苏鲁超高压变质带石榴石橄榄岩中含钛硅镁石出溶体的发现及其意义

在苏鲁超高压变质带南部东海地区的中国大陆超深钻预先孔CCSD-PP1中获得了石榴石橄榄岩样品,在石榴子石内单斜辉石包裹体中首次发现钛斜硅镁石和钛粒硅镁石出溶体结构,钛斜硅镁石和钛粒硅镁石呈出溶棒和出溶片晶产出。根据石榴子石中包裹体的成分计算包裹体的形成温压条件为t=716～914℃;p=4.8～5.1 GPa。根据钛斜硅镁石出溶体的X_(OH)=1,X_F=0,X_(Fe)=0.074～0.094(平均0.082),X_(Ti)=0.41～0.74(平均0.56),估算钛斜硅镁石出溶结构形成在压力>3.5 GPa条件下(>850℃),这种出溶结构记录了该岩石在早期折返过程中仍处在超高压变质环境中。     

苏鲁地区航磁异常特征及其深部地质意义

以地震测深剖面提供的地壳结构为初始模型,结合大陆科学钻探岩芯和地表地质资料,对苏鲁地区40 000 km2的1∶10万航磁资料进行了处理.根据岩石磁性参量与岩性的相互关系,对该区3条断面进行了约束反演计算,获得了3条断面的岩层结构特征:5 km深度范围内主要为榴辉岩、大理岩和片麻岩,5～7 km为含柯石英榴辉岩的超高压变质岩片,7 km至上地壳底部为经历超高压变质的片麻岩或花岗闪长岩;中地壳(10～19 km)主要为高压变质片麻岩和后期侵入的花岗岩,下地壳(＞19 km)主要为酸性、基性麻粒岩.3条剖面上的超高压变质岩片向北倾斜至地表,说明它很可能是华北克拉通的俯冲和原路折返的结果.     

新疆托逊航磁异常地面查证多方法综合解译

异常查证的方法种类很多,在查证过程中不可能一一实践,方法选取以及合理综合应用十分复杂并且有严格的特性,需同时考虑地质因素和经济性因素。本文将地面高精度磁法、野外X荧光测量、γ能谱测量等便携、快捷、低成本的方法综合应用于新疆托逊地区航磁异常的查证,发现了三处综合异常区,其中两处是以Cu、Zn为主的多元素异常,均产于负磁异常区并沿断裂带分布,异常强度高、套合好,为矿致异常,对多元素异常区进行踏勘和剥土验证,发现了矿化,对航磁异常查证具有良好的指导意义。     

Petrochemistry, oxygen isotopes and U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology of mafic–ultramafic bodies from the Sulu UHP terrane, China

Two Rongcheng eclogite‐bearing peridotite bodies (Chijiadian and Macaokuang) occur as lenses within the country rock gneiss of the northern Sulu terrane. The Chijiadian ultramafic body consists of garnet lherzolite, whereas the Macaokuang body is mainly meta‐dunite. Both ultramafics are characterized by high MgO contents, low fertile element concentrations and total REE contents, which suggests that they were derived from depleted, residual mantle. High FeO contents, an LREE‐enriched pattern and trace‐element contents indicate that the bulk‐rock compositions of these ultramafic rocks were modified by metasomatism. Oxygen‐isotope compositions of analysed garnet, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from these two ultramafic bodies are between +5.2‰ and +6.2‰ (δ¹⁸O), in the range of typical mantle values (+5.1 to +6.6‰). The eclogite enclosed within the Chijiadian lherzolite shows an LREE‐enriched pattern and was formed by melts derived from variable degrees (0.005–0.05) of partial melting of peridotite. It has higher δ¹⁸O values (+7.6‰ for garnet and +7.7‰ for omphacite) than those of lherzolite. Small O‐isotope fractionations (ΔCpx‐Ol: 0.4‰, ΔCpx‐Grt: 0.1‰, ΔGrt‐Ol: 0.3–0.4‰) in both eclogite and ultramafic rocks suggest isotopic equilibrium at high temperature. The P–T estimates suggest that these rocks experienced subduction‐zone ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism at ～700–800 °C, 5 GPa, with a low geothermal gradient. Zircon from the Macaokuang eclogite contains inclusions of garnet and diopside. The 225 ± 2 Ma U/Pb age obtained from these zircon may date either the prograde conditions just before peak metamorphism or the UHP metamorphic event, and therefore constrains the timing of subduction‐related UHP metamorphism for the Rongcheng mafic–ultramafic bodies.     

Investigation of Curie Point Depth in Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt,Eastern China

The Curie point depth of continental crust can reflect the regional tectonic pattern and geothermal structures. Analysis of magnetism is an efficient way to obtain the Curie point depth on a regional scale. This study systematically investigated the Curie point depth of Sulu (苏鲁) ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt (33°40'N to 36°20'N and 118°E to 120°E, ca. 60 000 km2), eastern China using aeromagnetic data. The results show that the Curie point depth of the Sniu region varies from 18.5 to 27 kin. The shallowest Curie point depth (ca. 18.5 km) is located in Subei (苏北) subsidence, where the estimated temperature gradient value is about 31.35℃/kin, which is comparable with the measured value of 30℃/krn. In addition, a two-dimensional numerical solution of the heat conduction was used to calculate the temperature field to a depth of 30 km along the profile from Tancheng (郯城) to Lianshui (涟水) with a length of 139 km. The steady state model solved using the finite element method shows that the temperature around the Curie point depth is about 585.36℃, which is close to the Curie temperature (580 ℃) of magnetite at atmospheric pressure. These results provide new insights into the tectonic and continuous thermal structures of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt.     

The Discovery of Diamond from the Zhimafang Pyrope Peridotite of the Sulu UHP Metamorphic Zone, East China, and Its Geological Implications

From Donghai County of Jiangsu Province to Rongcheng County of Shandong Province on the southern border of the Sulu orogen, there exposes an ultramafic belt, accompanied with an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic zone. It can be further divided into the Xugou belt (the northern belt), and the Maobei-Gangshang belt (the southern belt). One grain of diamond has been discovered from the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite in the southern belt using the heavy mineral method. The diamond grain is 2.13 mm × 1.42 mm × 0.83 mm in size and weighs 9.4 mg. The occurrence of the diamond suggests that the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite xenolith is derived from the lithospheric upper mantle. The tectonic emplacement mechanism of the pyrope peridotite xenoliths in granite-gneisses is obviously different from those in kimberlite. The Sulu orogen was located on the active continental margin of the Sino-Korean craton in the Neoproterozoic. The relatively cold and water-bearing oceanic crustal tholeiite slab subducted beneath the lith     

华北克拉通南部及邻区航磁异常特征与构造分区

据地球物理、地质资料分析,华北克拉通南部及邻区发育NWW—近EW向和NE—NNE向等两组断裂,其中焦作—商丘断裂带、鲁山—阜阳—淮南断裂带、栾川—固始—肥中断裂带和郯城—庐江断裂带、夏邑—涡阳—麻城断裂带具有构造分区断裂特征。通过航磁异常特征分析,华北克拉通南部分为秦岭—大别磁异常区和南华北磁异常区,后者可次分为豫西磁异常区、豫东磁异常区、夏邑—阜阳磁异常带和徐州—淮南磁异常区等四个磁场分区。结合分区断裂系统研究,指出华北克拉通南部中新生代构造分区包括豫西盆岭区、豫东盆地区和徐州—淮南盆地区。豫西盆岭区以NE向的嵩县—谭头、洛宁—卢氏和灵宝—朱阳盆地及熊耳山、崤山和小秦岭盆岭相间分布为特征;豫东盆地区发育NWW向伸展断陷,而徐州—淮南盆地区则以向NW逆冲断层及与之伴生的线性褶皱和断陷盆地为特征。     

Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China

Major- and trace-element data on the constituent minerals ofgarnet peridotite xenoliths hosted in early Paleozoic (457–500Ma) kimberlites and Neogene (16–18 Ma) volcanic rockswithin the North China Craton are compared with those from thepre-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific DrillingProject (CCSD-PP1) in the tectonically exhumed Triassic (220Ma) Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane along its southernmargin. P–T estimates for the Paleozoic and Neogene peridotitexenoliths reflect different model geotherms corresponding tosurface heat flows of 40 mW/m² (Paleozoic) and 80 mW/m² (Neogene).Garnet peridotite xenoliths or xenocrysts from the Paleozoickimberlites are strongly depleted, similar to peridotites fromother areas of cratonic mantle, with magnesium olivine (meanFo_92.7), Cr-rich garnet and clinopyroxene with high La/Yb. Garnet(and spinel) peridotite xenoliths hosted in Neogene basaltsare derived from fertile mantle; they have high Al₂O₃ and TiO₂contents, low-Mg-number olivine (mean Fo_89.5), low-Cr garnetand diopside with flat rare earth element (REE) patterns. Thedifferences between the Paleozoic and Neogene xenoliths suggestthat a buoyant refractory lithospheric keel present beneaththe eastern North China Craton in Paleozoic times was at leastpartly replaced by younger, hotter and more fertile lithosphericmantle during Mesozoic–Cenozoic times. Garnet peridotitesfrom the Sulu UHP terrane have less magnesian olivine (Fo_91.5),and lower-Cr garnet than the Paleozoic xenoliths. The diopsideshave low heavy REE (HREE) contents and sinusoidal to light REE(LREE)-enriched REE patterns. These features, and their highMg/Si and low CaO and Al₂O₃ contents, indicate that the CCSD-PP1peridotites represent a moderately refractory mantle protolith.Details of mineral chemistry indicate that this protolith experiencedcomplex metasomatism by asthenosphere-derived melts or fluidsin Mesoproterozoic, and subsolidus re-equilibration involvingfluids/melts derived from the subducted Yangtze continentalcrust during UHP metamorphism in the early Mesozoic. Tectonicextension of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the NorthChina Craton and exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks in the earlyMesozoic induced upwelling of the asthenosphere. Peridotitessampled by the Neogene basalts represent newly formed lithospherederived by cooling of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle inJurassic–Cretaceous and Paleogene time. KEY WORDS: garnet peridotite xenoliths; North China Craton; lithospheric thinning; Sulu UHP terrane; UHP lithosphere evolution; mantle replacement