论气动潜孔锤钻进在卡斯特灰岩地层使用的适应性

气功潜孔锤钻进是当前钻孔硬岩钻进效率较高的方法之一;对于卡斯特灰岩地层、用正循环气动潜孔锤钻进是不适应的,用CSR堵隔式反循环双管气动潜孔锤钻进或CSR堵隔式双管贯通式反循环气动潜孔锤钻进比较合适:在卡斯特灰岩地层.在水文水井中,气动潜孔锤钻进仍可发挥它高效率、高速度的作用。     

气动潜孔锤钻进技术在采空区治理工程中的应用

气动潜孔锤钻进技术有钻进效率高、成本低、钻孔质量好、无水钻进等多项优点。文章结合左权县阳光住宅小区拟建场地采空区地基注浆治理工程实例,将气动潜孔锤钻进工艺成功地应用于破碎、坚硬、复杂地层的钻进,对钻进中的若干技术问题进行了论述,对采空区治理钻探提出了一套适宜的工艺,包括风量、风速、风压、轴向压力等参数及钻头、钻机、空压机的选用。     

空气潜孔锤技术在矿山充填钻孔应用中常见问题及处理措施浅析

本文通过对在充填工程中空气潜孔锤钻进技术的关键技术点进行剖析,从合理选择空压机和冲击器的选择,优化选择钻进技术参数入手,确保空气潜孔锤钻进技术的正确使用,同时对在具体施工过程中常见的制约因素、从机理方面入手进行分析,提出合理化的技术措施,使潜孔锤钻进技术在实际应用中得到了极大的扩展。     

用潜孔锤钻进技术施工蒙古国塔木察格水井

20世纪90年代以来,在基岩地区进行水文地质钻探大部分采用潜孔锤钻探工艺。这种工艺优点是效率高,而缺点是一次性投入较大,尤其是大口径潜孔锤钻进。     

对反循环钻进翼状钻头的分析及改进

反循环钻进与正循环钻进的冲洗液流向不同,同时反循环钻进孔径一般比正循环钻进的孔径大,反循环钻进仍沿用正循环钻进用的开放式翼状钻头,由于孔内冲洗液中心流速高,边沿流速低,孔底边沿排岩屑不畅,特别是在粘土地层钻进常引起糊钻,致使钻进效率受到极大的影响。把钻头的翼板顶部改成封闭(即挡水罩)式,使冲洗液先流到钻头边沿再到中心钻杆,这样孔底排屑较彻底;另外把钻头底唇改成收敛式的(即倒漏斗状),使岩屑翻起的方向与水流方向一致,加强钻头的排岩能力,阻止粘土滞留及粘结钻头的可能性,保持孔底清洁,从而提高了反循环的钻进效率。     

气举反循环深孔钻进技术的应用

我国可溶岩分布非常广泛,面积约200万km2,在华北地区总厚度为1000至2000m,华南地区可达5000m～6000m。岩溶地区溶隙裂隙发育,常伴有溶洞、地下暗河。采用常规钻探方法（钻井液、潜孔锤）进行深孔钻进显然无法实现,采用泥浆钻进钻井液漏失严重,同时会对地下水造成污染     

压裂技术使地热井出水量增3倍

正日前,河南省地矿局第二地质环境调查院在豫西火成岩地区采用水力压裂技术对一口地热井进行增产压裂试验取得成功,使地热井出水量增加3倍。压裂技术在油气增产和开发中已得到广泛应用,在河南省基岩缺水地区水文水井或地热资源开发中应用尚属首次。该井位于豫西严重缺水地区,该院采用“空气潜孔锤+气举反循环‘二合一’钻探”新工艺顺利完成1200米地热资源钻探工程,完井时地热井出水量为每天200立方米。     

冲击反循环钻机在大漂石地层中的应用

文章通过对冲击反循环钻进和回转钻进两种施工方法的比较,指出在百色地区大漂石地层使用冲击反循环钻机的优势明显,而在穿越大漂石层后的泥页中扩底以提高桩基承载力时,可再改用回转钻机进行扩大施工比较理想。     

内插管式气举反循环钻进工艺在基岩地热井中的应用

随着地热资源被广泛利用,地热井各种钻井技术新方法不断应用,如何提高地热井施工效率、降低地热井施工成本是地热井项目钻探施工的关键.气举反循环钻进工艺被广泛应用于地热井钻探施工中,然而在基岩浅井和中深井地热项目施工中,使用常规气举反循环钻进工艺存在钻具重量大、结构复杂、双壁密封不严等问题,对钻机提升能力要求较高,中小型钻机...     

大口径气举反循环钻具提效74%

正日前,由河南省煤田局承担的河南省国土资源厅科技攻关项目"大口径气举反循环钻具研制及应用研究"通过审查验收。项目研制了直径219.1/168.3毫米螺纹联接双壁钻杆、直径168.3毫米内平单壁钻杆、气举反循环水龙头、双壁主动钻杆及反循环钻头等配套器具,经生产性试验证明:该套组合钻具强度高、密封性能好、连接形式独特,可满足直径600毫米~1500毫米的大直径工程井气举反循环钻井施工,在同等技术条件下,比正循环钻进效     

风化壳型砂质高岭土矿床以钻代井取大样方法简介

本文仅就被第四系所覆盖、埋藏在潜水面下的风化壳型砂高岭土矿床以钻代井取大样方法简介。通过实践认为:此法特点是施工速度快、样品质量高、成本低、工作条件好,适用于风化壳型砂质高岭土矿床。     

东濮凹陷东侧物源区荷泽凸起古地貌特征

根据地震、重磁、钻井等资料对东濮凹陷东侧物源区—荷泽凸起的构造、古地貌进行了地震地质综合分析研究,编制了相应的地震地质成果图,在图上,古潜山、古河道、古地貌形态一目了然,为寻找东濮凹陷东侧兰聊断裂上升盘古潜山及兰聊断裂下降盘扇三角洲、近岸水下扇砂体油气藏奠定了基础。     

乌石凹陷M油田低对比度油藏成因机理及渗透率评价

乌石凹陷M油田主力油组砂体规模较大, 岩性主要为含砾中粗砂岩和砂砾岩, 其次为细砂岩。砂砾岩油层由于受特殊沉积和成岩作用影响, 浅层油层表现为高阻特征, 中深层部分油层电阻率与水层相差不大, 为测井流体性质识别及渗透率定量评价带来较大困难。以核磁、压汞、铸体薄片等实验资料为基础, 从微观研究高阻油层与低对比度油层储层特征的差异, 并且将储层按粒间孔、混合孔、铸模孔分为3类, 建立了M油田储层类型划分标准及渗透率预测模型。结果表明: 孔隙结构的复杂性造成的高束缚水饱和度是导致区域低对比度油层形成的主要原因; 储层分类后渗透率计算精度明显提高, 为油田开发方案的制定与实施及钻后评价奠定了坚实的基础。      

An experimental study on the wave-induced pore water pressure change and relative influencing factors in the silty seabed

In this study, a flume experiment was designed to investigate the characteristics of wave-induced pore water pressure in the soil of a silty seabed with different clay contents, soil layer buried depths and wave heights respectively. The study showed that water waves propagating over silty seabed can induce significant change of pore water pressure, and the amplitude of pore pressure depends on depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height, which are considered as the three influencing factors for pore water pressure change. The pressure will attenuate according to exponential law with increase of soil layer buried depth, and the attenuation being more rapid in those soil layers with higher clay content and greater wave height. The pore pressure in silty seabed increases rapidly in the initial stage of wave action, then decreases gradually to a stable value, depending on the depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height. The peak value of pore pressure will increase if clay content or depth of buried soil layer decreases, or wave height increases. The analysis indicated that these soils with 5% clay content and waves with higher wave height produce instability in bed easier, and that the wave energy is mostly dissipated near the surface of soils and 5% clay content in soils can prevent pore pressure from dissipating immediately.     

济南泉域重点地段地铁建设适宜性评价

为评价济南泉域重点地段地铁建设适宜性,分析了影响地铁建设的主要影响因子,选取岩溶顶板埋深、岩溶水位埋深、岩溶含水层富水性、岩溶水功能分区、隔水层厚度、裂隙水位埋深、裂隙水富水性、地表水体分布、孔隙水位埋深、孔隙水富水性、活动断裂共11个因子建立评价指标体系,采用GIS空间分析法及AHP确定隶属度及权重,根据模糊评价结果,将济南泉域重点地段地铁建设划分为适宜区、一般区和不适宜区,并给出了各主要交通干道地铁建设与泉水保护的可行性建议。     

Numerical analysis of wellbore instability in gas hydrate formation during deep-water drilling

Gas hydrate formation may be encountered during deep-water drilling because of the large amount and wide distribution of gas hydrates under the shallow seabed of the South China Sea. Hydrates are extremely sensitive to temperature and pressure changes, and drilling through gas hydrate formation may cause dissociation of hydrates, accompanied by changes in wellbore temperatures, pore pressures, and stress states, thereby leading to wellbore plastic yield and wellbore instability. Considering the coupling effect of seepage of drilling fluid into gas hydrate formation, heat conduction between drilling fluid and formation, hydrate dissociation, and transformation of the formation framework, this study established a multi-field coupling mathematical model of the wellbore in the hydrate formation. Furthermore, the influences of drilling fluid temperatures, densities, and soaking time on the instability of hydrate formation were calculated and analyzed. Results show that the greater the temperature difference between the drilling fluid and hydrate formation is, the faster the hydrate dissociates, the wider the plastic dissociation range is, and the greater the failure width becomes. When the temperature difference is greater than 7℃, the maximum rate of plastic deformation around the wellbore is more than 10%, which is along the direction of the minimum horizontal in-situ stress and associated with instability and damage on the surrounding rock. The hydrate dissociation is insensitive to the variation of drilling fluid density, thereby implying that the change of the density of drilling fluids has a minimal effect on the hydrate dissociation. Drilling fluids that are absorbed into the hydrate formation result in fast dissociation at the initial stage. As time elapses, the hydrate dissociation slows down, but the risk of wellbore instability is aggravated due to the prolonged submersion in drilling fluids. For the sake of the stability of the wellbore in deep-water drilling through hydrate formation, the drilling fluid with low temperatures should be given priority. The drilling process should be kept under balanced pressures, and the drilling time should be shortened.     

Sediment compaction and pore pressure prediction in deepwater basin of the South China Sea: Estimation from ODP and IODP drilling well data

Overpressure in deepwater basins not only causes serious soft sediment deformation, but also significantly affects the safety of drilling operations. Therefore, prediction of overpressure in sediments has become an important task in deepwater oil exploration and development. In this study, we analyze the drilling data from ODP Leg 184 Sites 1144, 1146, and 1148, and IODP Leg 349 Sites U1431, U1432, U1433, and U1435 to study the sediment compaction and controls in the northern South China Sea. Sedimentation rate, sediment content, distribution area, and buried depth are the factors that influence sediment compaction in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. Among these factors, the sediment content is the most important. The fitted normal compacted coefficients and mudline porosity for an interval of 50 m shows disciplinary variation versus depth. The pore pressure predicted from different fitted results shows varying overpressure situations. The normal compaction trend from Site 1144 reflects the porosity variation trend in stable deposition basins in the northern South China Sea. The predicted pore pressure shows overpressure at Site 1144, which is attributed to compaction disequilibrium. Nevertheless, the mixed lithology column may influence the predicted over-pressure at Site 1148, which is responsible for the confusing result. Above all, we find that sediment compaction should serve as a proxy for pore pressure in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea.     

冀中坳陷潜山油气输导体系及与油气藏类型的匹配关系

通过总结前人研究结果,利用测井、钻井地质和地化等资料,对冀中坳陷潜山油气藏类型和油气输导体系特征进行研究,并结合已发现的潜山油气藏,建立了不同油气输导体系与潜山油气藏类型的匹配关系。结果表明:根据不同的圈闭遮挡条件,可将冀中坳陷潜山油气藏分为潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏等3种类型;潜山油气输导体系发育断裂、不整合、内幕溶蚀层和复合型输导体系等4种类型;受碳酸盐岩地层、断层活动性影响以及与油气生成时间的匹配,断裂型输导体系具有高效性和时效性的特征,有利于形成潜山顶和内幕油气藏;不整合型输导体系由不整合上部底砾岩和下部淋浴带组成,具有"双层"输导的特点,有利于形成潜山顶和潜山坡油气藏;内幕溶蚀层型输导体系由潜山内部的溶蚀孔-洞-缝系统组成,其发育程度受内部地层泥质含量控制,有利于形成潜山内幕油气藏;复合型输导体系由单一型输导体系复合形成,具有"多样式"的特点,可以形成潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏。     

实验尺度下钻井液在含水合物地层流动数值模拟

钻井实践表明,钻井液侵入会改变井壁围岩特性,例如岩石强度、孔隙压力等。在非常规的含水合物地层,钻井液侵入还可能诱发地层中水合物分解和再形成,从而对井壁稳定和测井解释产生影响。因此,研究钻井液在含水合物地层中侵入流动特性有非常重要的理论和实际应用价值。基于野外水合物储层的相关数据和室内实验模拟系统,采用数值模拟方法研究了实验尺度下钻井液在含水合物地层中的侵入流动规律及其对储层物性的影响。模拟结果可为后续实验模拟方案设计以及热开采研究提供一定的指导作用。      

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