福建深沪湾地学旅游资源及其科学价值评价

在对福建深沪湾地学旅游资源进行综合、系统的考察基础上,对福建深沪湾旅游资源进行了系统的分析与统计研究,并对其中的地质遗迹景观和类型进行系统分类,着重对海底古森林、古牡蛎滩、红土台地、古人类活动遗迹发现点和海蚀地貌等核心地质景观进行了阐述,并对其科学意义进行了尝试性探讨。     

涠洲岛海蚀地貌特征及其海蚀痕迹的地质意义

涠洲岛是我国最大最年轻的第四纪火山岛,受多期次海进、海退及波浪和构造作用的共同影响,岛上海蚀阶地、海蚀崖、海蚀残丘、海蚀穴、海蚀窗、海蚀桥、海蚀沟、海蚀柱等海蚀地貌发育具有极高的景观价值。海蚀地貌中遗留的海蚀痕迹能表征海平面变化、区域构造运动、地质岩性特征等多种地质意义,亦具有较高的科研价值。     

海南岛西北部莲花山周缘海相地层的区内对比及意义

根据岩性、产状和地貌等特征,对海南岛西北部莲花山周缘海岸出露的前全新世海相地层5个典型剖面进行区内对比,以恢复该套地层的产出序列,并推测海相地层的分布范围。结合海相地层的沉积时代和莲花山周缘海岸的地貌特征,探讨了该海岸带的地貌演化过程:中更新世以前,有河流自东南向西北经德义岭、莲花山入海,海相地层沉积区属于滨岸环境,是该海岸带当时受海水进退作用的主要区域,接受着波浪从北面、河流从南面带来的沉积物;中更新世至今,受雷琼地区火山活动的影响,河流被隆起的火山锥阻挡而截流或改道,海相地层沉积区则被抬升成为陆地,并在全新世海岸侵蚀作用下,形成了现今宽广的海蚀平台,海岸后退平均速率约为10 cm/a。     

博鳌旅游度假区地貌景观演变与岸坡稳定性分析

以傅鳌亚洲论坛为契机迅速发展的位于万泉河河口地区的海南傅鳌旅游度假区，在海内外事有较高的知名度和旅游吸引力。旅游度假区内地貌景观的多样性特征显著，集丘陵山地、海洋、泻湖洼地、岛屿、河道、沙坝、河口海岸等地貌景观为一体，万泉河河口地区长期以来保持优美的自然景观，具有很好的旅游开发前景。博螯旅游度假区以泻湖-沙坝、河口岛屿-潮汐汊道为主的沉积地貌体系，发育于全新世海平面上升的背景下，现代地貌格局约在3000aBP形成。河口海岸和江心洲地貌稳定性问题成为海南岛博鳌旅游度假区可持续发展的关键影响因素，其中口门附近的稳定性最差，玉带滩北段的海岸侵蚀比较明显，万泉河主河道南岸的侵蚀比较严重，沙美内海的淤积则不断加强。结合区域地貌特征，提出解决岸坡稳定性的若干对策。     

山东滨海旅游业发展目标及对策

郝艳萍山东作为一个海洋大省,地理位置优越,滨海旅游资源十分丰富,具备发展滨海旅游业的优越条件。一、山东滨海旅游现状山东海滨区域覆盖青岛、烟台、威海、日照、东营、滨州、潍坊七个城市。从漳卫新河口逶迤至日照绣针河口,绵延3 000km余的海岸线景色瑰丽多姿,旅游资源得天独厚。海岸风光秀丽宜人,名胜古迹数不胜数,独具特色的优质海滩、奇异的海蚀地貌和岛屿等为发展滨海旅游业提供了有利的自然条件。拥有山、海、洞、岛、礁和大面积海滩多种地貌结构,景观层次变化丰富,地形跌宕起伏,有的冗岩壁立,礁石时隐时现;有的港湾静谧,拥抱着金色…     

南海石碣海蚀遗迹

关于珠江三角洲全新世海侵范围和时代问题,意见颇有分歧。南海县大沥公社西北7公里石碣村海蚀遗迹的发现,对研究珠江三角洲的形成和发展、讨论全新世海面变化和地壳运动等理论与实践问题,均有帮助。 作者于1972年在广州地区开展地震地质调查时发现石碣海蚀地貌遗迹、1979、1980两年又再次前往该地,较详细地观察、测量了各种海蚀地貌现象,并采集了贝壳样品进行古生物鉴定和C~(14)年代测定。     

基岩海岸地质地貌

沧海桑田。千万年的风吹浪打、潮至汐退,使基岩海岸形成了极其独特的海蚀地貌。 海岸带按照其底质的性质可分为泥质海岸、沙质海岸和基岩海岸。泥质海岸为海洋养殖提供了营养丰富的的地理环境。沙质海岸则为人们提供了金色的海滩，让人们在海边休闲娱乐。而基岩海岸为人们提供的是海蚀地貌美景。     

江苏海岸带景观及其生态旅游的开发

海岸带是陆地、海洋生态系统相互作用的生态过渡地带,也是人类赖以生存的非常独特的景观资源。由于人口增长和对资源的不合理开发,海岸带环境遭到破坏而面临着资源枯竭的危险,保护海岸带景观异质性和生态整体性对海岸带的可持续利用显得尤为重要。江苏海岸带异质景观的形成是受自然驱动要素和干扰共同作用的结果,其影响因素主要包括江苏海岸地貌演化、气候水文条件、土壤植被条件等自然要素和台风暴潮灾害、米草引种和人类开发活动等干扰。江苏海岸带景观具有结构的复杂性、功能的多样性、生态的脆弱性、环境质量较高和高、低对比度兼有等特征。从风景地貌学和旅游开发角度考虑,将江苏海岸带景观划分为北部山海景观类、中部滩涂景观类和南部河口景观类,并在景观类的基础上进一步划分出景观亚类和景观型两个层次。提出了加强景观生态建设,维持景观的异质性,建设射阳河—新洋港流域的荷兰式国家低地生态公园和盐城国家海洋湿地生态公园,适度开发沿海自然保护区景观生态旅游,打造北部山海景观生态旅游特色项目,深入开发南部江海交汇景观,挖掘海岸带旅游景观资源的文化异质性,以及启动辐射沙洲海洋世界自然遗产的申报和建设8项生态旅游规划。     

浅析我国海滩保护管理基线

海滩资源是我国沿海重要的自然资源之一,在具备护岸功能的同时又极具旅游功能。然而,受风暴潮、海平面上升等自然因素及直接或间接的开发等人为因素的影响,近年来我国海滩资源破坏严重,部分海滩资源退化甚至消失。基于此,文章提出建立我国海滩保护管理基线,禁止在基线管理范围内从事挖沙以及建筑施工等人类开发活动的建议。文章从海岸地貌、海滩自然形态、生态特征和开发类型等方面定性地提出建立以海岸线为陆域控制线;从维护泥沙动态平衡和保持海滩自然特征为基础提出建立以闭合深度线为近岸海域控制线。该管理基线的建立对规范针对海滩环境的人类开发活动、维护我国沿海海滩资源的可持续发展以及保护海岸生态环境具有一定意义。     

广西红树林资源的保护与开发

生长于河口海湾滩涂上的红树林,广西当地称为海榄树,素有“海底森林”的美誉。这里有着独特的景观:涨潮时,一片翠绿的红树林淹没于明净的海水下,退潮后裸露出形态各异的植物根系;滩涂上贝类栖息,水底下鱼虾群聚,绿树上岛类翔集。其奇妙、幽静、秀丽的景观美学价值,不仅是游客观赏、娱乐的适宜场所,同时还有知识和教育的功能,使游客直接感性地获得关于生态系统、海岸地貌、海洋生物等方面的知识,受到保护自然、保护环境的教育。     

厦门吴冠海岸潮间带沉积物粒度特征及其沉积动力学涵义

潮滩沉积物的粒度参数可以用来反映沉积物沉积的水动力、沉积物来源和沉积物搬运趋势等环境信息。对厦门吴冠潮间带35个表层样的粒度资料进行分析的结果表明,研究区沉积物类型以黏土质粉砂和粉砂质砂为主;沉积物主要来源于海岸侵蚀物质的输入,随着沉积物向海方向搬运,沉积物粒度参数表现出有规律的变化趋势,即由岸向海粒径具有细化趋势,分选程度变好。与开敞海岸淤泥质潮滩粒度特征相比,研究区的粒度参数组合特征具有明显差异,这可能是由于水动力条件的差异引起的。     

Unexpected fast rate of morphological evolution of geologically-active continental margins during Quaternary: Examples from selected areas in the Italian seas

In the last few decades, seafloor imagery systems have drastically changed our vision of a mostly regular and depositional marine landscape, evidencing how erosive and mass-wasting processes are widespread in the marine environments, with particular reference to geologically-active areas. Most of the previous studies have focused on the characterization of these features, whereas a very few ones have tried to estimate what is the extent and order of magnitude of erosion rates in these areas. In this paper, we show several examples from some of the most geologically-active margins off Southern Italy aimed to a) quantify the spatial extent of such processes, b) better understand the role of submarine erosion in the morphogenesis of the coastal sector, and c) try to roughly estimate the order of magnitude of erosion rates in these areas. The results are impressive, with mass-wasting features widespread from coast down to −2600, affecting from the 52% up to 97% of the whole continental slope. Because of the narrow or totally lacking shelves in these areas, mass-wasting processes often occur close to the coast and match embayment of the coast, so indicating a key role in the morphogenesis of coastal sector, with significant implication on the related geohazard. Finally, based on a morphological approach integrated by available stratigraphic constraints we have roughly estimated average erosion rates in these areas, ranging from (at least) some mm/year to a few cm/year, i.e., some hundreds of meters up to kilometers eroded in each eustatic cycle. Despite the large uncertainties of these estimates as well as their spatial and temporal variability in response to regional and local factors, the obtained values are very high and they should be considered for future model of margin evolution, source-to-sink computation and marine/coastal geohazard assessment.     

The chenier plain coastal system of Guyana

The low chenier coast of northeastern of South America bears Holocene cheniers which are considered as useful features because they protect the coast against marine erosion as sites for human settlement, and the transportation network.

The relationship between chenier formation and the morphology of the coast is striking. Most cheniers in Guyana are old features. It is believed that clusters of cheniers were formed when large quantities of sand were available during periods of dry climatic conditions.

When fine particles were transported by the streams towards the sea during pluvial climates, chenier formation naturally decreased. A similar cycle of shorter duration based on the movements of mud shoals in the nearshore area of the continental shelf affects the coastal process, resulting in the formation or destruction of cheniers. On the Guyana coast chenier formation is not as active as on the Suriname coast. Much research is necessary to survey and protect these important features.     

河北省自然状态沙质海岸的侵蚀及预测

在系统分析河北省自然状态沙质海岸长期演变的基础上,运用"一线理论"及我国《海港水文规范》中的规范公式,建立海岸侵蚀数学模型,经2000、2006年实测数据验证,表明所建立模型的各参数确定合理,较真实地复演岸线侵蚀特征,可用于自然状态沙质海岸在较长时期内侵蚀预测。根据岸线的预测数据得出如下结论:2006—2026年,岸线整体后退速率不断减小,各岸段侵蚀速率有所不同。至2006年,戴河—洋河段侵蚀状态已基本停止,并逐渐趋于平衡;洋河—大蒲河段仍为侵蚀最严重地区,且侵蚀中心不断向南移动;大蒲河—塔子沟段受蚀速率明显减小,但随着侵蚀进一步进行以及沙源的减少,冲刷范围逐渐南移,将成为新的侵蚀中心地区。     

海岸带滩涂地貌演变遥感方法研究

遥感技术是进行海岸带资源调查的有效技术手段,对水利工程规划、防灾减灾、滩涂开发利用等方面有较大的实用价值。在海岸带资源调查中,传统的地面调查方法不仅工作量大,而且实施起来非常困难;遥感技术由于具有感测范围大、获取信息快、更新周期短的特点,为海岸带资源调查和地貌演变的分析和研究提供了较好的方法和手段。文章探讨了遥感技术在江苏省安台线(海安、东台之间海域界线)勘界工作中的运用,采用较新的卫星遥感影像作为工作底图,同时利用1988—2003年之间不同时相的七景影像监测滩涂的演变,在提供了准确的滩涂地形、地貌资料的基础上,通过监测潮沟的变化推断出滩涂的演变,为海域勘界工作提供了有力而可靠的依据。     

中国砂质海岸分布特征与存在问题

中国东部砂质海岸分布范围广泛,地形发育多样,风沙灾害、海岸侵蚀等地质灾害问题多发,严重影响了沿海地区的社会经济发展。了解沙质海岸的分布特征,做好砂质海岸的研究防护工作,对促进海洋经济持续稳定的发展有着十分重要的作用。     

青岛崂山海岸基岩海蚀作用特征

海蚀作用会诱发各种地质灾害,为研究青岛崂山地区的海蚀作用,本研究通过野外踏勘取样、岩石手标本鉴定和偏光显微镜下薄片鉴定分析等方法,分析了岩石学和构造特征对海蚀作用的影响,并以石老人地区为例分析了海蚀地貌的特征,探讨了崂山地区的海蚀地貌分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:崂山海岸基岩为I-A型复合花岗岩。抗海蚀能力最强的是白垩系莱阳群砂岩,其次为白垩系青山群火山岩和石英二长岩,再次为碱性花岗岩,黑云二长岩最弱。断裂构造破坏岩石稳定性,促进了海蚀作用;石老人地区以流纹岩为主,在海蚀崖后退过程中,安山岩的侵入体保留下来,形成了石老人海蚀柱;崂山地区发育多种海蚀地貌,受到海浪作用、气温条件、盐类结晶以及生物作用等外部因素影响。     

A Map of the Posidonia oceanica Beds of Marina ďElbu (Corsica, Mediterranean)

Abstract. A large-scale map of the Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds as well as other benthic substrata and communities was compiled for a cove of a marine reserve free from pollution and man-made disturbance. An extensive diving survey of the cove and the interpretation of aerial colour photographs were used. The greater part of the cove is occupied by the P. oceanica meadow. Patches of dead "matte" were observed at a depth of between 7 and 14 m. They may be the result of a natural hydrodynamic equilibrium between building and erosion.     

Coastal erosion and village relocation: a Colombian case study

Because of its tectonic setting, the Pacific coast of Colombia is subject to a variety of geological hazards, including earthquakes, tsunamis and associated phenomena such as regional and local coastal subsidence, flooding and soil liquefaction. Erosional trends are prevalent along much of the 700 km long, low barrier island's shorelines of the Pacific littoral and land losses are enhanced by factors such as 30 cm regional sea level rises associated to the occurrence of El Niño. Marine erosion is threatening more seashore littoral villages and worsening the already difficult socioeconomic conditions of most part of the inhabitants. Because of diverse and strong motivations to stay near the sea, the responses of barriers island's inhabitants to marine erosion has consisted in most cases of repetitive in-shore and along-shore directed relocations of villages, rather than definitive abandonment of the islands. In the long run, this procedure only has postponed the problem and led to repetitive relocations and economical losses. The recent inland relocation of El Choncho village, on the San Juan River delta, illustrates a different response to marine erosion. Although a new along-shore relocation was physically possible, inhabitants decided to abandon the barrier island and migrate to an interior, ancient beach ridge complex, applying a prudent solution which will be the most appropriate for other threatened villages of the Pacific littoral. A detailed geomorphologic mapping program must be conducted in order to identify appropriate sites for inland relocation of existing villages on the barriers islands of the Colombian Pacific coast.     

天津沿海海平面上升影响风险等级研究

海平面长时间的累积上升将加剧风暴潮、土壤盐渍化和海岸侵蚀等灾害。沿海各地区的自然特征与社会经济发展水平差异明显,而各地区由于海平面上升引起的自然环境的影响和社会经济的风险也呈现地域差异。文章对天津滨海新区海平面上升影响风险进行分析,评估海平面上升对天津沿海各海洋功能区社会经济发展产生的风险,经评估发现天津滨海新区南部海平面上升风险等级最高,北部风险等级最低。