Geochemical relationships between anorthosite and associated iron-rich rocks,Laramie Range,Wyoming

Rocks enriched in iron oxide and mafic silicates are commonly present as minor volumes of Proterozoic anorthosite complexes. In the Laramie Range, Wyoming, anorthositic rocks, gabbros, and iron oxide ore have been chemically analyzed to determine if the spatial association is a result of genetic relationships between the rock types.Variations in abundances of REE, Th, Sc, and Sr in whole-rock and in mineral separates from anorthositic rocks provide evidence for the presence of trapped intercumulus liquid. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in apatites separated from iron oxide ore (0.70535±0.00004) are analogous to initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in Laramie Range anorthosite (0.70531 and 0.70537). In addition, REE abundances in calculated parental liquids for both anorthositic rocks and iron ore are similar, providing further evidence for a comagmatic relationship.Trace element and textural characteristics of spatially associated Laramie Range gabbros indicate that they are not mixtures of the trapped liquid and cumulus components which formed anorthositic rocks. It is suggested that gabbros are early differentiation products of a high-Al gabbroic magma which subsequently crystallized large volumes of plagioclase to produce the anorthosite massif.     

华北克拉通南部熊耳盆地晚前寒武纪年代地层格架和演化

熊耳盆地发育华北克拉通最齐全的晚前寒武纪地层,是认识华北克拉通晚前寒武纪沉积和构造演化历史的理想地区.依据收集和自测的38个碎屑岩和23个岩浆岩样品的锆石年代学数据,结合岩相区域对比、沉积古地理格局继承关系等,细化年代地层格架和分析盆地构造属性,重塑熊耳盆地晚前寒武纪构造演化历史及沉积古地理格局.重新厘定的晚前寒武纪年代地层格架将熊耳盆地演化划分为六个阶段:早长城世裂陷、晚长城世断陷、蓟县纪坳陷、待建纪早期坳陷、青白口纪坳陷及晚震旦世冰期坳陷,以及早长城世末期、待建纪中晚期和南华纪—早震旦世三期重要的沉积间断.熊耳盆地存在晚长城世和青白口纪两期碰撞型—伸展型的盆地属性转换,支持北秦岭地体与华北克拉通多期拼贴—裂解的演化模式.中元古代早长城世—待建纪早期的火山-沉积岩系及1.64～1.47 Ga非造山岩浆事件是Columbia超大陆裂解的地质响应,青白口纪早期碰撞型沉积岩系和晚期伸展型火山-沉积岩系分别是Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解的地质响应.     

新疆南天山泥盆纪钙碱性侵入岩的形成时代、地球化学特征及构造意义

南天山位于中亚造山带南部,塔里木盆地北缘。长期以来,有关其在古生代时期的演化规律、南天山古洋盆的俯冲方式、俯冲作用规模、持续时间及闭合时限等科学问题研究都是地学界的热点。本研究报道了出露于南天山造山带南缘(塔里木克拉通北缘)的咔拉吾勒及欧西达坂古生代钙碱性侵入岩的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素及地球化学数据,其中咔拉吾勒细粒闪长岩、欧西达坂花岗闪长岩及钾长花岗岩的年龄分别为413.2±5.5Ma、407.3±5.1Ma及409.3±5.2Ma,都形成于早泥盆世。结合前人对研究区欧西达坂石英闪长岩的年代学(418.4±2.2Ma)及地球化学数据,确定了泥盆纪时期南天山南缘发育一套钙碱性的闪长岩-石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-花岗岩的岩石组合,各岩体表现出相近的时空分布及地球化学特征,判断各岩石应为同源岩浆结晶分异的产物。欧西达坂花岗闪长岩的锆石Lu-Hf同位素数据显示出较大范围的176Hf/177Hf比值(0.282185~0.282901)、εHf(t)值(-12.0~12.9)及t DM2模式年龄(573~2149Ma),体现出新老地壳物质混染的特征,指示其母岩浆为混合岩浆。结合各岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(如:Rb、Ba、Th、Sr),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(如:Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)及低Nb/Ta比值等特征,本研究推断该岩石组合为弧岩浆岩系列,其母岩浆可能产生于俯冲消减构造环境下新生玄武质岩浆与老陆壳重熔酸性岩浆的混合,并经历了一定的结晶分异而成岩。进一步的综合分析表明,南天山南缘古生代中期一系列岩浆活动的时代至少从晚奥陶世一直持续到晚石炭世-早二叠世,而南天山古洋盆至少于奥陶纪期间向北(伊犁-中天山地块)发生单向俯冲。晚奥陶世-泥盆纪期间,其东、西两段的俯冲极性或有所不同,西段或为持续的北向俯冲,东部地区为向南北双向俯冲,塔里木北缘在该侧转变为活动大陆边缘。本研究旨在为南天山造山带古生代期间的构造演化提供一定的约束条件。     

大兴安岭南段三叠纪基性火山岩时代与构造环境

应用火山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMAS法和基质Ar-Ar法定年,表明大兴安岭南段存在三叠纪玄武质岩石,其年龄为214～250Ma.主量和微量元素地球化学反映三叠纪火山岩为亚碱性和低K拉斑玄武岩系列,部分岩石具岛弧火山岩地球化学性质,但主要呈造山后伸展环境下的岩浆活动特征.Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成说明三叠纪基性火山岩岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔,但局部地区有软流圈物质加入;岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制,并有少量地壳物质的混染.综合研究表明三叠纪大兴安岭南段处于中亚造山带后造山伸展阶段,基性岩浆形成于软流圈上涌诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,拉斑玄武岩和辉绿玢岩脉即为伸张条件下基性岩浆活动的产物.结合区域构造演化,本文推测西拉木伦河.长春.延吉缝合带可能具有西段造山和造山后伸张作用稍早于东段的特征.     

北山南部二叠纪海相玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

基于北山南部晚古生代构造演化争议较大,本文对该区4条下—中二叠统代表剖面中的玄武岩进行了岩相学、元素地球化学、及全岩Sr- Nd同位素等研究;并对地层中的中酸性火山岩进行了锆石U- Pb定年。获得英安岩与安山岩的锆石U- Pb年龄分别为289. 5±2. 3Ma和267. 8±3. 1Ma,结合已发表年龄数据及古生物资料,明确了火山岩的喷发时代介于早二叠世亚丁斯克期—中二叠世沃德期。该套玄武岩产于海相地层中,主体为拉斑玄武岩系列;氧化物含量变化较大,TiO 2 含量中等(0. 9%~2. 53%);轻重稀土分馏不明显［(La/Yb) N=1. 6~6. 2］,且无显著Eu异常( δ Eu为0. 79~1. 19);不同程度亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等元素,富集La、Ce、Nd、Zr等元素;ε Nd ( t ) 值介于1. 4~10. 9,( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i 值为0. 703365~0. 707285。玄武岩源区为受俯冲物质改造的软流圈地幔,经不同程度熔融所形成;既与岛弧或陆缘弧所产生的火山岩有所差别,又不同于地幔柱或热点所产生的玄武岩,在各判别图解中,大多投入板内玄武岩(WPB)或洋脊玄武岩(MORB)。结合该区域其他地质资料,推测该套玄武岩的产生与北山南部加厚岩石圈的拆沉作用有关。     

东天山石炭纪雅满苏组火山岩特征及地质意义

雅满苏组火山岩是东天山石炭纪火山岩的重要组成部分,也是东天山地区海相火山岩型铁多金属矿床的赋矿地层。其年代学及地球化学研究对探讨该区古生代构造演化和火山岩型铁多金属矿床成因具有重要意义。本文对东天山地区雅满苏组火山岩的岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学进行了系统研究。结果显示:雅满苏组是一套海相火山岩夹碳酸盐岩建造,其上亚组英安岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为334.4±1.7 Ma(MSWD=0.67),代表了雅满苏上亚组火山岩形成时代,切穿雅满苏铁矿区矽卡岩及矿体的正长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为325.5±1.7 Ma(MSWD=0.34),表明雅满苏铁矿床形成不晚于325 Ma。雅满苏上亚组英安岩和玄武岩显示了富集LREE、U、Sr,相对亏损Nb、Ta等元素的特征,且英安岩锆石的(176Hf/177Hf)i比值介于0.282 644~0.282 802之间,εHf(334 Ma)为3.0~8.0,表明它们是活动大陆边缘弧环境的产物,英安岩是新生地壳物质部分熔融的结果,玄武岩是软流圈地幔与受俯冲板片流体交代地幔的混合熔体演化的产物。结合前人研究成果,认为雅满苏组火山岩是早石炭世中期古亚洲洋俯冲作用的产物,石炭纪时期古亚洲洋尚未闭合,雅满苏铁矿床形成介于334~325 Ma之间,是与石炭纪火山岩有成因联系的铁矿床。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Laramie anorthosite complex,Wyoming

A geochemical investigation of the Laramie anorthosite complex determined that monsonite associated with the complex are characterized by positive Eu anomalies and display a regular variation in composition with distance from the monzonite/county rock contact. Anorthositic rocks have major and trace element abundance typical of similar complexes. The internal variations in the monzonite were produced by in situ fractionation and contamination. The data indicate that anorthosite and monzonite cannot be comagmatic. It is proposed that the anorthosite and monzonite of the complex evolved from two distinct magmas, and that two stages of anatectic melting contributed to the evolution of the monzonite. An initial stage of partial melting was induced by intrusion of a gabbroic anorthosite magma into the lower crust; a second partial melting event occurred after emplacement where heat from the intrusions melted country rocks resulting in extensive contamination ofthe monzonite.     

大兴安岭北段二十一站岩体年代学、地球化学及其找矿意义

大兴安岭北端的上黑龙江盆地具有良好的斑岩型矿床的成矿潜力,本次对二十一站铜金矿区与成矿密切相关的闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。二十一站岩体的U-Pb定年结果显示,闪长岩形成时代为129±2Ma(MSWD=0.41),花岗闪长斑岩形成时代为127±2Ma(MSWD=0.10),均为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,闪长岩SiO_2的含量为57.04%～59.91%,Al_2O_3为15.5%～16.22%,MgO为2.93%～4.02%,Mg~#为51～61;花岗闪长斑岩SiO_2的含量为61.52%～62.77%,Al_2O_3为13.71%～14.54%,MgO为1.91%～2.51%,Mg~#为52～60,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的Sr含量高,为595×10~(-6)～1207×10~(-6),Y含量低,介于11×10~(-6)～16.1×10~(-6)之间,Yb含量低,为1.1×10~(-6)～1.62×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N值为14.5～19.9,δEu值介于0.70～0.85之间,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),符合埃达克岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质研究认为上黑龙江盆地二十一站早白垩世岩体为源区存在的榴辉岩或高镁麻粒岩构成的下地壳拆沉、熔融形成,该时期处于蒙古-中朝大陆与西伯利亚大陆后碰撞局部隆升的构造环境。     

大兴安岭北段高地林场满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

对大兴安岭北段高地林场地区满克头鄂博组火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究,以限定其岩石成因及成岩构造背景.定年结果显示:火山岩年龄为(149±1)Ma,形成于晚侏罗世.岩石地球化学特征具有高硅、富碱、贫钙、贫镁,为高钾钙碱性弱过铝质岩石;稀土总量(ΣREE)为124.32×10-6～189....     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Grenvillian igneous suites in the northern Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: tectonic implications

Chemical and U–Pb isotopic analyses of metaigneous rocks in the northern Oaxacan Complex in southern Mexico indicate that they form part of two granitic–gabbroic suites intruded at 1157–1130 and 1012 Ma, which were metamorphosed under granulite facies conditions between 1004 and 980 Ma. Although the older suite has both within-plate and arc geochemical signatures, the arc characteristics (enrichment of La and Ce relative to Nb, Ta, and Th) are inferred to result from crustal contamination, a conclusion consistent with their negative _Nd signatures. The younger suite is spatially associated with anorthosites (from which we were unable to acquire a protolith age), suggesting that collectively it forms part of anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite (AMCG) suites. The tholeiitic nature of the mafic rocks along with the within-plate character of the felsic rocks suggests that they were intruded during extension related to either farfield backarc rifting, rifting above a slab window, or anorogenic intercontinental rifting. Potentially correlative AMCG suites are widespread in Mexico, the Grenville Province of eastern Canada and northeastern USA, and the Andean massifs of Colombia, however, Pb isotopic data most closely resemble those in South America. These data are consistent with published hypotheses that suggest Oaxaquia represents an exotic terrane derived from Amazonia.     

High-Al gabbros in the Laramie Anorthosite Complex,Wyoming: implications for the composition of melts parental to Proterozoic anorthosite

High-Al gabbro represents one of the latest phases of magmatism in the 1.43 Ga Laramie anorthosite complex (LAC) in southeastern Wyoming. This lithology, which is mineralogically and geochemically the most primitive in the LAC, forms dikes and small intrusions that cross cut monzonitic and anorthositic rocks. High-Al gabbro is characterized by high Al₂O₃ (15–19 wt%), REE patterns with positive europium anomalies (Eu/Eu^*=1.2–3.8), and the lowest initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (as low as 0.7033) and highest initial _Nd (up to +2) in the LAC. Their Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics indicate a mantle origin followed by crustal assimilation during ascent. Intermediate plagioclase (An_50–60) and mafic silicate (Fo_54–63) compositions suggest that they are not primary mantle melts and that they differentiated prior to final emplacement. High-Al gabbros of the LAC are similar compositionally to gabbros from several other Proterozoic anorthosite complexes, including rocks from the Harp Lake complex and the Hettasch intrusion in Labrador and the Adirondack Mountains of New York. These gabbros are considered to be parental to their associated anorthositic rocks, a theory that is supported by recent experimental work. We interpret LAC high-Al gabbros to represent mantle-derived melts produced by the differentiation of a basaltic magma in an upper mantle chamber. Continued evolution of this magma eventually resulted in the formation of plagioclase-rich diapirs which ascended to mid-crustal levels and formed the anorthositic rocks of the LAC. Because these gabbros intrude the anorthositic rocks, they do not represent directly the magma from which anorthosite crystallized and instead are younger samples of magma formed by identical processes.     

Geochronology,petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of Mesozoic volcanic rocks,southern Manzhouli area,Inner Mongolia

We have undertaken major and trace element analyses of volcanic rocks in Northeast China, as well as U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of their zircons, in order to determine the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the volcanics. Mesozoic volcanism in the southern Manzhouli area occurred in two stages: Middle to Late Jurassic (164–147 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (142–123 Ma). The first stage is represented by the Tamulangou, Jixiangfeng, and Qiyimuchang formations. The Jixiangfeng Formation (162–156 Ma) is a rhyolite–trachyte dominated unit that lies between two basalt units, namely the underlying Tamulangou (164–160 Ma) and overlying Qiyimuchang (151–147 Ma) formations. The second igneous stage is dominated by rhyolitic lavas and tuffs of the Shangkuli Formation and basaltic rocks of the Yiliekede Formation, and they yield zircon U–Pb ages of 142–125 and 135–123 Ma, respectively. Basaltic rocks of the Tamulangou and Yiliekede formations have a wide range of MgO contents (1.64–9.59 wt%), but are consistently depleted of Nb and Ta and enriched with incompatible trace elements such as large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs). Trachytes and rhyolites of the Jixiangfeng and Shangkuli formations are characterized by enrichment in LILEs and LREEs relative to HFSEs and HREEs, and with negative Nb, Ta, P, and Ti anomalies and positive ? _Hf(t) values (3.49–9.98). These data suggest that basaltic volcanic rocks in southern Manzhouli were generated by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma, which was derived by partial melting of metasomatized (enriched) lithospheric mantle, whereas the trachytic and rhyolitic magmas were produced by the melting of lower crustal mafic and felsic granulites, respectively. Geochronological data indicate that Mesozoic volcanism in southern Manzhouli was initiated in the Middle to Late Jurassic and continued into the Early Cretaceous. It was mainly induced by lithospheric extension after the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean.     

华北克拉通南缘潘河~1.5Ga正长岩的厘定及其构造意义

华北克拉通是否曾是Columbia超大陆的组成部分并具有一致的裂解过程一直存在争议,而已知的中元古代非造山岩浆组合集中分布于华北克拉通北缘是引起有关裂解过程争论的重要原因。作者近来在华北克拉通南缘,河南省卢氏县潘河地区,厘定了一组中元古代走向近东西的正长岩脉群。正长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为1469±8Ma(MSWD=1.4)。岩石类型主要为黑云母正长岩,局部有少量霞石正长岩。岩体的SiO2变化于51.3%～65.7%之间,碱含量较高,K2O+Na2O总量8.32%～13.0%,铝含量较高(Al2O3=18.7%～20.0%),为碱性过铝质岩类。岩体轻重稀土分馏较为显著(La/Yb)N=14.5～34.5,具有显著的Eu负异常(δEu=0.2～0.3),强烈富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Nd、Tb等高场强元素,而Sr、Ti、P、Eu等元素显著亏损。岩石εHf(t)=-14.79～+8.16,Hf模式年龄为2.93～1.74Ga,指示成岩物质主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融并有地壳物质的加入。岩体形成于板内伸展构造环境,这表明华北克拉通的南缘也同时记录了华北克拉通曾经在中元古代发生过大规模的伸展作用,其伸展过程可能与Columbia超大陆的裂解有关。     

Evidence for an inverted metamorphic gradient associated with a Precambrian suture, southern Wyoming

Abstract An inverted metamorphic gradient associated with the northern mylonite zone of the Cheyenne belt, a deeply eroded Precambrian suture in southern Wyoming, has been documented within metasedimentary rocks of the Early Proterozoic Snowy Pass Supergroup. Metamorphic grade in the steeply dipping supracrustal sequence increases from the chlorite through the biotite, garnet, and staurolite zones both stratigraphically and structurally upward toward the northern mylonite zone. A minimum temperature increase of approximately 100° C over a km-wide zone is required for this transition. Parallelism of inverted isograds with the trace of the northern mylonite zone implies a genetic relationship between deformation associated with that zone and the inverted metamorphic gradient within the Snowy Pass Supergroup. Field evidence together with microstructural and petrofabric analysis indicate northward thrusting of amphibolite-grade rocks over rocks of the Snowy Pass Supergroup along the northern mylonite zone. Mineral equilibria and garnet-biotite geothermometry on synkinematic mineral assemblages within the Snowy Pass metasedimentary rocks indicate deformation at minimum temperatures of 480° C and pressures of 350–400 MPa (3°5–4°0 kbar). This implies tectonic burial or upper plate thickness of 13–15 km. The narrow character of metamorphic zonation and microtextures within the Snowy Pass Supergroup which indicate late synkine-matic growth of garnet and staurolite, preclude rotation of pre-existing isograds by folding as a mechanism for development of the inverted gradient. Conductive transport of heat from the upper into the lower plate across the originally low-angle thrust is insufficient to produce the necessary temperatures in the lower plate. Shear heating is considered insufficient to produce the observed metamorphic transition unless high shear stresses are postulated. Up-dip advection of metamorphic fluids is a feasible, but unproven, mechanism for heat transport. The possibility that rapid uplift due to stacking of several thrust sheets may have played a role in preserving the inverted metamorphic gradient cannot be evaluated at present.     

大兴安岭南部乌拉盖地区满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学、地球化学研究及构造环境分析

[研究目的]通过查明大兴安岭乌拉盖地区火山岩的年龄、地球化学特征,探讨火山岩形成的时代、成因及构造背景,为研究大兴安岭南部地区的岩浆活动和构造演化过程提供依据.[研究方法]选取大兴安岭乌拉盖地区满克头鄂博组火山岩,系统开展LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究.[研究结果]研究区满克头鄂博组火山岩...     

东北亚南区中—新生代大地构造轮廓

东北亚南区是西太平洋构造带、北美大陆板块(或鄂霍次克板块)与中亚造山带、中朝、扬子板块等交汇部位,在泛大陆(Pangaea)拼合、裂解的宏观背景下中—新生代以来经历了多次构造事件的叠加,构造面貌比较复杂。包括朝鲜半岛在内,许多中—小型陆块的构造归属长期以来一直存在着争议,笔者根据近年来SHRIMP测年信息、生物古地理和相邻构造带的延伸,认为朝鲜半岛、日本飞驒—隐歧地块古生代应该归属于中朝板块;萨哈林岛—日本北海道归属于北美板块;布列亚—佳木斯—兴凯地块古生代归属于西伯利亚板块。20世纪80年代以来绝大多数学者都把本区中生代以来的构造发展同西太平洋壳向东北亚大陆的俯冲联系在一起,然而近年相当多学者从东亚大陆本身的陆-陆碰撞-挤出-扩张来寻求晚中生代以来地壳-岩石圈减薄的地球动力学原因。本区经历了晚海西—印支期古亚洲洋消亡和晚燕山期(晚侏罗—早白垩世)南北大陆的陆-陆碰撞汇聚两个时期,使中亚造山带扩展到中朝板块北缘的阴山—燕山地区,使地壳增厚,形成与现今青藏高原类似的高原地貌;早白垩世晚期—古近纪本区地壳-岩石圈减薄,出现大规模伸展型盆-山结构,郯—庐断裂北延,出现左行走滑错移,东部陆缘俯冲增生、太平洋板块运动转向,引起的挤压变形,以及古近纪晚期大面积准平原化,黑龙江、吉林古近纪隆起边缘断陷盆地中的许多重、贵金属砂矿矿床也多半形成在此期;新近纪本区地壳-岩石圈进一步减薄,大陆裂谷扩展为东亚—西太平洋裂谷带,形成NNE向伸展型盆-山结构,日本海打开,西太平洋岛弧形成,早更新世末初步形成地形阶梯,晚更新世以后才形成了控制着地热与水系分布的现今地貌格架。     

阿尔金南缘帕夏拉依档沟斜长角闪岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

阿尔金造山带南缘帕夏拉依档沟零星发育一些斜长角闪岩,主要呈透镜状或豆荚状产于阿尔金岩群大理岩中。文章对这些斜长角闪岩开展了岩相学、年代学以及地球化学方面的研究,获得斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(857.4±7.1)Ma和(432.5±5)Ma,前者代表其形成年龄,后者代表其变质年龄。地球化学特征显示斜长角闪岩轻稀土微弱富集,轻重稀土分异不显著,并有部分消减带玄武岩地球化学特征,源区为古俯冲带再循环的富集地幔源区,并受到流体或熔体的改造。结合判别图解和区域构造演化,分析得出斜长角闪岩原岩形成于初始裂谷环境,是大陆拉张向裂谷转换机制下形成的过渡岩石类型,较新年龄(432.5±5)Ma为早志留世陆壳伸展和软流圈底辟作用引起的变质年龄。本次研究为新元古代中晚期阿尔金南缘基性岩浆活动提供了新的年代学和地球化学方面的证据,这期基性岩浆活动可能为Rodinia超大陆初始裂解事件在阿尔金南缘的响应。     

Geochronology of the Duguer range metamorphic rocks,Central Tibet: implications for the changing tectonic setting of the South Qiangtang subterrane

The Duguer area represents one of the few occurrences of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the ‘Central Uplift’ zone of the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The metamorphic rocks consist mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, and schist. To better understand the formation of these rocks, seven samples of gneiss and schist from the Duguer area were selected for in situ zircon U–Pb analysis and Ar–Ar dating of metamorphic minerals. The results suggest two distinct metamorphic stages, during the Late Triassic (229–227 Ma) and Late Jurassic (150–149 Ma). These stages correspond to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, respectively. We suggest that the Late Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Duguer area in the central South Qiangtang subterrane provide evidence of continental collision between the North and South Qiangtang subterranes, following the subduction of oceanic crust. It is likely that deep subduction of oceanic crust occurred along the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ), which would have hindered exhumation owing to the high density of oceanic crust. Subsequent break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic slab at ~220 Ma may have resulted in exhumation of high-pressure and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the South Qiangtang subterrane. The Late Jurassic ages of metamorphism and deformation obtained in this study indicate the occurrence of an Andean-type orogenic event within the South Qiangtang subterrane. This hypothesis is further supported by an apparent age gap in magmatic activity (150–130 Ma) along the magmatic arc, and the absence of Late Jurassic sediments.     

Geothermometry of exsolved augites from the Laramie Anorthosite Complex,Wyoming

Exsolved augite pyroxenes from the ferromonzonite border facies of the ferrosyenite in the Laramie Anorthosite Complex have been studied with the transmission electron microscope and the electron microprobe to determine their exsolution histories. The Lindsley and Andersen (1983) geothermometer gives initial crystallization temperatures of 1000° C for the bulk augite crystal (Wo₃₂ En₂₂ Fs₄₆). Exsolved lamellae are predominantly pigeonites with very low calcium contents (Wo_1–3 En_23–24 Fs_71–74) and have formation temperatures estimated to be in the range of 600 to 975° C. The uniform compositions of lamellae and hosts, despite the range in lamellar size and orientation, suggest that either 1) the ferromonzonite experienced an extended plateau in cooling or a reheating event at 600 to 650° C or 2) the pyroxenes recorded a blocking temperature. Two-feldspar geothermometry on exsolved feldspars also records 600° C and suggests that these low temperatures are not blocking temperatures.     

左权变质杂岩区早前寒武纪变质演化及其构造指示

左权变质杂岩构造上位于华北中部带中南段,向东紧邻赞皇变质杂岩。研究区广泛发育长英质黑云斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,无典型变泥质岩石出露,斜长角闪岩多以似层状或透镜状方式产于似层状的片麻岩中,二者在局部地区侵入接触关系明显。该地区可识别出三期变形作用和三期变质作用,区域片麻理所代表的第二期变形作用(D2)与峰期变质作用(M2)事件相对应。杂岩区含榴黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩中较好地保留了多个阶段的变质作用信息,本文重点研究其变质演化过程。含榴黑云斜长片麻岩中仅保留峰期阶段矿物组合,变质条件为730℃/8.5kbar。含榴斜长角闪岩记录了3个阶段的变质矿物组合,第一阶段矿物组合(M1)为进变质矿物组合,以石榴石变斑晶内部的早期包裹体及其临近的石榴石核部为代表,即Grt1+Pl1+Amp1+Qtz±Bt1±Chl1±Ilm±Ap,该阶段的温度和压力范围分别为:608~643℃/5.2~5.5kbar;第二阶段矿物组合(M2)为变质峰期矿物组合,主要由石榴石XMn最低的"边部"和基质矿物(Grt2+Amp2+Pl2+Qtz±Cpx2±Bt2±Ep2±Ilm±Ap)组成。最高变质温度大于670℃,最高变质压力大于9.4kbar。第三阶段矿物组合(M3)为退变质减压矿物组合,其典型代表是石榴石边部发育的Pl3+Hbl3+Cum3+Qtz±Bt3后成合晶矿物组合,呈细粒交生状结构特征,该阶段温压估算范围为:611~627℃/5.1~5.9kbar。左权变质杂岩区岩石变质程度虽明显低于赞皇变质杂岩区(Tmax812℃,Pmax12.5kbar),但两杂岩区岩石拥有类似的变质演化特征,均记录了包含近等温降压型(ITD)退变质片段的顺时针P-T轨迹,指示碰撞造山环境。结合中部带其它杂岩区的变质演化特征,推测左权变质杂岩卷入了晚太古代-早元古代末期华北克拉通东、西部陆块之间的碰撞造山过程。