STUDIES ON TERRACES AND RIVER SYSTEM CHANGES OF THE UPPER YELLOW RIVER

Ｉ.ＴｈｅＴｅｒｒａｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＴｈｅｔｅｒｒａｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｗｉｄｅｒｃｏｕｒｓｅｓｉｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌＭｅｓｏｚｏｉｃＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｂａｓｉｎｓ(Ｆｉｇｕｒｅ1).1.ＴｅｒｒａｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＮｇｏｒｉｎｇＬａｋｅａｎｄＧｙａｒｉｎｇＬａｋｅＴｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｌａｙｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｗｉｄｅａｎｄｓｈａｌｌｏｗｂａｓｉｎｓｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅＹｅｌｌ…     

GEOCHENICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

I.IntroductionTlleYangtzeXiveroriginates0nthenorthernsideoftheTananlaMoulltail1ns0lltheQinghai-TibetPlateauinsouthwesternpartofQinghaiProvince,traversingacrosseightprovincesandanautonomousregionandfinallyPOuringintotheEastChinaSea.The638O-kilollleter-l0ngYallgtzeXivercoversadrainagearea0fl.8mi1lionkin'.0fthe53firstclasstributaries,26haveadrai1lageareaexceedinglO,OO0km2each.lnthevastdrainageareaoftheYangtzemver,tl1eeco-envir0nmentalconditi0nsdiffergreatlyfr0m0neregiontoan0ther.Topograp…     

INTERPRETATION OF COPPER AND ZINC CONTAMINATION IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A POLLUTED RIVER, SEPANG RIVER

Three different aquatic ecosystems(an urban pond,Kelana Jaya Pond;a polluted river,Sepang River;and the intertidal and offshore areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia)with different sets of ecological backgrounds and human activities were reviewed and assessed for the levels of Cu and Zn contamination with special reference to those found in polluted sediments collected from the Sepang River.The discussion on the contamination levels of Cu and Zn in the aquatic environment of Peninsular Malaysia was based on a comparison of the metal contamination of 4 kinds of aquatic environments.The comparison of 4 different areas was based on ① total concentrations of 2 metals;② the concentrations and percentages of the nonresistant(EFLE,acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic)and resistant geochemical fractions;and ③ correlation coefficients(R-values)based on data of 4 areas separately and a combination of 4 areas.The Sepang River recorded nonresistant fractions of 63.1% for Zn and 55.8% for Cu in addition to slightly lower metal concentrations when compared to those(60%-70%)reported before the shutting down of the piggery activities in that area.These nonresistant metal percentages(55%-63%)indicated that the metal concentrations were still dominated by anthropogenic sources since nonresistant fraction of metals were mostly contributed by anthropogenic sources.The positive results from the four different aquatic environments assessed here provided strong evidence to show that Malaysia's aquatic environment had received anthropogenic Cu and Zn.The present study also showed that the percentage of the nonresistant fraction and the R-values based on correlation analysis of Cu and Zn could be used as indicators of Cu and Zn pollution in the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem.Based on the present data,the correlation coefficients(R-values)are potential indicators of EFLE Cu and acid-reducible Cu of the sediments.The use of R-values as indicators of metal pollution is suggested and it is applicable to other heavy metal data although it should be improved in future studies.     

GEOFEATURES AND RESOURCE ELEMENT COMBINATION OF TUMEN RIVER ECONOMIC GROWTH TRIANGLE

Ｉ.ＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｎＴｕｍｅｎＲｉｖｅｒＧｒｏｗｔｈＴｒｉａｎｇｌｅＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｌａｔｅ1980ｓ,Ａｓｉａｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｕｔｅｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅｓｈａｖｅｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ.ＡｈｏｓｔｏｆｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｈａｖｅｊｏｉｎｅｄｈａｎｄｓｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔａｎｄｌａｔｅｒｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＡｓｉａ.Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｙａｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｃｉｐｉｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅ,ｔｈｅｙ…     

RESEARCHES ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN AND LAWS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION

TheYelowfover,risingintheYawiiebasinatthenofthofBayanthrMts.onTibanPatheu,istheseCOnlaperiverinChina.ItflowseaStWrdthrowtnineprownasorngonsof~i,Sichuan,Gansu,Ningha,InnerMonghia,Sbo,Shaaha,Ham,andShanwtintotheBohaiSeaatKedicoUnty,ShandongProvince.Itcovers…     

THE REGULATION OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF FLUVIAL PROCESSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

SYNOPSIS For the sake of flood and sedimentation control down-stream of the reservoirs, a study has been carried out on the ways of operation of several reservoirs in the Lower Yellow River. A program on the regulation of flow and sediment is suggested with the following purposes:     

THE REGULATION OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF FLUVIAL PROCESSES FOR THE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

SYNOPSIS For the sake of flood and sedimentation control down-stream of the reservoirs, a study has been carried out on the ways of operation of several reservoirs in the Lower Yellow River. A program on the regulation of flow and sediment is suggested with the following purposes:     

CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN CHINA

TheLoessPlateauarealocatedinti1eMiddleReachesoftheYellowffiver(MRYR)isti1ecradleoftheCltinesenationandthesourceoftheancientcivilization.However,dun11galongpenodoftime,unreasonablelanduse,rapidpopulationgrowthandsenousmptiol1damagemadetheoriginalcriticaIenvirorunentevenworsened,deePlyichuencingtheeconowhcdeveloPmrmandtheimProvementoflocalpeople'slivingstandard.Thege0graplticalenvirorul1entisaco11unonandnecessaryextemalcondition.Wthsocialprogressandsciatificandtechnicaldevelopn1Cnt,theconn…     

PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF MULTI-CONSTITUENT WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR THE LIANGXI RIVER BY MARQUARDT METHOD

l.Illtr0ducti0l1TheLiangyiRiver,l0catedinthesouthwest0fWuxiCity,JiangsuProvinceofChina,isthemainsewagedrainagesystemofWuxi.WuxiwaterworksisnearthelnouthoftheLiangxiRivertotheTaihuLake.Tl1ewaterquality0ftl1eri\lerl1aseffectontheTaihuLakeaswellasthepublicl1ealth.Withtheincreasil1gIycomplexc0nstituentsoftheseWagandwastewterfromthecity,waterqualityvariab1es(111ulti-constituents)oftl1erivern1ustbef[111vcol1sidered.Hereco111est110LiangxiXivermulti-constituentwaterqtalitym0del.Ifthestatevaria…     

DISTORTIONS IN PRESETTLEMENT LAND EVALUATION: THE CASE OF SWAN RIVER,WESTERN AUSTRALIA∗

The United States Department of Energy is required by law to plan, acquire, store, and maintain a Strategic Petroleum Reserve of crude oil and petroleum products. This is to be used if there is an interruption in crude oil supply. The plan is described and then analyzed with a linear programming model. The results show that the plan is generally well formulated.     

THE GRANDEST CANYON IN THE WORLD——THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY OF THE YARLUNG ZANGBO RIVER CANYON

ＴｈｅＹａｒｌｕｎｇＺａｎｇｂｏＲｉｖｅｒＣａｎｙｏｎ,ｗｈｉｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｐａｓｓｅｓＭｏｕｎｔＮａｍｊａｇｂａｒｗａ,ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｅｗｍｙｓｔｉｃａｌｆｏｒｂｂｉｄｅｎａｒｅａｓｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｏｎｅａｒｔｈａｎｄｉｓｈｏｍｅｔｏｍａｎｙｐｒｏｆｏｕｎｄｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍｙｓｔｅｒｉｅｓａｗａｉｔｉｎｇｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎ.Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ…     

THE WATER RESOURCES IN THE EUPHRATES RIVER AND THE TIGRIS RIVER VALLEYS AND POLITICAL RELATION BETWEEN COUNTRIES CONCERNED

Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅＭｉｄｄｌｅＥａｓｔｉｓａｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｗｈｉｃｈｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｃｏｎｔｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｓｅｘｉｓｔ.Ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｃａｕｓｅｌｉｅｓｉｎｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｃｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｉｃｈｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｏｉｌａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｇａｓ.Ｉｔｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｈｏｔｓｐｏｔｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ,ａｎｄｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔｓｈａｖｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｃｏ…     

HUMAN AND NATURE,THE CORRESPONDING MANAGEMENT IN NATURAL RESERVE——A CASE STUDY OF XISHUANGBANNA NABAN RIVER NATURAL RESERVE

１　ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＸｉｓｈｕａｎｇｂａｎｎａＤａｉＰｅｏｐｌｅＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｌａｎｄａｒｅａｉｓ１９２２３ｋｍ２ｗｉｔｈｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ８１７７７２ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅＤａｉ,Ｈａｎｉ,Ｂｕｌａｎ,Ｌａｈｕ,Ｊｉｎｕｏ,Ｙａｏ,Ｗａ,ａｎｄＨａｎｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎ．Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅｉｓ６３％．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ４００００…     

RIVER SYSTEM AND DISTURBANCE FACTORS IN THE LAKE TOBA

Situated at an elevation of 905 m above sea level in the Province of North Sumatra, Lake Toba and its surrounding landscapes are regarded as a natural heritage in a certain extent, as a quoted national treasure. Unfortunately degradation of the land and water resources in the watershed along Lake Toba is taking place at an alarming and totally unacceptable rate. The quality of the lake is partly depended on input the quality of the rivers. When compared to the control area the water quality that influenced by the piggeries are highly polluted. It can be concluded that the Salbe River at the downstream of the piggeries has been polluted and apparently it is a serious problem to the catchment area management. It should be noted that the polluted river would influence the water quality of the Lake Toba. Based on calculation, the permissible BOD5 according to B- river standard is 238 mg/L, it means the river still in B standard but the condition and quality are decreasing continuously. Following the Indonesian health standard the permissible BOD is - 461 mg/L. It means BOD in the river should be reduced 461 mg/L or clean program is needed.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL CONTENTS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SOILS OF KARAKORUM-WEST KUNLUN MOUNTAIN REGION

I.ASurveyofNaturalConditionsKarakon1l1i-WestKul1l1l11Mtsissituatedi11thel1orthwesternpartoftheQinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau.Therearel1igl11llountains,deepandnarrowgorqe5.brondplateausandothercomplicatedlandforms.Characteristicsoflal1dfor1115nreaccountablefortl1eforl11atio11ofvario[1sverticaldistributiol1ofsoilspectrun1.1nthisrcgiol1,theclimatcisf;lgidaiidd1:Yi4it1ilitt1eprecipitatioi1.Gc,,c,d11,.pl'ecipitatio11i11plainareaatfootofthemountainsislessthanlOOmmbutitchangesalongwttl1variatio…     

AREAS OF 3338 ISIANDS ALONG THE COAST OF CHINA

1 All islands are measured by Plauimeter.2 Maps and charts used: a, British Admiralty Charts b, Charts published by the Hydrographic Department of Chinese Navy, c, Japanese Charts