湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的含水性和元素地球化学特征

运用电子探针(EMP)和激光熔蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)对湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体矿物进行了主要元素和微量元素的系统分析,结果表明这些橄榄岩是经历了小程度部分熔融的原始地幔残留,并经历了后期交代作用的影响,硅酸盐熔体可能是重要的交代介质。运用显微傅立叶变换红外光谱技术(Micro-FTIR)对宁远橄榄岩中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石进行了详细的观察,结果显示两种辉石均含有以OH缺陷形式存在的结构水,其含量(H2O的质量分数,下同)分别为147×10-6～461×10-6和40×10-6～126×10-6。根据矿物百分含量计算的全岩水含量为34×10-6～108×10-6,除1个样品外,其余样品的水含量均50×10-6。结合文献中的资料看来,由橄榄岩包体所代表的宁远中生代岩石圈地幔的含水量要明显高于华北克拉通新生代岩石圈地幔的含水量(多30×10-6)。宁远中生代岩石圈地幔和华北新生代岩石圈地幔之间的差异反映的可能是中国东部岩石圈地幔含水性的时代演化,即伴随着岩石圈减薄的进行,上涌软流圈的热烘烤使得岩石圈地幔的水含量不断降低。     

苏北盆地新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的含水性

对来自苏北盆地盘石山、练山和方山地区新生代玄武岩中的50个橄榄岩包体矿物进行了系统的微区傅立叶变换红外光谱(Micro-FTIR) 分析.结果显示, 所有的单斜辉石和斜方辉石颗粒都含有以OH形式存在的结构水, 盘石山、练山和方山橄榄岩的单斜辉石水含量分别为64×10-6~183×10-6、37×10-6~102×10-6和41×10-6~177×10-6; 斜方辉石水含量分别为16×10-6~61×10-6、13×10-6~45×10-6和21×10-6~74×10-6.几乎所有的橄榄石都没有检测到明显的OH吸收峰, 暗示其水含量低于仪器的检出限(~2×10-6).根据矿物水含量(假设橄榄石的水含量为2×10-6) 和它们的体积分数计算的盘石山、练山和方山橄榄岩全岩的水含量分别为12×10-6~52×10-6、7×10-6~25×10-6和13×10-6~44×10-6.结合已经发表的橄榄岩包体的数据来看, 在岩石圈地幔的物理化学条件下, 单斜辉石与斜方辉石之间水的平衡分配系数大约为2.2±0.4.结合已经发表的安徽女山和河北汉诺坝的橄榄岩数据, 对比世界上其他地区橄榄岩的数据来看, 华北的岩石圈地幔具有低的水含量: 华北橄榄岩的单斜辉石水含量多 < 200×10-6, 而世界上其他地区(包括南非克拉通、美国新墨西哥地区、美国Colorado高原、美国盆岭省地区、墨西哥南部、法国中央地体以及加拿大WestKettle地区) 橄榄岩的单斜辉石水含量多 > 200×10-6; 华北的斜方辉石水含量多 < 100×10-6, 而世界上其他地区多 > 100×10-6; 华北的橄榄岩全岩水含量多 < 50×10-6, 而世界上其他地区多 > 100×10-6.华北岩石圈地幔的低水含量有可能是由于上升软流圈的热侵蚀造成的, 因此目前的华北岩石圈地幔可能大部分都是中生代岩石圈减薄后的残余, 而不是新生地幔.      

河北汉诺坝玄武岩中橄榄岩包体矿物的含水性研究——微区红外光谱分析

对12个来自河北汉诺坝玄武岩的橄榄岩包体中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石进行了详细的微区傅立叶变换红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)分析。结果显示,所有的单斜辉石和斜方辉石颗粒都含有以OH形式存在的结构水。对部分粒径较大的辉石颗粒内部的多点分析表明,结构水含量表现出中心高边缘低的不均一分布。这种不均一分布的特征应该来自于包体上升过程中由于压力降低而引起的H扩散。如果用每个样品多个测定颗粒的中心部位的平均值来代表该样品,12个样品的单斜辉石水含量为48×10-6~152×10-6,斜方辉石水含量20×10-6~55×10-6。根据矿物水含量(假设橄榄石的水含量为2×10-6)和它们的体积分数计算的全岩水含量为11×10-6~48×10-6。结合已经发表的橄榄岩包体数据来看,在岩石圈地幔的物理化学条件下,单斜辉石与斜方辉石之间水的平衡分配系数大约为2.2±0.6;岩石圈中水的分布可能具有纵向和横向上的不均一性。     

河北阳原新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体的含水量研究

为约束华北克拉通岩石圈的流变机制,使用傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪（FTIR）测量了阳原玄武岩中尖晶石橄榄岩捕虏体的矿物含水量。FTIR光谱结果表明阳原橄榄岩捕虏体的橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石都有特征的OH吸收峰。橄榄石含有微量的水（4×10-6~9×10-6 H2O）,斜方辉石含水量为（105~201）×10-6,单斜辉石含水量为（260~440）×10-6,计算得出的全岩含水量为（49~75）×10-6。值得注意的是,富流体交代以及后期蚀变作用使得含角闪石的方辉橄榄岩样品中单斜辉石的含水量显著增加。阳原橄榄岩中单斜辉石与斜方辉石的含水量存在明显的正相关关系,水在单斜辉石和斜方辉石中的分配系数D cpx/opxOH =2.4±0.9,与全球橄榄岩样品的平均值基本一致（D cpx/opx OH = 2.2±0.1）。与汉诺坝的橄榄岩捕虏体相比,阳原捕虏体中橄榄石和辉石的结构水含量都明显较高,这可能与阳原橄榄岩经历的上地幔交代作用有关。统计表明全球克拉通玄武岩携带的尖晶石橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的含水量普遍较低（0~10×10-6）,而斜方辉石和单斜辉石的含水量则存在明显的不均一性。金伯利岩携带的石榴石橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的含水量都明显高于玄武岩携带的尖晶石橄榄岩中相应矿物的含水量,这可能与金伯利岩来源深、富流体、上升快的性质相关。     

吉林汪清和龙岗新生代岩石圈地幔的含水性和元素地球化学特征

首次报道了来自东北地区岩石圈地幔水含量的数据。通过对吉林龙岗和汪清新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体矿物进行电子探针(EMP)和激光熔蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)的分析,得到了矿物的主量元素和微量元素的数据,结果显示这些橄榄岩是原始地幔经历了不同程度部分熔融的残余,大部分样品的熔融程度可能<10%。橄榄岩样品在后期还经历了地幔交代作用,大部分样品受到硅酸岩熔体的交代,少部分样品受到碳酸岩熔体的交代。显微傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的分析结果显示,橄榄岩样品中的单斜辉石、斜方辉石均含有以结构羟基形式存在的水,而橄榄石中没有明显的羟基吸收峰。龙岗样品中单斜辉石的水含量为(48~464)×10^-6(H₂O, 质量分数),斜方辉石水含量为(28~104)×10^-6;汪清样品中单斜辉石的水含量为(34~403)×10^-6,斜方辉石的水含量为(13~89)×10^-6;所有样品全岩水含量为(8~92)×10^-6。样品的水含量可以代表龙岗和汪清地区岩石圈地幔的水含量信息,并且水含量变化范围较大,造成这种变化的原因可能是由于地幔源区初始水含量的不均一,以及部分熔融和地幔交代作用叠加的结果。     

青藏东缘马关地幔岩包体的岩石学与矿物学研究

对青藏东缘新生代马关地区高钾岩系中地幔岩包体的岩石学和矿物化学成分的研究表明:马关地幔岩包体属尖晶石相橄榄岩,岩石类型主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,矿物组合为橄榄石(O l) 斜方辉石(O px) 单斜辉石(Cpx) 尖晶石(Sp l),含极少量金云母和角闪石。橄榄石以贵橄榄石为主,部分为镁橄榄石,其Fo值为89.72~90.47,M g#值为89.75~90.51;斜方辉石的En分子为88.00~89.59,M g#值为90.21~91.16,C r#值为3.31~6.23;单斜辉石主要为透辉石,少量为顽透辉石,成分上表现为高C a(wC aO=18.71%~20.78%)、高A l(wA l2O3=6.00%~7.30%)、高M g#值(89.93~91.57)和低C r#值(5.13~8.74);尖晶石为铬尖晶石,其w(C r2O3)为7.62%~12.88%。矿物化学成分指示:马关尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体属A型包体,为低度熔融后的大陆地幔橄榄岩。温压估算表明,马关尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温压分别为900℃~1 150℃和1.29 GPa~2.20 GPa(相当于地下深度45 km~71 km),其上地幔地温曲线与大洋地温曲线一致,显示马关地区岩石圈地幔具有很高的热流值,暗示青藏东缘及邻区于0~16 M a期间有热的软流圈地幔上涌,地幔上涌在构造上的响应即是青藏东缘乃至整个东亚地区区域性岩石圈的东-西向伸展。     

吉林双辽地区橄榄岩包体中熔体-岩石作用特征及其对地幔交代作用的启示

吉林双辽地区古近纪玄武岩中一方辉橄榄岩包体记录了上地幔交代作用的信息。原生斜方辉石被交代成因的单斜辉石和橄榄石所围绕,或形成反应边结构,或斜方辉石残留在次生单斜辉石中。这些反应结构仅出现在尖晶石的周围。电子探针分析表明次生单斜辉石具有高Mg#、Cr#和CaO/Al2O3比值,次生橄榄石高Mg#、CaO和Cr2O3,被交代的尖晶石边部高Cr#、CaO。由于交代作用并未影响橄榄岩体系的Mg#,而且熔体-岩石反应结构指示Opx(斜方辉石) Sp(尖晶石) 熔体(Ⅰ)→Cpx(单斜辉石) Ol(橄榄石) 熔体(Ⅱ),结合实验以及文献资料,认为双辽地区的岩石圈地幔受到了硅酸盐熔体的交代。这种交代导致橄榄岩中斜方辉石逐渐减少,单斜辉石和橄榄石逐渐增加,从而使方辉橄榄岩渐变成易剥橄榄岩。这种交代现象可能发生在软流圈-岩石圈接触带上的熔-岩反应区,暗示了在古近纪双辽地区岩石圈减薄和软流圈上涌导致的软流圈-岩石圈的相互作用仍在继续。     

岩石圈地幔含水不均一：来自华南地区白琳和建德的对比

利用电子探针、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分别测定了华南地区福建省白琳大嶂山新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体矿物的主要元素、微量元素和H2O含量。橄榄岩矿物主要元素之间的相关性符合部分熔融趋势，部分熔融程度在0～21%之间。大多数样品（23个样品中的21个）部分熔融程度较低（<6%）并具有亏损的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式。单斜辉石、斜方辉石和橄榄石的H2O含量分别为78×10 -6～262×10 -6、37×10 -6～124×10 -6和~0。尽管不能排除橄榄石包体上升过程中的潜在H的扩散丢失，但两种辉石保留了地幔中的H2O含量，这可以从 ① 单个辉石颗粒中的均一的H2O含量和 ② 单斜辉石和斜方辉石之间的平衡H2O分配推断出来。基于矿物模式，并假设单斜辉石和橄榄石之间的H2O分配系数为10，计算出的全岩H2O含量范围为15×10 -6～67×10 -6。水含量与熔融指数、交代指数、氧化还原状态和温度之间缺乏良好的相关性，说明白琳地区岩石圈地幔中水含量的控制因素是复杂的。已有研究表明浙江省建德地区岩石圈地幔具有较高水含量。白琳和建德两地对比显示，两地岩石圈地幔在熔融程度、交代程度、氧化还原状态和平衡温度非常类似，但是水含量差异巨大。华夏地块（以建德和白琳为代表）的岩石圈地幔在主成分和微量成分上可能均一，但H2O含量有巨大差异，体现了地幔的不均一性。     

软流圈熔体地幔交代作用过程中的铂族元素行为

南美洲南部的Pali Aike火山岩区第四纪碱性玄武岩中普遍发育含石榴石的斜方辉石岩包体。这种斜方辉石岩既作为独立的捕掳体存在又以细脉的形式穿插于橄榄岩捕掳体中。斜方辉石岩普遍含富Ti矿物,并且次生斜方辉石含橄榄石和单斜辉石残晶。与含石榴石橄榄岩中的斜方辉石相比,这种次生的斜方辉石以高TiO2、中等含量的Al2O3以及低Mg#为特征,表明它是在一种高度分异演化的富Ti熔体交代作用下通过消耗橄榄石和单斜辉石方式形成的。斜方辉石岩全岩的Co、Ni略低,Cr和铂族元素(PGE)含量与地幔橄榄岩相当,表明这些元素在交代作用过程中相对稳定,而交代介质带入的组分以碱质(K2O+Na2O)、Ti、Si、Al和S为主。交代的斜方辉石在现代活动岛弧和古克拉通的地幔橄榄岩捕掳体中多有报道。与这些环境中地幔样品的斜方辉石相比,PaliAike地区的次生斜方辉石含有相对高的Ti和Al,以及相对低的Mg。高Ti低Mg属性反映了交代介质可能来源于下伏的软流圈地幔并且经历了高度的分异和演化过程。Pali Aike地区所见到的这种交代斜方辉石和斜方辉石岩在其他被上涌软流圈影响的陆下岩石圈地幔中可能普遍存在。这些研究对了解中国华北-东北中生代以来的岩石圈地幔减薄机制有着重要的借鉴意义。     

长白山新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体所揭示的岩石圈地幔特征

长白山地区位于华北克拉通东北部,广泛出露富含地幔橄榄岩包体的新生代玄武岩,为研究岩石圈地幔的性质和演化提供了优越条件。本文对长白山地区天池和龙岗新生代火山岩群中尖晶石相橄榄岩包体进行了岩石学、全岩主微量元素、矿物主量元素、单斜辉石微量元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。研究结果表明,尖晶石相橄榄岩包体由二辉橄榄岩和少量的方辉橄榄岩组成,Mg#值为87.4～91.2,表现出新生饱满的特征,平衡温度为900～1100℃。橄榄石的Mg#值(%Fo)为85.6～91.3。单斜辉石包括四种类型:(1)轻稀土元素严重亏损型;(2)轻稀土元素亏损型;(3)向右微倾型和(4)"勺型"。单斜辉石表现出Sr同位素(87Sr/86Sr=0.702749～0.707276)整体亏损,部分样品富集的特征,单斜辉石的Nd-Hf同位素呈现出亏损特征(143Nd/144Nd=0.512886～0.51333、εHf=+17.7～+49.8)。长白山地区二辉和方辉橄榄岩分别经历了小于10%和略大于10%的部分熔融作用,并受到富水硅酸盐熔体的地幔交代作用。太平洋板块向西俯冲作用使得软流圈上涌并携带大量壳源物质进入地幔深部,与岩石圈地幔发生橄榄岩-熔体反应,形成了长白山地区不均一的岩石圈地幔,以新增生饱满地幔为主,夹有少量古老难熔岩石圈地幔碎片。     

Trace elemental and PGE geochemical constraints of Mesozoic and Cenozoic peridotitic xenoliths on lithospheric evolution of the North China Craton

Whole-rock major, trace, and platinum-group elemental (PGE) data, and major and trace element compositions of diopsides are reported for peridotite xenoliths from (1) early Mesozoic volcanic breccias in Xinyang, located at the southern margin of the North China Craton, and (2) Cenozoic basalts in Hebi and Shanwang, both of which are situated within the craton and lie on the North-South Gravity Line and the Tanlu fault zone, respectively. The early Mesozoic Xinyang xenoliths are harzburgites containing <2% Cpx with high Cr^# and enriched in LREE but depleted in HFSE. These xenoliths have chondritic Pd/Ir (1.9-6.6) and Ru/Ir (3.5-4.0) ratios and high Ni and low CaO, Al₂O₃, and S contents, indicating derivation from a highly refractory mantle that experienced carbonatitic metasomatism. Negative Ce (mean δCe = 0.50) and low Mg/Si ratios of the Xinyang peridotites record the addition of crustal components likely produced from subducted continental material of the Yangtze Craton in the early Mesozoic. The subduction-related modification of the lithospheric mantle was limited to the area close to the collision zone rather than being pervasive throughout the craton. The Cenozoic Hebi peridotite xenoliths are harzburgites with ≤4.5% Cpx and have low CaO and Al₂O₃ but high Ni contents, chondritic Ru/Ir ratios (2.5-5.4), and a wide range of CaO/Al₂O₃, Na₂O/TiO₂, Pt/Ir (0.4-2.3), and Pd/Pt (1.1-8.5) ratios. These peridotites are interpreted as the shallow relics of the cratonic mantle. In contrast, the Cenozoic Shanwang xenoliths are lherzolites (5.6%-19.5% Cpx), which have low Ni contents and low Ni/Cu and Mg/Si ratios, but high CaO, Al₂O₃, S, and HREE contents, and relatively high Ru/Ir and Pd/Ir ratios. The Shanwang peridotites show pronounced positive Ti and Sr, negative Th, and slightly negative Y, Zr, and Hf anomalies. They are believed to represent newly accreted fertile lithospheric mantle derived from cooling of upwelling asthenosphere. The documented temporal and spatial variations in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic mantle support the previous suggestion that the buoyant refractory continental keel in the eastern part of the North China Craton was heterogeneously replaced by younger fertile lithospheric mantle in the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary.     

The lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern Tianshan area, northwest China

A suite of spinel peridotite xenoliths in Mesozoic basalts of the Tuoyun basin in the Tianshan area of northwest China has a high proportion of amphibole/mica-bearing lherzolites, with high Cpx/Opx ratios (mean 0.74). Many aspects of mineral chemistry in the Tuoyun peridotites are intermediate between those of refractory Archean cratonic mantle and fertile Phanerozoic mantle. These include Ni/Cr and the contents of transition metals and Y in olivine and orthopyroxene and the abundances of elements such as Na, Al, Ti, Y, Sr and LREE in clinopyroxene. The data suggest that the mantle in Tuoyun is moderately depleted in basaltic components relative to both the refractory Archean mantle and the fertile Phanerozoic mantle. The wide variations in the CaO/Al₂O₃ (0.9–3.5) of whole rocks and LREE/HREE (0.8–14.2) and Ti/Eu (971–5,765) of clinopyroxenes in the Tuoyun peridotites are interpreted as the metasomatism of hydrous carbonatitic and potassic melt or the cumulative effects of mantle metasomatism by different agents (carbonatite and small-volume silicate melts) through time. The Tuoyun mantle shows closer affinity to the type of mantle found beneath the Proterozoic Cathaysia block, and especially to that beneath the East Central Asia Orogenic Belt (ECAOB), than to the mantle beneath the Archean North China Craton. This implies that the Tianshan subcontinental lithospheric mantle may have been generated during the accretion of the ECAOB. The high proportion of fine-grained microstructures, high Cpx/Opx ratio, obvious Ca enrichment and lower overall depletion in the Tuoyun mantle relative to that in other parts of the ECAOB reflect stronger mechanical and chemical modification of the Tuoyun mantle, near the translithospheric Talas-Ferghana strike-slip fault, which played a major role in controlling the strength of the mantle lithosphere and has channeled the upwelling mantle.     

Erratum to: Iron isotope variations in spinel peridotite xenoliths from North China Craton: implications for mantle metasomatism

Iron isotopes, together with mineral elemental compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths and clinopyroxenites from Hannuoba and Hebi Cenozoic alkaline basalts, were analyzed to investigate iron isotopic features of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. The results show that the Hannuoba spinel peridotite xenoliths have small but distinguishable Fe isotopic variations. Overall variations in δ⁵⁷Fe are in a range of −0.25 to 0.14‰ for olivine, −0.17 to 0.17‰ for orthopyroxene, −0.21 to 0.27‰ for clinopyroxene, and −0.16 to 0.26‰ for spinel, respectively. Clinopyroxene has the heaviest iron isotopic ratio and olivine the lightest within individual sample. No clear linear relationships between the mineral pairs on “δ-δ” plot suggest that iron isotopes of mineral separates analyzed have been affected largely by some open system processes. The broadly negative correlations between mineral iron isotopes and metasomatic indexes such as spinel Cr#, (La/Yb)_N ratios of clinopyroxenes suggest that iron isotopic variations in different minerals and peridotites were probably produced by mantle metasomatism. The Hebi phlogopite-bearing lherzolite, which is significantly modified by metasomatic events, appears to be much heavier isotopically than clinopyroxene-poor lherzolite. This study further confirms previous conclusions that the lithospheric mantle has distinguishable and heterogeneous iron isotopic variations at the xenoliths scale. Mantle metasomatism is the most likely cause for the iron isotope variations in mantle peridotites.     

大兴安岭诺敏河石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

在重力梯度带北端的大兴安岭诺敏河第四纪火山岩中发现石榴石相和尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩捕虏体,其矿物组成分别为Ol_40~55Opx_20~35Cpx_0~10Grt_5~25和Ol_45~65Opx_30~40 Cpx_0~15Sp_0~10。两种地幔相橄榄岩均以方辉橄榄岩为主,说明研究区上地幔具有难熔的特点。其高Mg^#橄榄石Fo_91~92和高Cr^#_31~47尖晶石特征与南区哈河的地幔橄榄岩特征一致。在橄榄石含量与Fo图解上,敏河橄榄岩包体落在太古代和元古代地幔区域,揭示大兴安岭地区岩石圈地幔可能保留了较多古老的残余地幔。根据石榴石橄榄岩的平衡温压条件(1114~1168℃和2.14~2.33GPa),推测来源深度为70~75km。这些数据暗示研究区具有较高的地温梯度,与中国东部新生代火山岩区的地温梯度相似。     

汉诺坝玄武岩中熔体-捕虏体相互作用初步研究

汉诺坝新生代玄武岩捕获的地幔橄榄岩及其解体矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石捕虏晶,普遍发育反应边结构,提供了玄武岩浆在上升穿越岩石圈地幔过程中橄榄岩-熔体相互作用的重要信息。橄榄石和单斜辉石捕虏晶反应边的成分变化一致,由核部富镁向边部富铁变化,趋同于玄武岩中相应斑晶的成分。斜方辉石捕虏晶反应边一般由橄榄石+单斜辉石+玻璃构成,多为双层结构,反应边矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石较相应的地幔矿物富铁,其富硅、碱的中酸性玻璃成分,为中国东部地幔矿物包裹体中存在的富硅、碱熔体的来源提供了重要信息。同时发现橄榄岩捕虏体中尖晶石颜色、成分的变化与温度的关系。地幔矿物捕虏晶反应边结构(非平衡结构)得以保存,暗示了玄武岩浆的快速上升。而大规模的熔体-捕虏体相互作用,改变着岩石圈地幔的性质。     

Opx–Cpx exsolution textures in lherzolites of the Cretaceous Purang Ophiolite (S. Tibet,China), and the deep mantle origin of Neotethyan abyssal peridotites

ABSTRACT

We investigated lherzolitic peridotites in the Cretaceous Purang ophiolite along the Yarlung Zhangbo suture zone (YZSZ) in SW Tibet to constrain their mantle–melt evolution history. Coarse-grained Purang lherzolites contain orthopyroxene (Opx) and olivine (Ol) porphyroclasts with embayments filled by small olivine (Ol) neoblasts. Both clinopyroxene (Cpx) and Opx display exsolution textures represented by lamellae structures. Opx exsolution (Opx1) in clinopyroxene (Cpx1) is made of enstatite, whose compositions (Al₂O₃ = 3.85–4.90 wt%, CaO = <3.77 wt%, Cr₂O₃ = 0.85–3.82 wt%) are characteristic of abyssal peridotites. Host clinopyroxenes (Cpx1) have higher Mg#s and Na₂O, with lower TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents than Cpx2 exsolution lamellae in Opx, and show variable LREE patterns. Pyroxene compositions of the lherzolites indicate 10–15% partial melting of a fertile mantle protolith. P–T estimates (1.3–2.3 GPa, 745–1067°C) and the trace element chemistry of pyroxenes with exsolution textures suggest crystallization depths of ~75 km in the upper mantle, where the original pyroxenes became decomposed, forming exsolved structures. Further upwelling of lherzolites into shallow depths in the mantle resulted in crystal–plastic deformation of the exsolved pyroxenes. Combined with the occurrence of microdiamond and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineral inclusions in chromites of the Purang peridotites, the pyroxene exsolution textures reported here confirm a multi-stage partial melting history of the Purang lherzolites and at least three discrete stages of P-T conditions in the course of their upwelling through the mantle during their intra-oceanic evolution.     

东南沿海地区第四纪大陆岩石圈地幔的特征

东南沿海地区新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体来自年轻的大陆岩石圈地幔 ,该岩石圈地幔在岩石学、矿物组成、痕量元素以及Sr Nd同位素组成等各方面具有很大差异。这些差异反映了它们来自不同的地幔过程。南海张开与地幔热柱有关 ,南海扩张后第四纪形成的火山岩携至地表的包体更多保留了地幔热柱的信息。橄榄岩包体的矿物成分与深海橄榄岩类似 ,相对贫Opx而富Ol;在痕量元素上 ,表现为强不相容元素的富集 ,其配分模式类似于其寄主岩 ;Nd同位素强烈亏损 ,显示出比MORB源区更亏损的特征。大陆岩石圈地幔经历了来自地幔深处的贫SiO2 熔体的进一步改造。