The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb Deposit,Lorestan Province,Iran: a Metamorphosed SEDEX Deposit简

The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is one of several sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits found in the central part of the Sanadaj-Sirjan Zone, known as the Isfahan-Malayer belt, western Iran. Mineralization occurs in Upper Triassic to Jurassic phyllites and meta-sandstones. Sphalerite and galena are the most abundant metallic ores, with minor chalcopyrite. Calcite and quartz are the main gangue minerals. Fissure filling, replacement textures and especially mineralized faults, suggest an epigenetic stage in the Gol-e-Zard deposit formation. Geochemical studies of mineralized rocks show high concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu,（Zn and Pb 〉 10000 ppm and Cu average 3000 ppm）. LREE enrichment（LREE〉HREE, La/Lu average 1.44） and positive Eu anomalies（Eu/Eu＊〉1 average 1.67） indicate reducing conditions during the deposition of deposit. However, some samples do not display negative Ce anomalies, which indicate that localized oxidizing conditions are also present. This study indicates that the Gol-e-Zard deposit formed due to circulating hydrothermal fluids in a marine environment. A SEDEX-type genesis, which is defined by circulating hydrothermal fluids through sediments in a marine environment, and syngenetic precipitation of Zn and Pb sulphides, is suggested for the Gol-e-Zard deposit. Emplacement of some granitoid intrusions such as the Aligudarz granitoid intrusion remobilized mineralizing fluids and metamorphosed the Gol-e-Zard deposit.     

A case of successful soil geochemistry: the Rubiales Zn-Pb orebody (NW Spain)

The Rubiales Zn-Pb orebody (NW Spain) is a blind deposit developed in a vertical shear zone during the Variscan Orogenesis. It is about 1200 m long in a N-S direction, with an average thickness of 30 m, and is hosted by lower Cambrian limestones and slates, with some quartzite beds. The deposit has a large hydrothermal alteration aureole. The silicified halo contain sphalerite and galena disseminations, with grades between 0.2 and 3% Pb + Zn.The Rubiales orebody was discovered in the late 60s following a soil geochemical survey. In the regional phase of the survey, 28,622 samples were collected in 57 lines; two of the lines over the Rubiales zone yielded 1400 ppm Pb and 1550 ppm Zn. In a local phase, centred on the anomalous zone, 1716 samples were collected in 21 lines. This local survey defined the geochemical anomalies that were subsequent drill-hole targets. Based on 38 surface-holes, geological ore reserves of 18.6 million tons, with 8.6% Zn + Pb, were estimated.Residual soil geochemical anomalies of Zn and Pb were developed over the silicification zone. The Zn anomaly has a greater extent than the Pb anomaly, due to the greater Zn mobility in surficial environments. The Zn and Pb anomalies exhibit an asymmetrical morphology, with greater extent to the south, due to the down slope creep of residual anomalies. The main cross-faults present in the deposit also control the morphology of the anomalies, as a result of Zn and Pb mobilisation and transport by ground waters along the cross-faults. The Cu anomaly defines two maxima over the feeder zones to the orebody. The two feeder zones, also in the silicification zone, are extensively brecciated and contain the highest grades of the deposit (∗> 20% Zn + Pb) and disseminated chalcopyrite.     

陕西安康梅子铺金矿区化探异常剖析及找矿潜力分析

陕西省安康梅子铺金矿区位于秦岭褶皱系北大巴山加里东褶皱带牛山地背斜南缘,通过土壤正规网地球化学测量,重新圈定了化探异常,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、As、Sb、Bi异常明显,Au—AgPb,As—Sb—Bi相关性较好。通过对异常元素的空间分布特征分析,表明成矿流体或成矿热液自东南向西北方向运移。对重点化探异常进行了优选验证,认为土壤异常与云母石英片岩、北东向片理构造三者配套是确定金矿化富集部位的“三位一体”找矿标志,构造和岩浆活动为主要控矿因素。Au—As—Pb—Ag—Sb异常元素套合良好,浓集中心明显,为矿致异常。Mt-2、Mt-4、Mt-5土壤异常是本区进一步找矿的远景地段。异常组合特征指示本区东部剥蚀程度较高,西部较低,推测西部可能存在金的隐伏矿体,具有较大找矿潜力。     

Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements of Sulfide Minerals in the Tianqiao Pb-Zn Ore Deposit, Guizhou Province, China

Trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) of the sulfide minerals were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that V, Cu, Sn, Ga, Cd, In, and Se are concentrated in sphalerite, Sb, As, Ge, and Tl are concentrated in galena, and almost all trace elements in pyrite are low. The Ga and Cd contents in the light-yellow sphalerites are higher than that in the brown and the black sphalerites. The contents of Ge, Tl, In, and Se in brown sphalerites are higher than that in light-yellow sphalerites and black sphalerites. It shows that REE concentrations are higher in pyrite than in sphalerite, and galena. In sphalerites, the REE concentration decreases from light-yellow sphalerites, brown sphalerites, to black sphalerites. The ratios of Ga/In are more than 10, and Co/Ni are less than 1 in the studied sphalerites and pyrites, respectively, indicating that the genesis of the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis associated with hydrothermal genesis. The relationship between LnGa and LnIn in sphalerite, and between LnBi and LnSb in galena, indicates that the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis. Based on the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, δEu is a negative anomaly (0.13–0.88), and δCe does not show obvious anomaly (0.88–1.31); all the samples have low total REE concentrations (<3 ppm) and a wide range of light rare earth element/high rare earth element ratios (1.12–12.35). These results indicate that the ore-forming fluids occur under a reducing environment. Comparison REE compositions and parameters of sphalerites, galenas, pyrites, ores, altered dolostone rocks, strata carbonates, and the pyrite from Lower Carboniferous Datang Formation showed that the ore-forming fluids might come from polycomponent systems, that is, different chronostratigraphic units could make an important contribution to the ore-forming fluids. Combined with the tectonic setting and previous isotopic geochemistry evidence, we conclude that the ore-deposit genesis is hydrothermal, sedimentary reformed, with multisources characteristics of ore-forming fluids.     

新疆阿尔泰萨吾斯铅锌矿综合信息找矿模式

萨吾斯铅锌矿床位于西伯利亚板块南缘阿尔泰晚古生代活动陆缘的泥盆纪—石炭纪弧后盆地中。矿床赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹陆源碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩中,是与海相火山作用有关的铅锌矿床。矿区位于1∶5万水系沉积物测量圈定的Pb-Ag-As-Zn-Bi-Cu-Mo-Au-Sb-Co-Ni综合异常内,其中Ag、As、Pb、Zn异常套合较好,与矿体基本对应,特别是Zn异常中心与矿体位置完全对应。矿区激电异常具有低阻、高幅频率、多峰值的特征,与地表矿化蚀变带对应。磁异常与激电异常相对应,异常宽度小于激电异常。TEM测深工作在矿区圈定了3个TEM低阻异常,均处于Ⅱ号矿化蚀变带内。在综合分析矿床成矿地质条件、地球化学异常、地球物理异常特征的基础上,建立了该矿床地质-地球物理-地球化学找矿模式,对类似矿床的发现和评价能够起到借鉴作用。     

Genesis of the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit,northwest Yunnan Province,China: Constraints from rare earth elements and noble gas isotopes

The giant sediment-hosted Jinding zinc-lead deposit is located in the Lanping Basin, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The genesis of the deposit has long been debated and the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals are controversial. This study presents rare earth element (REE) and noble gas isotope data that constrain the origins of the ore fluids and the heat source driving the hydrothermal circulation. The early-stage sulfides are enriched in light REEs and have high ∑REE values (30.8–94.8 ppm) and weakly negative Eu (δEu 0.85–0.89) and Ce anomalies (δCe 0.84–0.95), suggesting that the fluids were likely derived from dissolution of Upper Triassic marine carbonates with input of REEs from aluminosilicate rocks in the basin. In contrast, the late-stage sulfides have irregular REE patterns, generally low ∑REE values (0.24–10.8 ppm) and positive Eu (δEu 1.22–10.9) and weakly negative Ce anomalies (δCe 0.53–0.90), which suggest that the ore-forming fluids interacted with evaporite minerals. The ³He/⁴He (0.01–0.04 R_a) and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar values (301–340) of the ore-forming fluids indicate crustal and atmospheric origins for these noble gases. These findings are in agreement with the published fluid inclusion microthermometry data and the results of H, O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotope studies. Our data, in combination with published results, support a two-stage hydrothermal mineralization model, involving early-stage basinal brines and late-stage meteoric water that acquired metals and heat from crustal sources.     

新疆霍什布拉克铅锌矿床微量元素地球化学

霍什布拉克铅锌矿床是新疆西南天山地区晚古生代碳酸盐岩容矿的重要矿床。本文采用高精度电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对主要矿石矿物(黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿)和热液脉石矿物方解石进行了微量元素地球化学研究。研究表明,黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、方解石具有较为相似的稀土元素特征,Eu正异常明显,弱负或弱正Ce异常指示成矿流体最初由相对氧化的条件演化为还原条件。与霍什布拉克岩体、容矿围岩的稀土元素组成进行对比后发现,硫化物及热液方解石稀土元素配分曲线部分与重结晶泥晶灰岩重合,结合前人同位素地球化学研究,认为容矿坦盖塔尔组碳酸盐岩为成矿提供了必要的成矿物质及成矿流体组分。Ga/In值显示闪锌矿为低温成矿;硫化物明显富集LREE,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值小于1,显示铅锌成矿过程中成矿流体主体以富Cl为特征;Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta值变化范围相对较小,表明成矿期流体性质相对较为稳定,基本未混入外来流体。     

胶东罗山金矿床成矿流体来源:蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土与微量元素特征约束

罗山金矿床是胶东玲珑金矿田最大的金矿床之一,同时发育蚀变岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。本研究在系统的野外和镜下工作基础上,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术分析了载金黄铁矿的微量和稀土元素,对比了蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土和微量元素特征,探讨了成矿流体的性质与来源。黄铁矿稀土总含量较低,多呈较明显的"右倾"式稀土配分模式,总体表现出负Eu异常,基本无Ce异常; Hf/Sm、Th/La、Nb/La值均<1,推断成矿流体为富Cl的还原性流体。Co/Ni比值范围在0. 08～3. 77,平均值为1. 09; Co/Ni值以及Co、Ni、Bi、Cu和Zn含量均与变质热液型金矿平均含量相近; Y/Ho比值范围总体在21～32之间,与中国东部大陆地壳Y/Ho比值(20～35)基本重合;结合个别样品的弱正Eu异常以及前人的研究成果,推断成矿流体与变质热液类似,主要来源于古太平洋板块俯冲板片脱水和脱碳作用,且可能有长英质岩浆流体和地壳流体的混入。蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石内的载金黄铁矿的稀土、微量元素组成没有明显区别,Y/Ho、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值变化范围均很小,表明两类矿石的载金黄铁矿为同一期热液活动作用的产物。     

黑龙江漠河县八里房金矿床地球化学特征及成因

八里房金矿床位于黑龙江省漠河县西北部,是一个新发现的金矿床。矿体赋存于闪长岩和中侏罗统额木尔河组长石砂岩中,矿石由含金、黄铁矿的长石砂岩和石英细脉组成。岩石地球化学研究表明：闪长岩稀土总量中到低,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Ba)和化学性质活泼不相容元素(如U、Th、Pb),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb、P、Sr、Ti),球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型,具有弱的Eu负异常(δEu平均值为0.8),无Ce异常(δCe=0.9～1.0),元素地球化学性质反映出八里房闪长岩具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征;长石砂岩稀土元素总量(∑REE)变化较大,具弱Eu负异常(δEu平均值为0.8),无Ce异常(δCe=0.9～1.0),为活动边缘砂岩系列。含金石英脉中流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO₂三相和纯CO₂流体包裹体3种类型。气液两相包裹体均一温度为107.9～247.4 ℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为3.05%～8.55%,密度为0.84～1.00 g·cm^-3;含CO₂三相包裹体完全均一温度为269.8～332.7 ℃,盐度为4.41%～10.29%,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的热液流体体系。基于矿床地质特征、岩石地球化学和成矿流体特征的研究,笔者认为八里房金矿床为造山型金矿床。     

江西德兴地区主要矿床类型、成矿地质征及其因关系

江西德兴地区是中国重要的金属矿产资源聚集地,主要矿床有德兴斑岩铜矿(包括朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞)、金山金矿、银山Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿和蛤蟆金矿等.这些矿床可以划分为与剪切带有关的金矿和与岩浆热液成矿作用有关的铜金钼铅锌银矿床(如德兴斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床和银山Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Au矿床).在控矿构造、成矿元素...     

赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿时代及成因初探：来自萤石Sm-Nd测年及黑云母电子探针的证据

隆坪萤石矿床是赣南已探明的大型单一萤石矿床，矿体产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。文章首次 采用Sm-Nd等时线法对隆坪萤石矿进行测年和稀土元素分析，并对永丰复式岩体中黑云母矿物成分进行了系统的测试；获 得了隆坪萤石矿的成矿年龄为158±3 Ma，与永丰复式岩体的成岩时代基本一致，表明该矿床萤石成矿作用与晚侏罗世岩浆 活动关系密切。隆坪萤石矿中萤石轻稀土元素略富集，重稀土相对平坦，具微弱Ce正异常（δCe=1.08~1.11，平均1.09） 和 微弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.91~0.98，平均0.95），指示了萤石矿床的成矿流体经历了相对较高的温度。黑云母电子探针分析结 果证实永丰复式岩体形成于相对高温、低压和高氧逸度的环境，岩浆起源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融，岩浆结晶分异晚阶 段岩浆期后热液富含F等挥发分。隆坪萤石矿床形成于晚侏罗世，成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填型。     

赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿时代及成因初探:来自萤石Sm-Nd测年及黑云母电子探针的证据

隆坪萤石矿床是赣南已探明的大型单一萤石矿床,矿体产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。文章首次 采用Sm-Nd等时线法对隆坪萤石矿进行测年和稀土元素分析,并对永丰复式岩体中黑云母矿物成分进行了系统的测试;获 得了隆坪萤石矿的成矿年龄为158±3 Ma,与永丰复式岩体的成岩时代基本一致,表明该矿床萤石成矿作用与晚侏罗世岩浆 活动关系密切。隆坪萤石矿中萤石轻稀土元素略富集,重稀土相对平坦,具微弱Ce正异常（δCe=1.08~1.11,平均1.09） 和 微弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.91~0.98,平均0.95）,指示了萤石矿床的成矿流体经历了相对较高的温度。黑云母电子探针分析结 果证实永丰复式岩体形成于相对高温、低压和高氧逸度的环境,岩浆起源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,岩浆结晶分异晚阶 段岩浆期后热液富含F等挥发分。隆坪萤石矿床形成于晚侏罗世,成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填型。     

Prediction of Hidden Ore Bodies using Integrated Geology, Source of Fluids and Stratagem EH4 Geophysical Survey in Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposit in Xinjiang, China

The Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit is located in the Sawur gold belt in Xinjiang, China. An integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical investigation was carried out in the Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit, to determine the extension of the principal mineralized system, in the search for new resources. Re‐examination of the rocks and structures in the Kuoerzhenkuola area showed that the study area features an elliptical caldera where the gold deposit lies. A re‐investigation of the mine geology found that the mineralization at the Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit is not controlled by the EW‐striking regional fault as previously assumed, but by a caldera fracture system locally superimposed by regional faults; the host rocks are andesites and dacites of the Carboniferous Heishantou Group rather than the crypto‐explosive breccia of the Devonian Sawurshan Group. Gas components of fluid inclusions from quartz, trace element chemistry of pyrite and fluid inclusions in pyrite, Pb isotopes of pyrite, and whole‐rock geochemistry and Pb isotopes of the country rocks are used to study the source of fluids at Kuoerzhenkuola gold deposit. The ore‐forming fluids are characterized by low–moderate temperatures and low salinities estimated from fluid inclusion microthermometry. Quadrupole mass spectrometry indicated a CO₂‐bearing fluid. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry of the fluid inclusions indicated high Cu (average 70 ppm) for the Au mineralization, whereas the host rocks have low Cu (average 33 ppm), indicating that Cu of the ore‐forming fluids originated from magmatic fluid rather than the volcanic rocks. Pb isotopes of ores and host volcanic rocks indicate a similar, mixed source and some Pb could be sourced from the volcanism. This implied that magmatic fluids could play an important role in the Au mineralization process. These new geological findings and the fluids derived mainly from the magmatic fluids suggest that the ore‐forming fluids originate at depth, and are transported and precipitated within the caldera fracture system. Thus, we proposed a conceptual target area at depth. A detailed Stratagem EH4 measurement was carried out to test the validity of the conceptual target. Stratagem EH4 soundings over six parallel traverses perpendicular to the mineralized trend showed that the caldera fracture system could extend for approximately 900 m in the dip direction at the center of the caldera, an indication of the presence of potential deep mineralization under the surveyed area. Detailed modeling of the Stratagem EH4 sounding images provided well‐defined targets for test drilling. Subsequent test drilling on one of these targets, which extends down 850 m at an angle of 87°, returned encouraging results because four core‐intercepts of gold ore bodies at down‐hole depths of 40.5–42.0 m, 70.5–73.5 m, 357.0–358.5 m, and 384.5–385.5 m and a long interval gold mineralized body (0–720 m) were encountered.     

大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩Mo-热液脉状Zn-Pb成矿系统硫化物微量元素的分布、起源及其勘探指示

岔路口斑岩Mo-Zn-Pb矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的超大型斑岩-热液脉状Mo-Zn-Pb成矿系统,脉状Zn-Pb矿化直接叠置在斑岩Mo矿化顶部。本文挑选岔路口斑岩型矿化及热液脉型矿化的黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿,通过EMPA、ICP-MS等多种方法分析硫化物的主微量元素组成,发现岔路口各阶段硫化物均富集Mo元素,相比于斑岩型矿化各阶段中的黄铁矿,Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd、Ga、Ag、Bi等元素在铅锌矿阶段内相对富集;相比于过渡阶段,铅锌阶段闪锌矿中Mo、Co元素及方铅矿中的Bi、Cd和Ag元素含量下降。微量元素在不同阶段内的变化可能是流体降温和天水混合的结果。黄铁矿的稀土总量与成矿岩体最接近,且与成矿岩体和围岩有相似的稀土配分模式,并有较明显的Eu负异常;黄铁矿宽广的Y/Ho比值(25.0~39.0)与成矿岩体的Y/Ho比值范围(27.4~38.7)最接近,同时包括了围岩相对较窄的Y/Ho比值(25.7~31.3),这表明成矿物质主要与成矿岩体同源,可能加入了一定量的围岩物质,岔路口硫化物富Mo的特征受控于深部斑岩Mo矿化岩浆-热液系统。对比东秦岭-大别W-Mo-Pb-Zn矿集区的远源热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床,岔路口浅部近源脉状矿化中的黄铁矿具有更高含量Mo/Ag-Bi/Sb比值和Mo/Pb-Sn/Sb比值,因此浅部硫化物的高Mo含量以及黄铁矿中相关元素比值的高值,可为脉状Zn-Pb矿化附近隐伏斑岩钼矿化的勘探提供新线索。此外,与其他热液脉状和斑岩型矿床相比,岔路口矿床硫化物更富集中高温元素;且综合分析多类矿床的硫化物的微量元素后,本文还初步查明不同矿床类型硫化物富集的微量元素,这一尝试可为矿床成因的判断提供新的思路。     

安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-S矿床黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的制约

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。     

云南易门铜厂铜矿床碳酸盐矿物微量元素组成研究

易门铜厂矿床是云南易门铜矿带中的一个大-中型铜矿床,矿区存在早期沉积-成岩型和晚期热液脉状型2种铜矿类型。为深入阐明2种矿化类型的成矿作用特征,文章分别选取落雪组白云岩及层状矿石中的白云石和热液脉状矿石中的方解石,采用ICP-MS等方法,对其开展碳酸盐矿物的微量及稀土元素地球化学研究。研究结果显示：在微量元素组成方面,沉积-成岩型的白云石以富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ba、Bi、Sb、Ga、Ag,亏损Mo、Cr、Ni、Co、V元素为特征,脉状方解石中则以亏损亲硫元素（Cu、Pb、Zn）和不相容元素（Ba、Be、Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等）,富集V、Co、Ni元素为特征;在稀土元素组成上,二者稀土元素总量均较低,具不同程度的Eu负异常和微弱的Ce正异常,但在稀土元素配分模式上,白云石为明显右倾的轻稀土元素富集模式,方解石则为轻稀土元素略富集,中稀土元素富集的缓右倾或平缓型配分模式。综合分析结果认为,2类脉石矿物是不同成矿系统的产物,白云石形成于正常浅海环境,为沉积-成岩成因,成矿物质的壳源特征明显。方解石为后期热液成因,有深源物质参与成矿。层状矿体与脉状矿体不具"同期+同源"的特征。     

青海北祁连冷龙岭地区水系沉积物元素地球化学特征及异常圈定

青海冷龙岭地区位于北祁连成矿段的东段,是形成与海相火山岩有关的块状硫化物矿床及岩浆热液型矿床的有利地区,具有良好的找矿潜力。在1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果的基础上,对青海冷龙岭地区Au、Cu、Pb、Zn等17种元素的地球化学特征进行了初步分析,发现本区Ag、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、Ba、Cd等元素丰度明显高于青海省及祁连地区水系沉积物的平均丰度值;元素分布特征显示下奥陶统阴沟群除Hg、La、Ce相对贫化外,各元素都呈现不同程度的浓集,加里东期侵入岩中Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Au、Sn、Bi等元素富集程度较高,海西期正长岩内Ba、La、Ce等元素富集程度较为显著;R型聚类分析和因子分析显示区内的主要成矿元素组合为Cu Pb Ag Mo Ba La Ce,Au具有独立成矿的潜力。结合元素地球化学参数及富集离散特征,认为本区Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、La、Ce等元素具有一定的找矿潜力。本次工作共圈定8个综合异常。根据研究区成矿地质背景、异常特征及查证成果,与该区域内浪力克铜矿床和青分岭金矿床的地质地球化学特征对比研究后,优选出干沙河和三道路圈—倒阳河2个成矿远景区。     

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿区黄铁矿与磁黄铁矿EPMA和LA-ICP-MS原位微区组分特征及其对矿床成因机制约束

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床一直存在燕山期岩浆热液成因和海西期火山喷流成因之争,争议的焦点在于块状、似层状硫化物矿体的成因。本文在全面开展矿区地质调查和钻探查证的基础上,对块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿石中的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿开展EPMA和LA-ICP-MS原位分析。测试结果表明,不同产状黄铁矿的平均分子式相似,分别为FeS_(1.98)、FeS_(1.99)和FeS_(1.98),似层状和脉状硫化物中磁黄铁矿的平均化学式为Fe_(0.886)S和Fe_(0.874)S,属形成温度相对较低单斜磁黄铁矿。与花岗岩岩浆热液标型黄铁矿相比,不同产状的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Ni、Mn、Se和Ge等元素以类质同象形式赋存,它们含量较低但稳定,Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Bi和Tl及Ga主要以微细矿物子晶形式存在,其含量丰富,但变化明显。从块状、似层状到脉状硫化物矿体,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中Co、Zn和Se的含量及Co/Ni值降低,而Cu、Pb、Ag、Bi等元素的含量明显升高。结合矿区次英安斑岩的产状和含矿性特征表明,大宝山矿床块状、似层状和脉状硫化物矿体都是次英安斑岩深部岩浆房产出的含矿流体在不同赋矿环境中的产物。     

Rare Earth Elements as an Indicator to Origins of Skarn Deposits: Examples of the Kamioka Zn-Pb and Yoshiwara-Sannotake Cu(–Fe) Deposits in Japan

Abstract: Systematic data of rare earth elements (REEs) are presented in order to put some constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids responsible for two contrastive skarn deposits in Japan; the Kamioka Zn-Pb and Yoshiwara-Sannotake Cu(-Fe) deposits. Carbon and oxygen isotopic studies have demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Kamioka Zn-Pb deposits are of meteoric water origin whereas those for the Yoshiwara-Sannotake Cu(-Fe) deposits are of magmatic water origin. The REE abundances of epidote skarn derived from aluminous rocks, garnet and clinopyroxene in calcic exoskarn derived from limestone, and interstitial calcite associated with sulfide minerals were determined for these contrastive skarn deposits by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A significant difference in the REE concentrations is not found between epidote skarn and aluminous original rock (plagioclase-clinopyroxene rock, called Inishi rock) from the Kamioka Zn-Pb deposits, indicating that the REEs are generally immobile during the formation of epidote skarn, and that the REE concentrations of the hydrothermal fluid are considerably low relative to the aluminous original rock. In contrast, the epidote skarn exhibits enrichment of Eu with increasing total REE concentrations relative to the aluminous original rock (quartz diorite) in the Yoshiwara-Sannotake Cu(-Fe) deposits, implying a contribution of magmatic fluid derived from granitoids during the skarn formation. Limestone generally has much lower REE concentrations related to surrounding aluminous rocks, and thus the REE concentrations of garnet and clinopyroxene in calcic exoskarn, originated from limestone, are variable due to the interaction with the hydrothermal fluids. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of garnet, clinopyroxene, and interstitial calcite exactly provide useful information on origins of hydrothermal fluids. The REE patterns of these minerals from the Kamioka Zn-Pb deposits show lower (Pr/Yb)cn ratios, and negative Ce and Eu anomalies inherited from limestone with the decrease of This suggests that the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Kamioka Zn-Pb deposits were depleted in REEs, and were not magmatic water in origin, but presumably meteoric one. In striking contrast, the REE patterns of exoskarn minerals and calcite from the Yoshiwara-Sannotake Cu(-Fe) deposits exhibit a positive Eu anomaly, and high (Pr/Yb)cn ratios with the considerable increase of σREE and the disappearance of negative Ce anomaly, implying that the fluids were dominantly of magmatic origin. The REE indices are very likely to be an excellent indicator to origins of the skarn deposits.     

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province

<正>Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements(LREE;159.556 ppm) and lower HREE(12.108 ppm).TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and(La/Yb)_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The(La/Sm)_N ratio is 3.758 and that of(Gd/Yb)_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element(REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks(regional metamorphic rocks),but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio(average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with ClF.