西宁地震台地磁数字化与模拟记录对比分析

西宁地震台FHD数字化核旋仪从2006年10月安装以来,一直与模拟仪器并行工作。二者采样率不同,所测的量也不相同。在对西宁地震台磁变仪的记录图纸进行数字化转换、生成分钟值的基础上,对FHD仪和磁变仪的观测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:数字FHD仪比三分量磁变仪更加准确地记录了当地地磁场的变化,数字仪器的观测资料明显优于模拟仪器。     

分量核旋仪分量线圈装置误差的测定与修正方法

分量核旋仪分量线圈的装置误差与长期漂移会对地磁场水平分量和相对磁偏角的观测值产生一定的影响,本文对此进行了分析,并提出了分量核旋仪分量线圈装置误差与长期漂移的测定与修正方法,这对指导地磁台站提高分量核旋仪观测精度,促进观测技术的进步有一定的意义。     

红山地磁台F值一致性的初步分析

对2007年红山地磁台GM4磁通门磁力仪、FHD质子旋进磁力仪及CZM-2核旋仪的总强度F观测数据,进行了趋势变化、均值、差值以及基线值的对比分析,认为两台数字化仪器F的观测数据具有较高的观测精度和一致的变化趋势,仅均值存在较小的差别,已达到了国内高精度地磁观测的水平.CZM-2核旋仪受人为因素影响较大,仪器精度低.     

温度对FHD磁力仪观测数据噪声影响

分析国家地磁台网中心2009—2014年FHD磁力仪参考背景噪声数据,发现存在随季节变化,即随温度变化的现象,表明FHD仪观测受温度影响。分析认为,在环境噪声不变的情况下,温度变化会引起FHD仪配谐精确程度和品质因数Q值变化,使仪器选频的信噪比发生变化,从而使观测数据噪声随温度变化。要降低温度对观测数据噪声的影响,需要对仪器设计进行改进,在安装和使用时,尽量缩短FDH仪主机到探头信号线长度,且观测室建设尽量考虑保温要求。     

指零法和近零法观测基线值对比分析

引言 在“九五”项目的实施中，我国地磁观测台站已基本上配备了数字化记录的磁通门磁力仪和分量质子旋进磁力仪。高精度的CTM-DI仪磁通门经纬仪和G856质子磁力仪等绝对观测仪器也得到了普遍应用。有些台站仪器配置甚至更高，进口相对记录仪和绝对观测仪同国产仪器并行运行。但是，地磁观测任务决定了台站不能在架设数字化仪器的同时，立即停止原有模拟记录仪器，也就是说，各套仪器必须有一个并行运行期，这样做有利于数据对比分析及观测数据的连续可靠，进而分析仪器本身的性能，进一步做好数字化改造工作。在地磁台站，数字化改造改变…     

CHD型核旋仪晶振频率的温度实验

在我国地震地磁观测系统中广泛应用CHD型核旋仪进行地磁场强度测量。这种仪器较之机械式磁力仪,其优点是灵敏度高,工作效率高,操作简便,无太大的零点飘移,可直读地磁场强度。但是,CHD型核旋仪的实际工作温度范围远远超过了原设计指标。为了提高观测资料的质量,弄清CHD型核旋仪在不同温度条件下的工作性能,我们在实验室将CHD型核旋仪(不包括探头部分)放在高、低温箱里,测定了晶体部分BW_3型石英     

CHD—6核旋仪的技术改造

通过解决提高CHD-6核旋仪放大器的增益,展宽信号电压-频率转换电路的工作频谱,调试配谐电容和配以73-1分量仪等几个技术关健问题,克服了核旋仪在我国低纬地区只能观测总强度的局限性,并获得可靠稳定的地磁观测资料。     

1997—2016年中国大陆地区地磁台站观测环境变化定量分析

本文利用CHAOS-6地磁场模型计算1997—2016年中国大陆地区34个地磁台站模型值,分析比较模型计算值与台站实测值之间的差异,利用国际参考场模型IGRF12计算结果进行佐证。结果表明:地磁异常场模量△T作为地磁台站观测环境的一种标志,年变化显示:①中国大陆地区34个地磁基准台绝大部分位于地磁正常区或弱磁异常区,只有少数几个地磁台位于强磁异常区;②判断1个地磁台的地磁场环境,只测量总强度（F）是不够的,必须进行三分量绝对观测,利用地磁异常场模量△T评价地磁台的地磁场环境更全面、更科学合理。     

两种地磁场模型与地磁台站年均值一致性分析

研究了地磁场综合模型CM4和国际参考地磁场模型IGRF12与中国部分地磁台站年均值的一致性,并分析CM4与IGRF12模型之间的差异,结果表明,模型值与台站观测值的差值不随台站经纬度的改变而呈现规律性变化,两种模型值与台站观测值差值的两种变化形态相差较大;同一台站,同一地磁分量,两种地磁场模型的误差水平基本相当;同一地...     

北京地磁台的磁环境监测

对北京地磁台建台以来,台站周边环境随着北京城市化进程发生的变化做了较详细的描述.利用几次在台站地磁观测区范围内的地磁场梯度观测资料,分析了台站地磁观测场地磁场梯度的变化情况,并对现有地磁场梯度环境进行了评估.为北京地磁台及全国其他台站,在现有条件下的地磁观测工作提供了有益的参考.     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Structure of the poleward wall of the trough and the inclination of the geomagnetic field above the EISCAT radar

A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation.