Elementary analysis of data from Tianchi Volcano

Tianchi Volcano is the largest potential erupticve volcano in China. Analyzing these data on seismic monitoring, deformation observation and water chemistry investigation gained from the Tianchi Volcano Observatory (TVO), the authors consider that the Tianchi Volcano is in going into a new flourishing time.     

Progresses in geology and hazards analysis of Tianchi Volcano

A number of different lahars have been recognized from a systematic survey of a mapping project. The high setting temporamre feature of the deposits indicates a relationship between the lahar and the Millennium eruption event of Tianchi Volcano. The lahars caused a dramatic disaster. Recognize of the huge avalanche scars and deposits around Tianchi Volcano imply another highly destructive hazard. Three types of different texture of the avalanche deposits have been recognized. There was often magma mixing processes during the Millennium eruption of Tianchi Volcano, indicating a mixing and co-eruption regime of the eruption.     

Progresses in geology and hazards analysis of Tianchi Volcano

A number of different lahars have been recognized from a systematic survey of a mapping project. The high setting temperature feature of the deposits indicates a relationship between the lahar and the Millennium eruption event of Tianchi Volcano. The lahars caused a dramatic disaster. Recognize of the huge avalanche scars and deposits around Tianchi Volcano imply another highly destructive hazard. Three types of different texture of the avalanche deposits have been recognized. There was often magma mixing processes during the Millennium eruption of Tianchi Volcano, indicating a mixing and co-eruption regime of the eruption.     

Analysis of Tianchi volcano activity in Changbai Mountain,NE China

Changbaishan volcano is the largest potential eruptive volcano in China.In this paper,seismic activity,horizontal displacement,vertical displacement and the fluid geochemistry data acquiring from Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Observatory(TVO) in recent years are analyzed.The authors discussed the ability for the Changbaishan volcanic seismic monitoring and active level of Changbaishan volcano in recent years based on the fundamental monitoring results.The results show that Changbaishan volcano has experience...     

Analysis of Tianchi volcano activity in Changbai Mountain，NE China

Changbaishan volcano is the largest potential eruptive volcano in China.In this paper,seismic activity,horizontal displacement,vertical displacement and the fluid geochemistry data acquiring from Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Observatory(TVO) in recent years are analyzed.The authors discussed the ability for the Changbaishan volcanic seismic monitoring and active level of Changbaishan volcano in recent years based on the fundamental monitoring results.The results show that Changbaishan volcano has experienced an unrest episode from 2002 to 2005,but its active level recovers to the background now.     

Transporting and Deposition Dynamics in the Plinian Column of Tianchi Volcano, Changbaishan

The huge comendite ignimbrite- forming eruption of Tianchi Volcano maintained a stable plinian column during its earlier stage of eruption, and succeeded a collapsing of the column producing pumiceous ignimbrite deposits. It is estimated that the column height (Hb) varied from 20km to 10km in its eruption period, with a maximum height of 25km in the eruption peak. Its umbrella cloud spread into the stratosphere with a top height of 35km (Ht). The dense lithics whose diameter exceeded 8cm followed a ballistics trajectory in a 3km - high gas thrust region, while the smaller lithics and pumices entered the convection region in the column. The initial magma temperature was 780℃. The comendite magma had an exit velocity of 300m/s, volatile content of about 1wt% and lithics of 8.5wt%. From a 400m - wide vent the magma was expelled out with a mass eruption rate of 108.36kg/s, corresponding to a volume rate of 104.95m3/s. Over 1. 3436 × 1019J of energy had been released from Tianchi Volcano, of which the kinetic proportion was about 8 %. The plume had a temperature of -50℃ at the base focus of the cloud and a upward speed of 215m/s. The cloud spread out at a gradually downspeed with the increasement of distance from its center. For example, at a distance of 25km from its center the spreading velocity is about 250m/s, and is about 60m/s at distance of 100km. The main part of the plinian column, that is the convection region, once occurred in the height between 3 to 25km, and its maximum width was about 13km in radius.     

Activity of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Since Late Pleistocene--The Constrain From Geochronology of High Precision U- Series Tims Method

11 samples of lava and pumice from the cone of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano, Jiling, China, were dated by using high precision U - series TIMS method. We conclude that the bottom of the cone formed before 350 ka, the middle part in 70～80 ka, the upper during 20～ 1ka, and the top less than 1ka, and the age based periods of the volcano eruption since Late Pleistocene is given as follows: ＞ 350ka, 70ka, 18 ～ 25ka, 10ka, 4C5ka, 1～0.75ka, which may offer the basis for the study of volcanic disaster in future. In addition, the principle of dating young volcanic rocks by using U - series TIMS method is introduced briefly. Differentiation characteristics of U and Th in different minerals of the volcanic rocks are discussed, and the ability producing isochrons, based on U and Th differentiation, are discussed. In the last part of the paper,the closure of samples to the elements U and Th, which is important for age results, is discussed by using (234U/238U)radioactivity ratio which can be used to monitor if the samples have been weathered or eroded or leached since the time they formed. In this study, all samples have (234U/238U) activity ratios within 1% of secular equilibrium ((234U/238U) radioactivity ratios are unity), indicating no disturbance of the 234U- 238U system. All of these discussions show that the TIMS method is good to date Tianchi volcanics and the results are reliable.     

长白山火山区几何形变的联合反演

应用长白山火山区的水准和GPS资料，采用Mogi源模型对火山区的压力源参数进行联合反演，并考虑天池火山南侧断层的影响，利用Okada的断层位错模型对长白山火山区近年来的主要活动区天池火山的地下岩浆的可能变化进行推测，得出以下结论：长白山天池火山浅层目前为单一的压力源，位置仍在天池老火山口一带；近几年岩浆上涌活动比较明显；天池南侧的北西向隐伏断裂有一定的活动性。     

A Potential Flood Hazard Caused by Tianchi Volcano Eruption in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively,...     

西祁连清水沟地区火山岩岩石学特征及旋回研究

西祁连当金山清水沟一带的寒武纪火山岩发育在寒武纪拉配泉岩群火山岩组。对该火山岩分布特征和岩石学特征进行了研究,划分了3类火山岩岩相:爆发相、沉积相、喷溢相,并对火山岩喷发旋回进行了研究,揭示了当金山地区地层演化特征,对火山岩区域对比及火山机构恢复具有一定的指导意义。     

Geochemical survey of thermal system in Northeast China and their geothermometric characters

The chemical composition of several thermal springs around Changbaishan area has been investigated.Cenozoic basaltic rocks are widely distributed in Northeast China and geothermal characteristics have been described.About one hundred hot springs exist around Changbaishan Volcano at the border between China and D.P.R.Korea with high temperature about 82℃. The pH values of the spring water range from 6.9 to 7.1 and the total flow rate is about 4.8 L /sec. The chemical composition of the thermal springs is sodium carbonate; the high-mineral contents of thermal water are believed to have medicinal properties. Bathhouses are already built along the hot springs to take the advantage of the supposed healing properties. The high quality of those hot springs is believed to be utilitized for mineral water. The chemical equilibrium temperatures were estimated at about 160℃ based on the Na-K-Ca geochemical thermometer.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑-宜君地区中生界储层特征

对鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑 -宜君地区中生界主要储集层——直罗组、延安组、延长组储层特征从沉积相、砂体纵向展布、岩性和物性等几方面进行了简要论述。通过研究指出本区储层具有低孔、低渗的特点。在纵向上以直罗组储层相对最好 ,延安组次之 ,之后才是三叠系延长组。储集层普遍具有岩性细、成岩后生变化强烈的特点。由于储层低孔、低渗 ,因此 ,油层的压裂改造措施必不可少     

云南空中水资源的季节变化研究

用1961—2008年NOAA的月平均再分析资料和1980—2006年云南5个探空站的资料,采用大气可降水量和水汽通量公式计算分析大气可降水量和水汽通量,并用线性趋势分析其变化特征。结果表明：云南四季的可降水量北少南多,呈“u”型分布,夏季最大,冬季最小。对云南地区四季的水汽通量分析表明,四季的水汽净收入主要集中在对流层低层;地面-300hPa的水汽净收入在夏季最大、秋季次之,而冬季最小。云南经向的水汽输送和纬向的水汽输送呈反相关,近48年,云南四季水汽呈增加趋势,其中夏季增加最多,春季次之。     

���ںӱ�CORS���ĵؿǴ�ֱ�˶��ٶȳ�ģ���о�

???ú??CORS?????????4???GPS????????????GAMIT/GLOBK??????е??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3???????????????150 mm??11?′??????????4??????????????????10 mm/a????????溯?????????????????????????????????6′×6′?????????????????????????????????     

四川省CORS网地壳运动速度场模型研究

使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据,并提取坐标时间序列,获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析,结果表明,四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a,速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E;欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a,优势方向为S77.78°E,较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a;垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a,整体上表现为隆升状态,位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势,可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致;最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a,最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a,其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西,低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。     

震前地壳的动力学过程与超熵变化

本文根据一个非线性动力学模型,应用耗散结构理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,讨论了震前地壳在与外界同时存在物质和能量交换时的动力学行为和超熵判据,并分析了拉仲试验过程中的超熵变化。对100km~3体积的弹性体,用地壳的实际参数进行了形变与震级的对应关系计算。最后,分析和讨论了青海省门源6.4级地震前地壳的超熵变化过程。     

济阳坳陷上地壳速度结构与地热相关性研究

济阳坳陷及周边地区位于华北板块东部,是板内伸展沉积构造。目前研究区水热型地热资源开发利用程度较高,但上地壳热源传导机制研究较少,济阳坳陷及周边地区的高分辨率三维地壳速度结构有助于探讨该区热源富集规律。利用双差层析成像方法,获得了研究区三维地壳的速度结构,通过与地温场特征比对分析,认为上地壳速度结构与深部热源传导规律密切相关。根据反演结果,发现聊考-齐广断裂西北0～5km深度存在大规模低速层,这与区域厚度较大的沉积地层有关;聊城东部、埕宁隆起等区域表现为明显的高速异常,隆起区地温增温率明显高于凹陷区,这与储层下部地层导热能力有关;东营地区10km以下速度普遍较高,下地壳热流值贡献稳定;燕山晚期以来鲁中南部隆起对研究区地壳的拖拽拉伸是济阳坳陷内地热田最直接的构造影响因素,形成的多组地堑构造是水热型沉积盆地地热田边界的重要控制因素。     

商河县耕层土壤有机碳密度及储量研究

采用商河县2010年耕地地力评价有机质采样点的数据,运用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,研究了商河县土壤有机质的密度及储量,并按照土类统计分析了不同土壤类型间的有机碳密度及储量差异。研究表明,商河县土壤有机碳密度范围为1.69~5.17kg/m2,平均3.44kg/m2;有机碳储量为0.26×1010kg。按乡镇统计,有机碳密度最大值为玉皇庙镇3.65kg/m2,最小值为郑陆镇3.15kg/m2,有机碳储量最大值玉皇庙镇3.47×108 kg,最小值张坊乡0.92×108 kg;按土壤类型统计,有机碳密度最大的为湿潮土3.46kg/m2,最小为风沙土3.29kg/m2,有机碳储量最大为潮土10.38×108 kg,最小为褐土化潮土1.34×108 kg。     

山东五图煤田古近纪李家崖组油页岩品质特征分析

为了查明昌乐县五图煤田古近纪李家崖组油页岩的分布及其品质特征,从沉积学、油气地质学等方面开展研究。五图煤田古近纪李家崖组可划分为4部分:上部含煤段(A),中部含煤段(B)、油页岩段(C)和下部含煤段(D)。该组油页岩主要发育在淡水湖相沼泽环境,油页岩发育层数较多,可达80余层,但单层厚度不大。基于对大量钻孔的油页岩厚度统计及相关的化验测试,研究发现:李家崖组油页岩总厚度在研究区中部靠近南侧F3断裂处厚度最大,向四周减薄;灰分平均含量60%左右,靠近北侧F1断裂处灰分较高;焦油产率平均约8.36%,靠近南部F3断裂附近产率较高;硫分平均含量2.14%,水分平均含量4.2%,硫分和水分含量整体表现为东南部高西北部低。综合研究可以发现,研究区中南部靠近F3的地区,油页岩厚度大、品质好,是五图煤田油页岩资源潜力区。     

昌乐五图煤田油页岩地质特征及质量分析

五图煤矿油页岩广泛分布于李家崖组的B段、C段和D段,以C段为主体,探明储量2.72亿t,是褐煤的伴生矿种。C段油页岩层密集,厚度大;D段上部含油页岩,但厚度小。油页岩焦油产率最高16.25%,最低5.43%,平均8.36%。基准发热量最高8.72MJ/kg,最低6.16MJ/kg,平均6.91MJ/kg。油页岩作为固态燃料,是汽油的替代能源,五图煤田油页岩资源的开发和利用前景广阔。