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汶川地震房屋震害的一些现象分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汶川8.0级地震造成了大量工程结构的破坏和倒塌,基于作者对此次地震重灾区房屋震害现场调查的第一手资料,分别从砖混、框架结构房屋及砖木、木构架结构民居等方面,分析了房屋的破坏形态,对其破坏原因进行了初步探讨。通过几个典型房屋震害现象,分析了建筑抗震结构形式的合理性问题。 相似文献
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汉中农村既有砌体房屋抗震加固技术研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
基于对汉中农村既有砌体房屋现状的调查了解,分析了汉中农村既有砌体房屋的建筑方式、建筑材料、建筑地段、灾后是否重建或修缮和房屋抗震设防状况等情况;查阅文献并检索出最新的提高农村砌体房屋抗震性能的四种抗震加固方法,比较这些加固方法的相关性能,从中优选出适合汉中农村既有砌体房屋现状、危险性等级、排危加固方法和加固目的的高性能水泥复合砂浆钢筋网加固法,并对如何提高农村新建砌体房屋的抗震性能给出了建议。 相似文献
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整理并分析汉中地区的地震背景、地震动参数和地质灾害,调查区域内地震动参数有差异的9类样本行政镇的931栋典型农村房屋,研究典型农村房屋的结构类型、抗震概念设计和建造场地等因素对房屋抗震性能的影响。结果表明:汉中地区地质构造复杂,深大断裂发育,94.7%的区域为灾害易发区,存在4个地震烈度异常区;农村既有房屋结构类型有土木结构、砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构,其中砖木结构和砖混结构是主要的抗震结构类型,框架结构是新型抗震结构类型;区域内农村房屋的建造场地条件危险性大并且抗震概念设计不足,房屋震害严重,村民的工程地质和地震地质等相关知识匮乏。该研究可为村镇房屋的防震减灾工作提供参考。 相似文献
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农村单层砌体房屋中的居民的地震逃生问题是一个重要课题。本文对安全目标和安全区进行了等级划分,提出了判定地震逃生方法可行性的地震逃生安全函数;对农村单层砌体房屋中的地震逃生进行了一系列的模拟试验,初步得到了逃生时间与逃生者个体、逃生者环境的关系;对地震逃生案例进行分析,得到了农村单层砌体房屋中的地震逃生各种方法的可行性;提出了基于目标安全区的地震逃生方法,给出了不同条件下逃生者的地震逃生方法。 相似文献
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汶川地震中都江堰市的房屋震害 总被引:27,自引:5,他引:22
张敏政 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(3):1-6
对汶川地震中都江堰市1 005栋房屋的现场震害调查资料进行了统计分析。分析表明,经抗震设计的房屋的震害明显低于未经抗震设计的房屋,前者实现了预期的抗震设防目标;在经抗震设计房屋中,钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋的震害相对较轻,底框架砌体结构房屋和砌体结构房屋次之;中高层建筑和低层建筑的震害比多层建筑轻;学校、医院等公用建筑的损坏与住宅建筑相比较重。 相似文献
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我国大量城镇位于沉积盆地,沉积盆地对地震动具有显著的幅值放大和持时增长效应,同时沉积盆地与建筑群间的动力相互作用将导致地震动空间重分布。针对此问题,本文提出了一种考虑建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用的建筑群震害评估方法:首先,以剪切层模型、弯剪耦合模型等简化力学模型模拟建筑结构,计算建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用,获得建筑群的基础顶面地震动;然后,基于精细化有限元模型分析典型单体建筑的地震易损性;最后,结合所求建筑群基础顶面地震动、易损性曲线进行建筑群震害评估。结果表明:采用简化力学模型、精细化有限元模型模拟建筑结构时,上部建筑对基础顶面地震动的影响具有等效性,因此所建方法适用于考虑建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用的建筑群震害评估;建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用主要导致盆地内地表地震动峰值降低,但局部位置会在盆地效应基础上产生附加放大效应;建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用导致不同地表点地震动加速度反应谱峰值相差3倍,同时放大邻近建筑出现相同等级震害的概率差异,所分析算例中,在是否考虑建筑群-沉积盆地动力相互作用的情况下,邻近四栋相同框架结构发生中等损坏的概率范围分别为66%—92%和87%—93%,此结果与实际震害中建筑结构交替破坏的现象一致。
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Seismic safety of low ductility structures used in Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The most important aspects of the design, seismic damage evaluation and safety assessment of structures with low ductility
like waffle slabs buildings or flat beams framed buildings are examined in this work. These reinforced concrete structural
typologies are the most used in Spain for new buildings but many seismic codes do not recommend them in seismic areas. Their
expected seismic performance and safety are evaluated herein by means of incremental non linear structural analysis (pushover
analysis) and incremental dynamic analysis which provides capacity curves allowing evaluating their seismic behavior. The
seismic hazard is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum of the Spanish seismic design code.
The most important results of the study are the fragility curves calculated for the mentioned building types, which allow
obtaining the probability of different damage states of the structures as well as damage probability matrices. The results,
which show high vulnerability of the studied low ductility building classes, are compared with those corresponding to ductile
framed structures. 相似文献
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LIU Jun SHUAI Xianghu HONG Zhonghu TAN Ming ZHAO Shuo YAO Yuan ZHANG Meng LI Shijie 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):296-306
In this paper, the tilt photography data acquisition and three-dimensional modeling of the Tashkurgan MS5.5 earthquake in Xinjiang are conducted using the tilt photography system of the Rotor UAV. The three-dimensional model is used to interpret the earthquake damage on buildings in the mega-earthquake area in order to acquire different-level house damage in the Kuzirun village disaster area. In addition, the characteristics of seismic damage on typical buildings are analyzed. The results show that the main collapsed houses in the mega-earthquake area are sand-stone buildings, of which about 39% are sand-stone buildings. Several brick-wood buildings and brick-concrete buildings are seriously damaged, while the buildings with frame structures are mainly slightly damaged, and the houses near the macro-epicenter of the earthquake are all in good conditions. Three-dimensional tilt photography technology can vividly display the scene of earthquake disaster, and can provide significant demonstration in building damage degree together with detailed analysis of disaster situation. 相似文献
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以汶川地震地表形变带的实地测量数据为基础,结合沿实测地震地表变形剖面建筑物破坏情况的调查与测量,分析了不同地震地表变形类型及其建筑物破坏特征,定量化地讨论了地表变形梯度与建筑物破坏程度间的关系.提出无论地震地表变形表现为何种类型的断层陡坎,强变形均局部化在宽10~30 m的地表破裂带内;建筑物受损情况最直接的影响是建筑物所处地点的地表变形梯度,地表变形梯度大于0.1的地段,建筑物均完全被摧毁;地表变形梯度在0.07~0.1间的地段,建筑物遭受严重损坏,产生倾斜及强烈变形等;地表变形梯度在0.03~0.07间的地段,建筑物可能受到中度损坏,产生倾斜及变形等,具有抗震设防能力的建筑物一般不会倒塌;地表变形梯度小于0.03的地段具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般只会受到轻度损伤或基本完好. 相似文献
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传统的利用震后单幅合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像对建筑物的震害特征分析大多基于街区范围, 很少基于其成像几何结构. 本文基于高分辨率SAR影像上的建筑物成像几何结构, 分析了建筑物单体的震害特点, 建立了利用距离向线性灰度累加的方法提取规则未倒塌建筑物的叠掩区和阴影区及倒塌建筑物的倒塌区, 并在此基础上进行各几何特征区域的纹理特征, 如同质度、 不相似度和熵的计算及其组合特征分析, 由此建立了基于SAR影像建筑物成像几何结构的震害分析方法. 采用该方法对2010年玉树MS7.1地震震后玉树县城区的高分辨率SAR影像进行分析, 结果表明: 叠掩、 阴影和二次散射亮线是进行建筑物震害解译的有效几何结构特征, 其中叠掩区和阴影区的影像纹理特征具有较好的震害识别能力; 与传统的简单特征统计方法相比, 考虑建筑物SAR影像成像几何结构的特征统计法, 可以显著提高建筑物的震害识别能力. 相似文献
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The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in Yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels (collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed) in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in Yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery. 相似文献