大地电磁法磁反射系数在深埋含锰地层调查中的应用 —以贵州松桃杨立掌锰矿床毗邻区的次级成锰槽盆为例

音频大地电磁法是深埋金属矿勘探中的一种常用物探方法,研究音频大地电磁对深埋、薄层锰矿的勘探效果具有重要的理论意义及实践价值。论文首先通过建立典型地电模型,完成了大地电磁正演模拟、反演计算及大地电磁的磁反射系数成像,从理论上提出磁反射系数可以提高大地电磁法的深部分辨率;然后以贵州松桃杨立掌锰矿床毗邻区的次级成锰槽盆为勘探对象,完成了横跨成锰槽盆的音频大地电磁勘探及资料处理,获得了沿测线方向的二维电阻率模型和磁反射系数成像等值线图;最后参考研究区物性资料及钻井柱状图,进行了电阻率模型与磁反射系数成像结果的地质地球物理综合解释。论文的研究成果说明,磁反射系数能够有效提高大地电磁法对深部电性层的划分能力,合理运用磁反射系数开展大地电磁多参数解释有利于提高大地电磁法的解释分辨率。     

Comparative study between filtering and inversion of VLF-EM profile data

This paper discusses the practical use of filtering and inversion in VLF-EM data processing and interpretation. The advantages and disadvantages of both mentioned techniques were outlined to avoid the misleading interpretation of such data in some case studies. Much concern is taken to show the interval distance effect upon the correct depth identification of the anomalous body by either inversion or filtering. The methodology of the study is going through proposing an initial model, generating the synthetic VLF-EM data of the model by means of forward modeling, filtering (Karous–Hjelt filter) and inversion (Inv2DVLF software) of the synthetic data and comparing between the results of both methods and the initial model. The study reached to (1) Karous–Hjelt filter provides misleading depths for his limited depth of resolution and cannot provide estimates of deep targets if the profile is too small, whereas inversion provides exact results, particularly in case of shallow anomalous target; (2) crossover between in-phase and out-of-phase data could resulted from a small shallow conductive target or a large deep one; (3) selection of a reasonable environmental resistivity has an important impact on the inversion process; and (4) the numerical reflection resulted during VLF-EM data inversion could lead to an erroneous interpretation.     

水平地层视电阻率测量中的似非而是现象及其实际意义

本文对水平地层电阻率测深中出现的似非而是现象,用线性数字滤波法的计算结果肯定了它的存在,明确了该现象只在具有低阻导电基底的断面上才能产生,并对其物理实质作了定性解释。文中重点研究了临界极距及视电阻率的最在离差与表层电阻率和厚度的定量关系,并对具有低阻导电基底的三层断面,当第一层局部加厚时,用边界元数值方法计算了大于临界极距的对称四极视电阻率剖面曲线,所得结果有力地说明了似非而是现象在资料解释中的实际意义。     

Proterozoic tectonothermal processes imaged with magnetotellurics and seismic reflection in southern Australia

Over the last two decades,co-located seismic and magnetotelluric(MT) profiles provided fundamental geophysical data sets to image the Australian crust.Despite their complimentary nature,the data are processed and often interpreted separately without common processes in mind.We here qualitatively compare 2 D resistivity inversion models derived from MT and seismic reflection profiles across a region of Archean-Proterozoic Australia to address the causes of variations in seismic response and anomalous conductivity in the crust.We find that there exists a spatial association between regions of low reflectivity in seismic sections and low resistivity in co-located2 D MT modelled sections.These relationships elucidate possible signatures of past magmatic and fluid-related events.Depending on their diffuse or discrete character,we hypothesize these signatures signify fossil melting of the crust due to mafic underplating,magma movement or hydrothermal fluid flow through the crust.The approach discussed herein is a process-oriented approach to interpretation of geophysical images and a significant extension to traditional geophysical methods which are primarily sensitive to a singular bulk rock property or state.     

用高密度电阻率法进行空洞探测的几个问题

通过大量的正演计算,重点阐明了利用高密度电阻率法进行洞室探测的前提、不同采集装置异常形态特征及判别方式、对相邻洞体的分辨能力和提高洞室探测定量解释精度的方法,明确了该项技术在洞室探测应用中的模糊点,提高了该项技术的应用效果。     

电成像与浅层地震联合在浅覆盖区隐伏断层探测中的应用

为了避免单一物探方法在地质反演解释中存在的多解性弊端,本文介绍了以电成像法为主、浅层地震反射波法为辅的综合物探方法对隐伏断层进行探测的应用实例,首先,通过电成像法查找断层破碎带的位置走向,然后利用浅层地震反射波法精确查明断层的产状、性质、位置及断距等地质参数,并对两种方法的探测成果进行综合对比分析,推断该隐伏断层为走向近东西向,倾向近南北向的正断层,断层落差约4.2m,其上断点埋深约17.9m。经钻孔验证表明,电成像与浅层地震联合方法在浅覆盖区隐伏断层探测中具有精确、可靠、经济的优势,该方法具有较强的应用价值。     

利用综合物探方法探测地下水流通道

尽管充电法需要充电点,但对已知进口或出口的浅埋藏地下水流通道,追踪其走向,该法具有简单、直观、快速的优点.自然电位法对隐伏的地下流体表现突出,但干扰异常多,不易分辨.充电法和自然电位法均可对异常进行定性判断,但不能很好确定地下水流通道的空间分布特征.高密度电法可获得近地表较为精细的空间电性分布.对断层控制下形成的地下水流通道,宜采用浅层地震反射法.当场地受限,探测深度大,需要精细探测时,可采用跨孔电磁波透视.但高密度电法、浅层地震反射法、跨孔电磁波透视法不能对异常进行定性判断.结合探测实例,考虑不同的地质条件和探测成本,对如何选择最佳的组合方法来探测地下水流通道,确定异常性质及其空间分布特征进行了探讨.     

高密度电阻率法与CSAMT法在江西会昌县坝背地热勘查中的综合探测

地热资源是一种绿色低碳、极具竞争力的可再生能源。江西省会昌县坝背地区断裂构造密集,地热异常广泛发育。为了查明勘查区各断裂构造的产状、规模及深部变化特征,为寻找地热水钻孔布置提供依据,项目组首先在已知温泉位置布置3条高密度试验测线,接着在已知温泉位置以南布置4条高密度测线,然后在高密度电阻率法资料初步解释成果的基础上再施工可控源音频大地电磁测深法（CSAMT）,得出其中两条深大断裂是温泉主要的导水导热构造、断裂深切至基底界面、基底界面起伏明显的结论。同时圈定了4个低阻异常区,其中低阻异常范围最大的区域长约1000 m,宽约240 m,高约200 m,是含水最为有利区域,亦是寻找地热水的直接依据,建议在其正上方布设钻孔进行验证,孔深约800 m,满足深大断裂和基底对低阻区的深度控制。     

Identifications of fractured zones in part of hard rock area of Sonebhadra District,U.P., India using integrated surface geophysical method for groundwater exploration

Surface geophysical methods were used to determine the locations of fracture zones in part of the hard rock area in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The survey comprises three DC resistivity profile using the gradient profiling technique and ten very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) traverses profiles. The methods were used over survey lines extending between 200 and 400 m; the results were correlated to locate fracture zones for the purpose of groundwater exploration. Qualitative interpretation of the VLF-EM was carried out using Fraser and Karous–Hjelt filters. The result of the interpretation revealed a number of subsurface zones with high real component current density that defines the potential subsurface features (probably fracture zones). The subsurface feature concurred with the low resistive zones indentified from the gradient resistivity profiling. The zones where further inferred quantitatively using data obtained from DC resistivity sounding at some selected anomalous points. The result obtained proves the efficiency of integrating both methods in detecting fractures zones in hard rock area.     

双频激电法在浙江省苦麻岭地区找矿勘查中的应用

浙江省常山县苦麻岭地区位于钱塘台褶皱带华埠-新登陷褶带上,具备了与成矿密切相关的条件,但地形起伏大、构造复杂、植被发育茂盛等因素严重制约着探矿效果。为此采用双频激电法,通过对称四极测深对该勘查区进行勘探。针对视电阻率测深曲线出现的跳跃、波动等异常形态,结合地层岩性、构造裂隙发育情况及视幅频率反映,对干扰因素进行排除,并依据视电阻率曲线拐点异常及增大趋势确定区内花岗岩岩体埋深及边界变化规律,指出该花岗岩顶部界面较平缓或下凹处,其围岩接触带为富集、成矿的有利部位。由视电阻率ρs和视幅频率Fs断面图推断,矿化异常等值线未封闭,异常中心位于测线以东,该结论对勘查区及类似地区扩大找矿规模具有一定指导意义。