2003-2004年浙江沿岸海域浮游植物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

2003年夏季和2004年夏、秋季,分别在浙江沿岸海域10m等深线(以下称内侧海域)和50 m等深线(禁渔线附近,以下称外侧海域)处共设置37个站位,对采集于大、小潮汛期间的浮游植物样品进行了种类组成、优势种、细胞丰度分布和群落结构特征的调查研究,并分析了其分布特征与环境因子的关系.结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游植物3...     

The 1980/1981 phytoplankton cycle in the coastal waters off Connemara,Ireland

The results of a phytoplankton survey conducted in coastal waters off western Ireland in 1980/1981 are reported. Surface values of temperature, salinity, NO₃N, PO₄P, Si, total N, total P and chlorophyll a (Chla) collected at 6 stations during 14 cruises are presented along with the species composition of the net phytoplankton.The spring bloom occurred in late April and was dominated by diatoms. Between April and July further diatom blooms occurred. In July and August dinoflagellates were dominant. This change was associated with the stratification of offshore water and low concentrations of Chla and nutrients. In Autumn large blooms of Ceratium tripos were found; it is suggested that the cause was heavy freshwater runoff. In autumn and winter some warm water oceanic species (e.g. Oxytoxum scolopax) occurred.     

闽东沿岸2004～2006年浮游植物生态特征研究

根据闽东海洋环境监测中心2004年-2006年阂东沿岸生态调查的资料,分析和研究了闽东沿岸浮游植物的生态特征．共鉴定出浮游植物的种类3个门39属共134种,其中硅藻门的种类占总种数的80％,为该调查海域主要门类．主要优势种是中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）、尖刺拟菱形藻（Pseudo—nitzschia pungens）和丹麦细柱藻（Leptocylindrus danicus）等．浮游植物的丰度分布,呈现由调查海域东北侧向西南侧、由近岸向远岸减少的空间特征,夏季高、春季低的季节变化特点,并且有逐年减少的年际变化趋势．本调查海域浮游植物多样性指数较高,群落较稳定．     

2009年4月浙江近岸海域浮游植物的分布特征及与环境因子的关系

利用2009年4月在浙江近岸海域采集的47个浮游植物水样,对该海域浮游植物的类群组成及其空间分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其空间分布特征与环境因子的关系,结果表明:(1)共鉴定出浮游植物81种,隶属于4门32属,其中硅藻26属69种,甲藻4属10种,硅藻在种类数上占优势,中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和具槽直链藻Melosira sulcata为优势种。(2)各水层浮游植物总细胞密度为(2~236.8)×102个/dm3,平均值为41.9×102个/dm3。平面分布上,表层和5 m层的浮游植物总细胞密度分布趋势较一致,即调查区域最南端出现高值区(>200×102个/dm3),沿岸向北则细胞密度值呈递减趋势。硅藻细胞密度为(1.2~236.4)×102个/dm3,平均值为40.88×102个/dm3,与浮游植物总细胞密度分布趋势基本一致。甲藻细胞密度为(0~13.6)×102个/dm3,平均值为0.94×102个/dm3。垂直分布上,浮游植物总细胞密度大小依次为30 m层(82.5×102个/dm3)>表层(35.3×102个/dm3)>10 m层(31.9×102个/dm3)>5 m层(31.8×102个/dm3)。断面分布上,浮游植物总细胞密度由大到小依次为D断面(83.1×102个/dm3)>C断面(36.5×102个/dm3)>B断面(30.9×102个/dm3)>A断面(16.3×102个/dm3)。(3)总体上,浮游植物生态分布与水温、营养盐均呈正相关关系。     

福建沿岸不同海区夏季浮游植物的组成与分布

结合福建省“908专项”,于2006年7～8月对福建省沿岸海域水采浮游植物的种属组成、数量分布、生物量进行了大面积科学调查．结果表明,福建沿岸海域浮游植物隶属于6门57属127种,其中硅藻47属107种,甲藻5属15种,蓝藻1属1种,金藻2属2种,隐藻1属1种,裸藻1属1种．硅藻类在种类和数量上均占主导地位,优势种主要是柔弱伪菱形藻（Pseudo—nitzschia delicatissima）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）等．硅藻类广布,甲藻类在闽东海域及东山沿岸分布较多,蓝藻类检出率降低,裸藻类和金藻类检出率增高．表层浮游植物平均细胞密度为3222．59×10^4ind／dm^3,数量分布态势为近岸高、外海低,阂东和闽南高、闽中低．叶绿素a及优势类群的分布与数量分布基本一致．福建沿岸海域赤潮生物种类较多,是引发赤潮的潜在生物因素,一些赤潮生物已在闽南、闽东沿岸局部海域成为优势种．     

Ecological thresholds of phytoplankton community across environmental gradients in the harmful algal blooms-frequently-occurring,subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea

Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species.     

厦门海域鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究

根据厦门海域鱼类种类组成历史资料和调查资料,系统整理了厦门海域的鱼类总名录和现有名录,并应用分类学等级多样性指数和分类差异变异指数分析了厦门海域鱼类群落分类学多样性的时空变化。结果表明:厦门海域有记录鱼类共649种;现有鱼类有331种,隶属2纲22目90科181属,其中软骨鱼纲共5目9科9属15种,辐鳍鱼纲共17目81科172属316种。厦门海域鱼类总名录的等级多样性指数Δ+和分类差异变异指数Λ+分别为79.267和220.96;现有鱼类群落分类多样性指数Δ+和分类差异指数Λ+分别为77.504和245.34。分类多样性指数Δ+在冬、春季较高,秋季次之,而夏季最低;而分类差异指数Λ+夏季较高,秋季次之,冬春季较低。秋季和冬季鱼类组成的相似度最高,其次为夏季,最后为春季。与历史总名录相比,厦门海域的现有鱼类群落分类学范围较小,生态幅变窄,群落稳定性较差。     

浙江省近岸海域底栖生物生态研究

对2003年4~5月在浙江省近岸海域底栖生物调查中获得的126种底栖生物的种类组成、生物量及栖息密度的分布和群落结构进行了叙述和讨论。结果表明:底栖生物种类组成以甲壳动物及软体动物占优势,两者占生物总种数的51.6%;浙江近岸海域底栖生物总平均生物量为18.74 g/m2;总平均栖息密度为89.1个/m2。按生态特征划分,调查海域的底栖生物可分成7个群落。分析调查海域各测站群落结构指数可以看出,浙江近岸海域70%测站呈现出生物多样性指数低及种类分布不均匀等特点。     

粤西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征

作者基于2011年9月(丰水期)和2012年1月(枯水期)粤西近岸30米以浅海域的调查资料,分析该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及其群落结构多样性。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定浮游植物4门41属116种,硅藻为最主要优势类群。丰水期与枯水期共有种类40种,物种相似性指数为34.48%,表明2个调查季节种类组成变化较大,存在明显的季节性差异。枯水期优势种仅1种,为金藻门(Chrysophyta)的球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa),优势度高达0.496;丰水期优势种有4种,其中以硅藻门的旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)优势度较高(0.249)。浮游植物丰度表现出时间和空间异质性,丰度总体呈现近岸站位高于离岸站位,此外,丰水期浮游植物丰度湛江沿岸站位高于其他调查站位,枯水期浮游植物丰度则由西南部向东北部递减,总体而言,枯水期浮游植物丰度比丰水期高。群落结构多样性为枯水期西南部海域明显低于东北部海域,丰水期站位间多样性无明显变化规律,相比之下,丰水期群落物种多样性水平相对较高。相关分析表明:浮游植物丰度与p H、悬浮物呈正相关,与丰水期水温和枯水期盐度呈负相关。     

The effects of tropical storm Dennis on coastal phytoplankton

The effects of tropical storm Dennis were documented in the coastal waters of South Carolina during August 1981. Phytoplankton photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves showed initial depression of the parameter a followed by three- to five-fold increase of both a and the asymptotic maximum rate of photosynthesis P_m^B. Productivity rates were depressed in most samples immediately after the storm. Surface samples at the inshore stations were around 50 mg C m^?3 h^?1 at saturating light intensities, while the offshore station rates were around 10 mg C m^?3 h^?1. After a 10-day lag these rates had increased to about 200 mg C m^?3 h^?1 inshore and 75 mg C m^?3 h^?1 offshore. These changes are thought to be primarily caused by changes in species composition. Some of the dominant diatom species changed and dinoflagellate species were introduced. No significant changes in nutrient concentrations were observed. Transient depressions of water temperature, salinity and light intensity may have contributed to the observed changes.     

秦皇岛海域浮游植物的群落结构特征

2014年4~9月对秦皇岛海域进行了调查,共鉴定出浮游植物3门33属70种,以硅藻门为主,7、8月份浮游植物种类数最多,约40种。在整个调查期间,浮游植物丰度在不同站位和月份之间差异较大,平均值为2.42×108个/m3,浮游植物优势种有北方娄氏藻、尖刺拟菱形藻、丹麦细柱藻、微小原甲藻等,优势种种类数9月最多,6月最少。浮游植物多样性指数为1.27~3.6,均匀度为0.31~0.73,6月份群落结构较单一,其他月份群落结构较稳定。     

青岛近海大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

根据2007年1月、4月和10月对青岛近海15个站位3个航次的调查资料,初步分析了青岛近海大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状,以种类组成、生物量和栖息密度为基础,应用香农-威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对青岛近海大型底栖生物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。结果表明:本次调查共采到底栖动物226种,其中多毛类119种,甲壳动物58种,软体动物23种,棘皮动物12种。各站种类数在2~52种之间,种类最少的出现在海域东北部的S2站,最多的出现在西南部的S15站。各站物种多样性指数差别较大,最大的为10月的S12站,最小的为1月S2站。物种丰富度的季节变化较显著,物种多样性和物种均匀度季节变化不显著。     

南海北部上层鱼类浮游生物多样性和丰度的季节变化

The objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal variations of ichthyoplankton diversity and abun-dance in the northern South China Sea based on the data collected during summer, winter and spring. In total, 95 taxa of larval fishes were identified. The greatest number of species was recorded in spring, followed by summer and winter. The number of species was distributed mainly in the coastal waters from the east of Leizhou Peninsula to the southeast of Hainan Island during the surveyed periods of summer and spring, but in the offshore waters during winter. The abundance of larval fish was lowest in winter, increased in spring, and reached the maximum in summer. High abundance of larval fish was generally restricted to coastal waters with the isobaths less than 50 m. Seasonal variations of larval fish richness, abundance and diversity index were significant （P〈0.001）. Carangidae was the most common and abundant taxon in summer and winter, whileSardinella sp.,Thrissa mystax andLeiognathus sp. were dominant in spring. High diversity and abundance of larval fish might be attributed to increased temperature and coastal upwelling in spring and summer.     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×10⁴ ,8.89×10² CFU/cm³;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×10²,2.66×10² CFU/cm³;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×10⁴ CFU/cm³)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V. splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V. natriegens类似种;V. alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×104,8.89×102CFU/cm3;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×102,2.66×102CFU/cm3;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×104CFU/cm3)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V.splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V.natriegens类似种;V.alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

舟山群岛海域网采浮游植物分布与多样性

于2014年夏、秋两季在舟山海域进行了浮游植物拖网采集和环境理化因子测定,共鉴定浮游植物6门92属184种,其中硅藻门127种,甲藻门30种,为调查海域主要浮游植物类群。夏季骨条藻Skeletonema spp.为绝对优势种,秋季优势种由琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus、虹彩圆筛藻Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis、蛇目圆筛藻Coscinodiscus argus、星脐圆筛藻Coscinodiscus asteromphalus、骨条藻Skeletonema spp.、尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens、并基角毛藻Chaetoceros decipiens、伏氏海毛藻Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii及中间肋缝藻Frustulia interposita等9种硅藻构成。调查海域夏季浮游植物平均丰度(1 713.58×10⁴个/m³)高于秋季(1 430.30×10⁴个/m³)。冗余分析表明,温度、盐度、悬浮物、溶解无机磷及溶解无机氮等环境因子对夏、秋两季浮游植物群落影响较大。结合历史数据分析可知,舟山海域近30 a来富营养化程度严重且日益加剧,富营养化指数明显升高;同时浮游植物群落变化也十分显著,主要体现为细胞丰度增加和优势种更替。     

Use of inhibitors for coastal bacteria and phytoplankton: Application to nitrogen uptake measurement

For several decades, prokaryotic and eukaryotic inhibitors have been used to exclude bacteria from microalgal cultures and for investigating prey-predator relationships. Recently there has been considerable interest in using specific inhibitors for studying the interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton, by selective repression of either organism’s activity. The effectiveness of chemical inhibitors must be tested before applying them to natural communities to partition metabolic activities between functional groups. Six different antibiotics selected from the most commonly reported in the literature were tested, at concentrations varying from 12.5 to 100 mg L⁻¹, for their effect on bacterial growth and functional diversity of natural communities from Mediterranean coastal waters. Penicillin and streptomycin each at a final concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bacterial growth within 2 h. There was a greater impact on bacterial functional diversity when both antibiotics were mixed together. This mixture did not have any significant effect on the growth of selected cultured phytoplankton strains, whereas the eukaryote inhibitor cycloheximide at 100 mg L⁻¹ reduced growth within 2 h of incubation. The penicillin–streptomycin mixture and cycloheximide alone successfully partitioned NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ uptake between bacteria and phytoplankton bi-weekly sampled in a coastal lagoon in Autumn, where bacterial contribution to total NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ uptake averaged 46 and 41%, respectively. The use of specific inhibitors may be a valuable method for studying interactions, such as competition and mutualism, or lack of interaction between the different components of microbial communities and could be used to study their relative importance in biogeochemical fluxes.     

厦门东侧海域浮游植物的种类组成与分布

共鉴定厦门东侧海域浮游植物４３属１１１种,其主体是广温性种类（５６种）,占浮游植物总种数的５０％。主要优势种的季节性演替明显。四季浮游植物的平均细胞总量达３６５００千个／ｍ＾３,最重要的优势种是施链角毛藻（Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｃ ｃｕｒｖｉｓｅｔｕｓ）（占总量的５３．３％）和中肋骨条藻（Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ ｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ）（占２０．０）。浮游植物的繁盛时期在春、夏两季,但高峰期出现在春季,不同于相邻的厦门外港和厦门西港。     

Particulate organic matter in the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa and its relationship with phytoplankton production

In the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa, particulate organic carbon (POC) varied from 0.52 to 2.51 mg l^?1 and from 0.28 to 5.24 mg l^?1 and particulate phosphorus (PP) varied from 0.71 to 5.18 μg l^?1 and from 0.78 to 20.34 μg l^?1, respectively. The mean values of chlorophyll and primary productivity were 1.94 mg m^?3 and 938.1 mg C m^?2 day^?1 in the coastal waters and 4.3 mg m^?3 and 636.5 mg C m^?1 day^?1 in the estuarine waters, respectively.$\text{POC}\text{chl}$ ratios were low in June and October even when POC values were quite high. The POC in surface waters was linearly correlated with the chlorophyll content. Also PP increased when chlorophyll and primary productivity remained high. The results suggest that the phytoplankton was sharply increasing and contributed to POC and PP content. The percentage of detritus calculated from the intercept values of chlorophyll on POC varied from 46 to 76% depending on season. Results indicate that the major portion of POC and PP during postmonsoon (October–January) is derived from phytoplankton production while the allochthonous matter predominate during monsoon (June–September).     

Nutrients,light and phytoplankton production in the shallow,tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay,Southern Thailand

Phytoplankton primary production and its regulation by light and nutrient availability were investigated in the shallow, tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay, Southern Thailand. The bay was meso‐eutrophicated and highly turbid, receiving river water discharge. Water column stratification was consistently weak during both rainy and dry seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was higher off the river mouth than in the other regions, suggesting that river water discharge was a main source of DIN. By contrast, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed a significant negative correlation with total water depth, implying that regeneration around the sea floor was an important source of DIP. Surface DIN and DIP showed positive correlations with surface primary production (PP) and water column primary productivity (ΣPP*), respectively. The combined correlation and model analyses indicate that total water depth had an ambivalent influence on water column primary production (ΣPP); shallower water depth induced more active regeneration of nutrients, but it also caused higher turbidity and lower light availability as a result of enhanced resuspension of sediments. Furthermore, there was a vertical constraint for phytoplankton during the rainy season: total water depth tended to be shallower than euphotic zone depth. In conclusion, light limitation and vertical constraint owing to shallow water depth appear to be more important than nutrient limitation for water column primary production in Bandon Bay.