北祁连山小柳沟钨矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄测定及其意义

小柳沟是中国在北方最新探明的一个大型钨矿床,本文概要地介绍了该矿床的成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,用Re-Os同位素方法测试辉钼矿,获得等时线年龄462±13 Ma(2σ),模式年龄436～496 Ma。还证明了成矿发生于板块碰撞期前,成矿物质主要为壳源。     

北祁连山小柳沟钨矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄测定及其意义

小柳沟是中国在北方最新探明的一个大型钨矿床,本文概要地介绍了该矿床的成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,用Re-Os同位素方法测试辉钼矿,获得等时线年龄462±13 Ma(2σ),模式年龄436～496 Ma。还证明了成矿发生于板块碰撞期前,成矿物质主要为壳源。     

江西大吉山钨矿成矿年代学研究

大吉山钨矿床是一个大型的石英脉型钨矿床。矿床在空间上与燕山早期复式花岗岩相伴。利用云母单矿物的K Ar同位素年龄测试方法,测定了矿床有关的花岗岩及矿脉的同位素年龄。结果表明,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母K Ar年龄为(160 3±3 03)Ma和(164 2±3 5)Ma,二云母花岗岩中白云母K Ar年龄为(160 6±2 8)Ma,含钨石英脉中白云母K Ar年龄为(152 6±2 35)Ma和(158 1±2 8)Ma。钨成矿与花岗岩的成岩基本不存在时差,推测含钨石英脉的形成可能与岩浆分异出的富含矿化剂和成矿元素的流体有关。     

阿拉善东七一山大型萤石矿床萤石钐-钕同位素年龄及地质意义

为了查明东七一山矿床的形成过程 ,对主矿体中的 5件萤石样品进行了钐_钕同位素测定 ,所获得的等时线年龄为 (5 11± 5 )Ma和MSWD值为 0 .10。此外 ,14 3 Nd/ 14 4Nd初始比值为 0 .5 1176 0± 5 (2σ)和 εNd(t)为 - 4.2±0 .5 (2σ)。依据上述同位素分析数据 ,同时结合容矿围岩和矿体的地质特征 ,可以推测 ,东七一山萤石矿床是加里东期构造_岩浆活动的产物。成矿热液来源与壳源岩浆结晶分异作用有关。该矿床属侵入岩为主岩的中高温热液萤石矿床     

阜平群下部太古代变质岩石的REE、Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd年龄及其意义

对采自阜平群下部16个变质岩石样品进行了Sm-Nd年龄测定,部分样品还进行了Rb-Sr年龄测定和REE分析。Sm-Nd同位素结果形成两条等时线。一条等时线具有年龄为:2790±171(2σ)Ma,I_(Nd)=0.50917±16(2σ),ε_(Nd)(t)=±1.6;另一条等时线,t=1949±84(2σ)Ma,I_(Nd)=0.50986±5(2σ),ε_(Nd)(t)=-5.0±1.0。Rb-Sr同位素数据分散,参考等时线年龄为2070Ma。     

白云鄂博稀土超大型矿床的成矿时代及其主要地质热事件

于白云鄂博矿床的主、东矿体及附近地区采集用于测定同位素年龄样品，通过镜下含稀土矿物的矿石结构构造的研究，选取了相同世代的独居石=氟碳铈矿、钠闪石等单矿物进行Th-Pb、Sm-Nd 和 40Ar/39Ar 同位素分析。其结果表明：独居石-氟碳铈矿7个点构成一条较好的Sm-Nd等时线，等时年龄 t=1313±41（2σ）Ma，143Nd/144Nd(INd)=0.210919±13(2σ),εNd（t）=-0.5±0.3(2σ).1313Ma 应为白云鄂博矿床的稀土成矿时代。主矿北和都拉哈拉的独居石分别测定了     

汝城高坳背钨—钼矿区花岗岩锆石U Pb年龄、Hf同位素及矿石辉钼矿Re Os年龄

湖南汝城高坳背钨—钼矿床是湘南地区近年发现的远景规模达大型或超大型的黑钨矿石英脉型热液钨—钼矿床,然而对该矿床与成矿有关的花岗岩的成岩年龄和钨—钼成矿年龄还缺乏研究。本文利用锆石SHRIMP UPb同位素定年方法对该矿区黑云母二长花岗岩进行了年龄测定, 获得其侵位年龄为2221±2.0 Ma,其中还发现其锆石内核含古元古代—新太古代的继承锆石。晚三叠世年龄的锆石具低的εHf(t)值（-4.7~-10.9）和1.6~2.0 Ga的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄,表明它们的岩浆源区主要以华南古元古代基底物质或者更古老的基底物质改造而成。古元古代—新太古代继承锆石中正的εHf(t)值（4.3~8.5）的存在,暗示形成这些古老继承锆石的初始物质中有幔源物质的加入。利用辉钼矿ReOs 等时线法,获得该矿的成矿年龄为157.3±6.6 Ma (n= 5, MSWD = 0.11)。高坳背钨—钼矿区黑云母二长花岗岩锆石年龄、Hf同位素资料和钨钼矿成矿年龄表明, 花岗岩中存在古老地壳的残留锆石,说明花岗岩的物质来源可能与华南古老的陆壳基底有关,钨钼矿区黑云母二长花岗岩成岩时代为晚三叠世,而成矿时代为晚侏罗世,推测该矿深部有晚侏罗世的花岗岩存在。这些新的同位素年龄资料为研究华南同类矿床的形成演化与指导区域找矿提供了重要的地球化学依据。     

江西省武功山地区浒坑钨矿床的Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

浒坑钨矿床是位于江西省中部武功山成矿带的大型石英脉型黑钨矿床。为了确定该矿床的成矿时代,笔者选取了浒坑含钨石英脉中与黑钨矿共生的辉钼矿进行了高精度Re-Os同位素定年,并获得5个辉钼矿样品的Re-Os等时线年龄和模式加权平均年龄分别为150.2±2.2Ma和149.82±0.92Ma。测年数据表明浒坑钨矿床的成矿时代为150Ma左右,是华南地区中生代大规模成岩成矿作用高峰期的产物。辉钼矿含铼较低,表明成矿物质可能来自壳源,与形成浒坑花岗岩体的燕山期重熔S型花岗岩岩浆活动有关。该矿床形成于燕山期岩石圈伸展减薄环境。     

湖北省随州花山蛇绿混杂岩Sm—Nd、Rb—Sr同位素年代研究

对湖北省随州地区组成花山蛇绿混杂岩的杨家棚MORB型火山岩、小阜岛弧型火山岩进行了Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素分析。由杨家棚地区火山岩样品得出的全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1736±37(2σ)Ma,I_(Nd)=0.510582±42(2σ),ε_(Nd)(t)=+3.7;由小阜火山岩样品得出的全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1197±170(2σ) Ma,I_(Nd)=0.51125±18(2σ),ε_(Nd)(t)=+3.1;小阜火山岩样品全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为737±31(2σ)Ma,I_(sr)=0.7052±13(2σ)。这些结果表明花山洋盆的形成时间可能为中元古代,而非古生代;737Ma指示了其后期的变质年龄。     

东秦岭南泥湖钼（钨）矿田Re—Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭钼矿带的南泥湖为一超大型夕卡岩斑岩型钼(钨)矿田,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法对南泥湖钼矿田三个矿床6件辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素年龄测定,获得南泥湖矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为141.8±2.1 Ma;三道庄矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为144.5±2.2～145.0±2.2Ma,平均为145.0±2.2 Ma;上房沟矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为143.8士2.1～145.8±2.1 Ma,平均为144.8±2.1 Ma;6件样品的等时线年龄为141.5±7.8 Ma(2σ),准确厘定了成矿时间.Re-Os同位素还表明:南泥湖钼矿的成矿物质来源以下地壳成分为主,但混有少量地幔组分.南泥湖钼矿是在中国东部中生代构造体制大转换中形成,属于中国东部中生代大规模成矿作用的一部分.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.