中海油自主建造的首艘大型深水物探船下水

由中海油田服务股份有限公司投资建造的12缆深水物探船“海洋石油720”于2010年12月20日在上海船厂船舶有限公司顺利下水,标志着该船钢结构和主要设备安装已基本完成,进入码头舾装、调试阶段。“海洋石油720”是国内自主建造的第一艘大型深水物探船,作为海洋深水工程重大装备纳人国家科技重大专项,是中海油深水油气勘探的重要配套装备之一。     

南海西部石油公司重视海洋环保工作

中国海洋石油南海西部公司是从事海洋石油、天然气勘探开发的企业。现在该公司拥有5座海上钻井平台、12艘三用工作船和2艘从事海洋物探工程调查的专用船,以及一艘17万吨级具有海上处理和储存石油能力的浮式装置,还有能处理三维地震资料的计算中心、现代化的通讯系统以及支持海上作业的一系列配套服     

国内外海洋造船技术的发展动态

从20世纪90年代以来,国内外海洋造船业无论在民用船舶(运输船舶、工程技术船舶、海洋调查船、渔船、公务船、辅助工作船舶),还是在军用船舶等方面,都有很大的发展,在造船技术、船舶的大小以及性能上都有新的突破,陆续制造出一些技术含金量很高的特种船舶,如,小型无人潜水艇、遥控微型侦察船、混凝土潜艇、     

国际海洋石油伴生气放空监管现状研究及对我国的启示

海洋石油伴生气放空造成严重的环境污染与资源浪费,已引起国际社会的广泛关注。通过对国际伴生气放空已达成的公约协议及相关管理规定等的研究与探讨,提出我国海洋石油伴生气放空监管建议,即加强国家政策引导及激励,完善相关法规制度及标准,深化伴生气放空减排科研工作,推进我国放空管理政策、法律法规及标准的制定和实施,促进节能减排战略在海洋领域的落实。     

船舶纵倾优化减阻数值模拟研究

随着我国能源需求越来越大,能源形势越来越严峻,各大班轮公司开始精耕细作,积极寻找降低运营成本的方法。以LPG型船舶为例,对船舶纵倾优化技术进行研究,符合当下节能减排的要求。传统的纵倾优化依据船模试验来分析,项目耗时长而且费用较高。运用CFX和FLUENT等商业软件计算LPG船的阻力数值,再用船模实验结果来验证,找到比较合理的数值计算方法,再对LPG船不同吃水、不同速度、不同纵倾下的阻力进行数值模拟计算。结果表明,排除水深的影响,LPG船舶在不改变船舶航速、载重量的前提下可以通过纵倾调节来减少船舶阻力,这对于LPG型船舶类似的肥大型船舶也有一定的指导意义。     

半潜式自航工程船“海洋石油278”开工建造

2010年7月19日,海洋石油工程股份有限公司、招商局重工（深圳）有限公司在深圳举行了5万吨半潜式自航工程船“海洋石油278”的开工仪式,这标志着这艘性能世界领先的半潜船提前开工建造。“海洋石油278”可以在全球无限航区航行,载重量53500t,下潜深度26．8m,是世界上第一艘拥有DP2功能的5万吨级以上的半潜式自航船,综合作业能力在国际同类船舶中处于领先地位,可以大幅提升海上平台组块的浮托安装、钻井平台的装卸与运输以及深水工程中的运输与安装作业效率。     

基于船队管理的海洋调查船营运成本

为提高我国海洋调查船的使用和管理水平,文章根据相关评估报告和统计数据,概述美国UNOLS船队和我国海洋调查船的营运成本情况,分析海洋调查船日均营运成本的计算和应用。研究结果表明:UNOLS船队将海洋调查船按级别管理,同时对研究项目和船舶使用实行独立核算,从而在保障海洋调查任务的前提下有效控制和降低船舶营运成本,值得我国海洋调查船队借鉴;通过计算海洋调查船的日均营运成本,可用于船舶技术经济论证、船舶年度标准可用天数确定和相同级别船舶对比,具有实际应用意义。     

海洋石油污染生物修复技术

石油泄漏是海洋环境的重要污染物之一,生物修复技术已逐渐得到广泛应用.本文从海洋石油污染物的来源、转化过程、降解机理和影响生物降解因素等方面,论述了生物技术对泄漏入海的石油类污染物的处理技术经验,以及国内外对于生物修复海洋石油污染取得的成果和存在的问题.     

国际志愿观测船计划

志愿观测船作为船舶监测的组成部分,对建立海洋环境立体监测系统起到了重要的作用.志愿船观测不仅是为了获取本国海上重要天气因素用于气候服务,也是作为WHO和IOC成员国履行国际船舶航行气候服务的成员义务.文章对国际组织的志愿船管理运行和志愿船观测(VOS)计划进行了相关介绍,以利于了解有关情况.     

渤海水文因子对石油平台影响的研究

开发海洋石油需要使用固定式平台、浮动式平台或钻井船。不论在设计制造平台和钻井船时,还是在建成以后的海上作业期间,都必须详细地了解海洋环境对平台与船舶的影响。因此,必须掌握海洋环境资料,其中特别是海洋水文气象资料,以便对这个问题进行深入的研究。1966年以后,我们在已建成的石油平台上、海洋调查船上或者利用锚碇浮标收集资料以研究海洋环境对石油平台的影响问题。主要工作海区在渤海湾,其次在     

A preliminary assessment of threats to arctic marine mammals and their conservation in the coming decades

Over the next several decades, arctic marine mammals will face threats from six areas of human influence: climate change, environmental contaminants, offshore oil and gas activities, shipping, hunting, and commercial fisheries. This paper reviews these factors, the nature and magnitude of the threats they pose, current scientific understanding and management of those threats, and the potential for effective conservation action. Climate change, offshore oil and gas activities, and commercial fisheries likely pose the greatest threats. Addressing the combined effects of all six factors, however, will be particularly difficult but essential to prevent declines beyond those that have already occurred.     

电子海图在海上油田安控系统中的应用

从海洋石油开发实际需求出发,通过分析海上油田安控系统的基本原理及其组成,详细介绍了如何利用M apX控件构建3G(GPS/GIS/GPRS)综合信息处理平台,根据系统流程对海图制作、船舶定位、航行轨迹记录和安控与调度等关键部分进行设计与实现。该系统为海上油田作业及航运提供远程监控、调度和安全控制,确保海上油田施工作业安全,提高航运效率。     

渤海石油污染:来自表层沉积物中生物标志物的证据

通过对渤海表层沉积物中饱和烃的分布、来源和分子组成特征的系统分析,探讨了沉积物中生物标志物对石油污染的指示意义。研究表明,沉积物中色谱不可分辨的混合物(UCM)和正构烷烃的分布及组成特征显示出沉积物不同程度地受到了石油烃输入和细菌微生物作用的影响,其中以渤海湾沿岸区域最为明显。渤海湾近岸区和黄河口附近沉积物中正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACL)低于其他地区,姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph)也普遍低于1.0,表明可能受到来自于石油平台开采活动、船舶航行、河流输入的石油烃的影响。C₂₇-18α(H)-三降藿烷(Ts)与C₂₇-17α(H)-三降藿烷(Tm)的比值(Ts/Tm)、C₃₁升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)和αααC₂₉甾烷20S/(20S+20R)的比值表明该区域沉积物中有机质成熟度较高,可能受到外来石油烃输入及其衍生物的影响。通过与周边环境中生物标志物分子组成特征的对比发现,沉积物中甾烷和萜类化合物主要来源于石油及其衍生物。将饱和烃各参数进行归一化处理,得到了石油污染的综合替代性指标,并初步圈定了石油污染相对较重的区域。     

海上石油国际合作项目的风险评价特点分析

如何进行海上石油国际合作是今后我国3大石油公司在国际能源合作市场中经常面临的问题，如何看待海上石油国际合作项目中的各种风险因素是进行项目经济评价中最复杂的问题。从海外海上油气田勘探开发的经验教训中探讨了地质风险、技术风险、经济风险、政治风险诸因素对项目经济评价的影响。     

Global energy scenarios and their implications for future shipped trade

About half of the world's oil supply, a fifth of coal supply and a tenth of natural gas supply are traded by ship. Accordingly, any significant shift in the size and shape of the global energy system has important consequences for shipping, which underpins international trade and supports economic development. The Paris Agreement requires an acceleration of the drive towards energy system decarbonisation. Yet, the International Maritime Organisation's understanding of the future is more in line with the high-carbon scenarios analysed here. This paper is a first comprehensive and global assessment of implications of fundamental changes to global and regional energy systems for international shipping, under-researched in energy scenarios consistent with deep decarbonisation. It concludes that, despite uncertainties (particularly with negative emission technologies), fossil fuel trade by the middle of the century will almost certainly be significantly lower under low-carbon than under high-carbon scenarios, and (for oil and coal) lower than in 2012. As to bioenergy and captured carbon dioxide, while their supply is expected to increase during a low-carbon transition, worldwide shipped trade in these commodities will not necessarily grow, based on the analysis in this paper. In other words, if the low-carbon futures envisioned in the Paris Agreement materialise, energy-related shipping will likely decline (by a quarter for oil and by 50% for coal in the median < 2 °C scenarios by 2050), with significant ramifications for policies and regulation in the shipping sector and international trade.     

油气勘探中大地坐标系的特点及其应用

概述大地坐标系的定义及国内外常用大地坐标系的特点,并讨论了它们之间的区别与联系,阐述了大地坐标系在海洋油气勘探领域中的应用。WGS84坐标与CGCS2000坐标之间误差极小,二者在油气勘探中可互用。在今后一段时期内,WGS84仍将是油气勘探中所使用的主要坐标系。     

Interfacial properties of oil spill dispersants and their effects on dispersion effectiveness

Ｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｉａｌ　ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｏｉｌ　ｓｐｉｌｌ　ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓａｎｔｓ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｉｒ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ　ｏｎ　ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｉａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｏｉｌｓｐｉｌｌｄ...     

Attitudes toward offshore oil development: A summary of current evidence

Attitudes toward offshore petroleum have varied widely across both time and place. This paper summarizes the accumulated evidence from around the globe and then examines two regions that represent the polar extremes—both drawn from the same country and the same era—southern Louisiana and northern California, over the past two decades. The comparison illustrates that attitudes toward offshore oil development are best understood through a closer examination of the ways in which the offshore industry has interacted with a given region, over time, in terms of three sets of factors—the historical, biophysical, and social factors that shape the people and culture of a given place and time.     

Jurisdiction and offshore petroleum in Australia: creating symmetry between the Commonwealth and states by sharing benefits and avoiding costs

This article examines the federal legislative regime for governing offshore oil development in Australia. Adopting an evolutionary perspective, the article considers how the Australian petroleum regime has been able to avoid the ‘asymmetry of costs and benefits’ which have shut down the offshore oil leasing program on the US west coast. To this end, it is shown that the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act has overcome jurisdictional issues by creating a partnership between the federal and state governments, enabling both to share in the benefits of policy making. This joint decision-making structure is narrowly focused upon exploitation, though, and does not deal with environmental issues outside of its original scope. The absence of a complementary regime to fill this policy gap permits environmental costs to go unaccounted in petroleum development. This shortcoming notwithstanding, the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act provides a useful model by which federal/state jurisdictional limitations can be overcome. Ocean and coastal issues are currently receiving political attention in Australia, and it is timely for the cooperative governance model to be revisited and also extended to other marine policy sectors. Moreover, joint authority approaches could be considered by other federations struggling with offshore jurisdiction issues.     

中国深水海域油气及相关资源勘探开发进展及关键技术

深水油气及相关资源的开发是我国解决能源紧缺问题的关键,我国南海深水海域蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,天然气水合物资源赋存也有着良好的前景.本文探讨了深水油气及相关资源开发勘探技术的进展和技术发展方向.