟

采用中尺度数值模式WRF（v2．2）对2007年7月7～9日发生在江苏的一次区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,对模式输出资料,利用位涡与湿位涡理论分析了这次大暴雨维持发展的机制。分析结果表明,正位涡异常区对应着强上升区,低层湿位涡负值中心对应降水中心,高层正值区的移动也能预示雨区的移动,湿等熵面的陡立面的出现致使对流不稳定发展。     

Observations and Modeling of Ice Water Content in a Mixed-Phase Cloud System

The ice water content(IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using Cloud-Sat data,aircraft measurements,and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.Simulated precipitation and IWC were in general agreement with rain gauge,sat-ellite,and aircraft observations.The cloud case was char-acterized by a predominant cold layer and high IWC throughout the cloud-development and precipitation stages.The CloudSat-retrieved products suggested that the IWC was distributed from 4.0 to 8.0 km,with the maximum values(up to 0.5 g m-3) at 5.0-6.0 km at the earlymature stage of cloud development.High IWC(up to 0.8 g m-3) was also detected by airborne probes at 4.2 and 3.6 km at the late-mature stage.The WRF model simulation re-vealed that the predominant riming facilitated rapid ac-cumulation of high IWC at 3.0-6.0 km.     

川东平行岭谷对四川盆地暴雨影响的数值试验

利用地面自动站观测和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2014年8月8～9日四川盆地区域暴雨过程进行分析,利用WRFV4.0模式开展了数值模拟研究,在模拟结果和实况较为吻合的情况下,通过地形敏感性试验,分析了川东平行岭谷对暴雨落区和强度的影响。研究表明:本次暴雨过程发生在西太平洋副热带高压被热带气旋切断的形势背景下,由高空槽稳定维持所造成,WRF模式控制试验能够较好的重现此次暴雨过程。川东平行岭谷对降水的落区和强度有较大影响,升高的川东平行岭谷使盆地中部到北部的雨带西移,使盆地西部降水量增加、北部降水量减少。进一步研究表明,升高后的川东平行岭谷通过地形辐合和强迫抬升改变四川盆地700hPa环流形势及850hPa的水汽辐合分布,从而影响四川盆地降水落区和强度,其对850hPa环流形势的影响较小。      

Impact of assimilation of INSAT-3D retrieved atmospheric motion vectors on short-range forecast of summer monsoon 2014 over the South Asian region

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system are used in this study to assimilate the INSAT-3D, a recently launched Indian geostationary meteorological satellite derived from atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) over the South Asian region during peak Indian summer monsoon month (i.e., July 2014). A total of four experiments were performed daily with and without assimilation of INSAT-3D-derived AMVs and the other AMVs available through Global Telecommunication System (GTS) for the entire month of July 2014. Before assimilating these newly derived INSAT-3D AMVs in the numerical model, a preliminary evaluation of these AMVs is performed with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) final model analyses. The preliminary validation results show that root-mean-square vector difference (RMSVD) for INSAT-3D AMVs is ～3.95, 6.66, and 5.65 ms^?1 at low, mid, and high levels, respectively, and slightly more RMSVDs are noticed in GTS AMVs (～4.0, 8.01, and 6.43 ms^?1 at low, mid, and high levels, respectively). The assimilation of AMVs has improved the WRF model of produced wind speed, temperature, and moisture analyses as well as subsequent model forecasts over the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Australia, and South Africa. Slightly more improvements are noticed in the experiment where only the INSAT-3D AMVs are assimilated compared to the experiment where only GTS AMVs are assimilated. The results also show improvement in rainfall predictions over the Indian region after AMV assimilation. Overall, the assimilation of INSAT-3D AMVs improved the WRF model short-range predictions over the South Asian region as compared to control experiments.     

WRF4.0模式陆气耦合对不同物理参数化方案的敏感性初探

模式的不同参数化方案会对模拟的天气和气候产生影响,但如何影响陆气耦合还不是很清楚。利用WRF 4.0模式设计了一组16种不同参数化方案组合的集合试验,对华北地区2013年夏季气候进行模拟。结果表明,不同积云对流参数化方案对模拟的降水平均态影响较大,其次是短波辐射方案,而微物理方案影响较小。进一步利用潜热通量(LH,Latent Heat flux)和土壤湿度(SM,Soil Moisture)、抬升凝结高度(LCL,Lifting Condensation Level)的相关系数R_(SM,LH)和R_(LH,LCL)表征陆气耦合过程,评估了陆气耦合对不同参数化方案的敏感性。模式模拟的R_(SM,LH)在不同区域随着平均降水、相对湿度的增加以及平均短波辐射的减少而减小,而R_(LH,LCL)的变化正好相反。它们内在的物理机制类似,与气候态的干湿变化密切相关,即随着土壤湿度趋于饱和,蒸散发过程逐渐受太阳辐射的限制,陆面对大气的影响减弱。另外,陆气耦合强度受积云对流方案、微物理方案和短波辐射方案的影响而产生差别,这与不同参数化方案模拟的气候态的不同密切相关,因此本研究对于WRF 4.0模式中参数化方案特别是积云对流方案的选择同样有着重要的指导意义。     

建立η坐标系下的假不压模式及其数值试验

滤除声波的大气运动方程中不包含声波,基于滤除声波方程建立的数值模式可以用较大的时间步长进行数值积分。Durran在1989年提出了一种新的滤除声波的方法,命名为“假不可压”方程,该方程考虑了温度扰动引起的密度变化,忽略了气压扰动引起的密度变化。本文根据Durran提出的假不可压理论,推导出了一组地形追随坐标下的通量形式的假不可压方程。该方程在形式上与WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式中ARW（Advanced Research WRF）动力框架的控制方程非常接近。我们进一步将推导出的假不可压控制方程改写到了WRF模式中,建立了基于WRF模式框架的假不可压模式。用构建的假不可压模式和WRF模式做了两组对比试验:湿热泡对流试验和重力流试验。比较两种模式的模拟结果,可以看出假不可压模式的模拟结果与WRF模式的模拟结果非常接近,说明在WRF模式框架下建立的假不可压模式是合理可信的。