湄洲湾的潮流和余流特征

湄洲湾是福建省中部沿海的港湾，湾内三面为大陆所环抱，湾口朝向东南进入台湾海峡。该湾呈西北向深入内陆约１８ｎｍｉｌｅ，湾口有湄洲岛作为屏障和标志，使整个湾口分成文甲口门（北口宽约０．６５ｎｍｉｌｅ）和剑屿－鹅尾山口门（南口，宽约５．６１ｎｍｉｌｅ）两个口门，距湾口约５ｎｍｉｌｅ的盘屿、大竹等岛屿及距湾口约１２ｎｍｉｌｅ的屿、横屿等岛屿为湾内两道屏障，再往内为内沃。屿和横屿间水面宽约０．５１ｎｍｉｌｅ，水深约２０ｍ，它和北端肖厝－秀屿及南端峰尾－西亭深槽相连接，是该湾的主航道（图１）。该湾航道宽阔水…     

古黄河三角洲若干问题的思考

孟村古黄河三角洲分流河道体系代表歧口三角洲超级叶瓣(700BC-11AD)的上三角洲平原沉积物，其下的三角洲沉积层序多属于更老的超级叶瓣。山东北部大口河至徒骇河口海岸700BC—1099AD多次受到黄河的影响，埕口—马山子东北部的海岸平原主要形成于893—1048年，那里岛链状贝壳堤开始形成的时间晚于1128年，与贝壳堤的^14C年龄相差700～1850a。苏北斗龙港口—弶港海岸平原地表之下约9m厚的沉积物主要是黄河入海泥沙在海流作用下向南搬运，并沉积下来。苏北黄河三角洲南界在谅港附近。自然地理和海洋地质工作者采纳“公元前602年或战国中期(公元前4世纪)发生第一次大改道”的观点是一个误会，实际上这是多数历史地理学家已经放弃的认识。     

开发建设中山港的战略思考

中山港位于江苏沿海突出部的废黄河入海处，是淮河流域和苏北地区理想出海口，经专家论证该处港条件优越。按照小港起步，港厂并举，完善配套设施，逐步扩大统筹规划，力急下世纪初建成多功能综合深水大港。     

苏北沿海港口开发与可持续发展研究

江苏省拥有９５３８ｋｍ的海岸线，其中，大陆海岸线近９００ｋｍ，占全国大陆海岸线５％，北起赣榆县锈针河口，南抵长江口北岸启东市连兴港，全部地处苏北。目前，江苏沿海仅有连云港一座大型海港，１９９６年实现吞吐量１５８３万ｔ。江苏沿海大港数量和规模远远不及山东、广东、河北、辽宁等沿海省区，１９９７年底，我国沿海主要海港货物吞吐总量达９０５亿ｔ江苏仅占全国２％南通港为河海港除外，与江苏经济大省的地位很不相称。随着江苏“建设海上苏东”战略的实施，苏北沿海揿起了加快开发和建设海港的热潮，正在建设和拟…     

苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋的观测与分析

关于黄海的潮混合和浅水锋现象,中国和韩国的学者已有一些报道(赵保仁,1987a，b;赵保仁等,1992;Lie,H-J.，1989)。卫星图片和有关水文观测资料表明,夏季,黄海的浅水锋主要分布在苏北浅滩外侧、山东半岛的成山角一石岛近海、渤海海峡、西朝鲜湾和江华湾湾口附近及朝鲜半岛西南部近海。 为了深入了解黄海苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋的分布和水文结构,我们于1990年7月29日至8月1日对该区域进行了一次水文和水化学的专项调査。本文根据这次调查所得的水文资料,对苏北浅滩外侧的海面冷水和浅水锋的分布特征以及锋区的环流结构进行简要论述。 苏北近海的浅水锋常出现在苏北浅滩外侧的陡坡附近(赵保仁,1987a)。本次调查在这一区域设了5个断面,32个大面站和1个连续站。锋区附近的最小站距约4海里(5′经距)左右。调査区域的水深分布和站位如图1所示。这一海区的地形分布特点是海底坡度较大,34°10′N以北海底陡坡在30-40m等深线之间,34°10′N线以南海底陡坡在20-30m等深线之间,陡坡处坡度达4×10-3左右。此外,在122°10''E线附近,还有一向北伸展的沙脊。观测结果表明,苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋现象与地形特征关系密切。     

加快开发灌河口及燕尾港的可行性研究

灌河口位于海州湾的南缘,距连云港口40公里,是江苏省境内目前唯一没有建闸、有较好通航条件的天然入海口,口门西岸的燕尾港是江苏最典型的海河联运港口,其经济腹地主要是苏北平原。加快开发灌河口及燕尾港,对于灌河干流水运及周围陆域资源的开发,对于建成以连云港为核心的综合性大港的港口群体,对于连云港的进一步对外开放和苏北经济的振兴,都有着重要意义。一、灌河口的演变过程灌河的形成与昔日的黄河息息相关,灌河下游的形成较晚且直接受到黄河入海的控     

我国海洋开发事业喜讯频传

对外开放港口达四十五个我国自1979年实行开放政策以来,对外国海轮开放港口逐年增加,到1987年10月为止,全国对外轮开放港口已达45个。这些港口为:上海港、张家港、江阴港、高港、南京港、镇江港、南通港、宁波港、舟山港、海门港、温州港、丹东港、营口港、秦皇岛港、大连港、烟台港,龙口港,威海港、青岛港、石臼港、岚山港、连云港、天津港、九江港、芜湖港、安庆港、武汉港、黄石港、城陵矶港、重庆港、福州港、泉州港、厦门港、汕头港、蛇口港、广州港、九洲     

鲅鱼圈港倾废区疏浚污染物的时空分布和运移规律

本文依据营口鲅鱼圈港倾废区８个航次的疏浚物监测和追踪调查数据，深入了解了倾废海区中悬浮物、浊度、ＣＯＤ和ｐＨ等指标随潮汐变化的时空分布规律。调查结果表明：虽然该倾废区实施疏浚物倾倒已达４ａ，但该区中除悬浮物含量略有增加外，其他指标（如ＣＯＤ，ＤＯ，ｐＨ等）基本处于一类海水正常值范围。疏浚物倾倒后２０ｍｉｎ内可引起水中悬浮物和浊度含量的急剧上升，对海水的ｐＨ和ＣＯＤ含量也有一定程度的影响．表面浑水团主要随表层流和风向运移，悬浮物和浊度降至海区背景浓度的时间约需３５～４５ｍｉｎ，迁移距离可达１．３ｎｍｉｌｅ，影响面积通常可达０．３ｋｍ２．     

黄海x形地震带与海底活断层的初步研究

黄海盆地是东亚大陆边缘海盆地中地震最活距的地区之一。本文依据中国大陆地震台网记录及历史资料，获得了海域地震图像，采用集群分析法进行了地震分区与分带，１９６０￣１９９４年地震资料分析显示存在两规模宏大的地震带，第一带是北东走向，从中国苏北到朝鲜半岛中部。     

从历史和法律依据论钓鱼岛主权属我

从历史和法律依据论钓鱼岛主权属我刘文宗一、问题的由来钓鱼岛亦称钓鱼台或钓鱼群岛，依主岛名称为钧鱼岛而得名。该群岛位于我国东海大陆架上，距我国台湾省基隆港约１２０海里。隔冲绳海槽与琉球群岛遥遥相望，距后者约２５０海里。钓鱼群岛共包括８个岛礁，即钓鱼岛、...     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.