天水地电阻率地表与井下多种观测方式的试验分析

2011年初天水地震台建成井下地电阻率观测专项项目,将地电水平观测推向了立体观测,其观测方式包括地表水平观测井下百米水平观测、地表与井下互换观测等.通过近两年的持续观测,地表A、B供电并下M、N观测以及并下水平观测两种方法获得的数据相对稳定、可靠;同时地表A、B供电井下M、N观测有助于数据变化的可靠性分析.在电磁环境较复杂的观测场地,地表A、B供电并下M、N观测和井下水平观测可能是地电阻率观测较为有效的两种方法.     

宽城地震台地倾斜观测的气压响应分析及排除

将宽城地震台地倾斜观测和气压观测数据,通过小波变换分析提取气压对地倾斜观测的干扰时段,再对气压干扰时段观测数据进行线性拟合去趋势、别尔采夫滤波获得观测数据的日漂移信息,最终获得地倾斜观测和气压观测的相关系数,通过线性拟合进行气压干扰的排除研究。结果表明：宽城台地倾斜观测与气压观测具有正相关性,通过此方案对地倾斜观测受气压干扰的观测数据进行干扰排除,可以取得较好的效果,提高观测数据可靠程度。     

平凉崆峒台井下地电阻率观测数据分析研究

简要介绍甘肃平凉崆峒台井下地电阻率观测的地质构造背景、场地布设、观测方式等基本情况,通过对井下水平与垂直观测数据曲线的动态变化、观测精度等对比分析得出,井下地电阻率观测年变化与地表有较大的差别,井下观测大大削弱了年变幅度;垂直观测较水平观测数据变化平稳、年变幅度较低;井下观测系统能减少干扰,提高信噪比,缓解地电观测与经济建设的矛盾,可作为地电观测方式的新探索。     

濮阳地震台断层土壤气采气率对气氡观测结果影响的探讨

地震流体观测在水资源过度开采的形势下,发展断层土壤气观测成为必然趋势.介绍了濮阳台土壤气氡观测的集气、导气装置,对濮阳台土壤气氡模拟观测及数字化观测结果进行分析.模拟观测与数字化观测结果有较大差异,分析产生差异的原因.提出"采气率"这个概念来定量衡量断层土壤气氡观测系统的实用效果.模拟观测和数字化观测结果与"采气率"有较好的对应关系,观测结果表明,集气室体积过大,会造成"采气率"太低,使观测结果偏低,气氡观测结果不适合进行地震前兆观测.在实际工作中, 要通过实验确定采气率的大小,设计合理的集气、导气装置,提高观测质量.     

赤峰中心地震台地面与井下地震观测系统监测能力对比分析

为分析总结地面与井下地震观测系统的特点,以赤峰中心地震台地面与井下观测系统为研究对象,在噪声分析、噪声功率谱分析、地震监测能力和观测动态范围等方面进行分析。结果表明,2套观测系统的RMS均可达到Ⅱ级环境地噪声水平,井下观测系统噪声小于地面观测系统。对2套观测系统的功率谱密度、有效动态范围的对比均表明,井下观测系统的动态范围比地面观测系统超出约10%,因此,井下观测系统地震监测能力优于地面观测系统,井下观测系统能更有效地记录观测数据。     

前兆异常判定工作探讨

前兆观测数据的异常判定和落实是地震分析预报和地震科学研究的一项重要基础工作.前兆异常判定需根据观测对象的物理化学性质、观测仪器工作原理和观测数据正常变化动态背景,对观测环境、观测场地、观测设施和观测仪器等各个环节进行综合分析,排除各种干扰因素的影响.     

下一代地球物理观测技术

地球物理观测技术所要解决的问题是观测什么、用什么来观测、怎样观测。下一代地球物理观测技术的发展是以解决上述问题为基础。论文详细论述了观测设备、观测系统以及地球外行星体结构探测等发展动态,并对下一代地球物理观测技术的发展方向进行了分析。     

小口子重力观测疑似“异常”的落实与体会

2011年4月18日开始,银川地震台小口子重力观测出现毛刺、抖动等变化,通过对观测环境、观测线路、观测仪器的排查,最终排除了由于观测信号线故障所导致的变化,有效地解决了观测中出现的复杂问题,加深了观测人员、分析人员对前兆观测异常的判断与认识。     

临汾中心地震台地磁FHD质子磁力仪运行质量分析

"十五"数字化正式观测以来,临汾中心地震台积累近8年的地磁观测资料。文章从观测数据的连续率、完整率进行统计,并对观测数据进行趋势变化、空间相关、差值分析。结果表明,观测数据在完整性方面较规范要求偏低,观测背景噪声偏高;观测环境有待改善,以提高观测质量。     

天水中心地震台井下综合观测示范工程介绍

为适应城市规划和发展的需要,合理利用国家土地资源,化解地电观测与当地经济建设用地的矛盾,以及最大限度的减少地电观测人文干扰,提高地电观测数据的信噪比,推广应用新的地震观测技术,甘肃省地震局天水中心地震台原地电阻率观测由地面观测改为地下深井综合观测。对此观测系统场地布设方式、观测原理、实施方案经验与不足等方面进行介绍,并对地表水平和井下水平观测资料进行对比分析。     

Modeling the interaction between water flows

Approaches to schematization used in the models of interacting water flows in different media are considered. Studies of the interaction between subsurface and surface waters are analyzed. Specific features of water flow-out from watercourses (channels), pipelines, etc. are discussed. Some steady-state problems are formulated, and their solutions are given. Dynamic effects of pressure changes in water flows are shown based on these solutions. The effects that appear in such cases are explained theoretically and correlated with experiments.     

Detection of trends in magnitude and frequency of flood peaks across Europe

This study analyses the differences in significant trends in magnitude and frequency of floods detected in annual maximum flood (AMF) and peak over threshold (POT) flood peak series, for the period 1965–2005. Flood peaks are identified from European daily discharge data using a baseflow-based algorithm and significant trends in the AMF series are compared with those in the POT series, derived for six different exceedence thresholds. The results show that more trends in flood magnitude are detected in the AMF than in the POT series and for the POT series more significant trends are detected in flood frequency than in flood magnitude. Spatially coherent patterns of significant trends are detected, which are further investigated by stratifying the results into five regions based on catchment and hydro-climatic characteristics. All data and tools used in this study are open-access and the results are fully reproducible.     

Metals coordinated by ligands normally found in natural waters

Water, carbonate, chloride and fluoride are the main ligands responsible for keeping metals in solution in natural waters. Metals are listed by ligands and the conditions under which they are likely to be kept in solution are presented in this paper.     

系统聚类法在华北地区的地震分期和预测中的应用

本文用修改了的系统聚类法研究华北地区地震活动期,结果表明,当类间距离用离差平方和增量距离,且样品间用欧氏距离时,能较好地划分该地区的地震活动期。而样品间用相似系数时,不论类间距离是哪一种,所得结果均较差。本文还作了地震活动期的后验预测尝试,还通过逐次筛选方法对21个特征进行了选择。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建对小肾癌的诊断及分型

目的：根据CT扫描图像及三维重建表现,探讨多层螺旋CT扫描对小肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值,并对小肾癌进行分型。资料与方法：收集行多层螺旋CT扫描并经临床病理证实的43例小肾癌病例资料,就其CT表现进行分析并进行分型。结果：凸出型小肾癌23例,CT表现为肿瘤凸向肾轮廓之外或凸向肾盂、肾盏,增强扫描时,肿瘤内部造影剂呈明显...     

Stratification of Silts in a Reservoir (An Attempt to Analyze Stochastic Structures)

Stochastic hydrochemical structures are used to analyze the heterogeneity in the distribution of concentrations of different forms of nutrients in stratified silts. The properties of these structures are assessed. The layers with forming and decaying structures are found to alternate. The structural relationships are analyzed and their basic functions are established.     

Identification of changes in heavy rainfall events in Ontario,Canada

To assess whether changes in the frequency of heavy rainfall events are occurring over time, annual maximum records from 21 rainfall gauges in Ontario are examined using frequency analysis methods. Relative RMSE and related boxplots are used to characterize assessment for selecting distributions; the Gumbel distribution is verified as one of the most suitable distributions to provide accurate quantile estimates. Records were divided into two time periods, and tested using the Mann-Kendall test and lag-1 autocorrelations to ensure that data in each period are identically distributed. The confidence intervals of design rainfalls for each return period (2, 5, 10, and 25-year) are derived by using resampling method, and compared at 90 % confidence levels. The changes in heavy rainfall intensities are tested at gauges across the Province of Ontario. Several significant decreases in heavy rainfall intensities are identified in central and southern Ontario. Increases in heavy rainfall intensities are identified in gauges at Sioux Lookout and Belleville. The sensitivity analysis of changes identified with respect to the year of splitting indicates changes are occurring during the 1980s and 1990s.     

欧亚地震带现代构造应力场及其分区特征

利用美国哈佛大学矩心矩张量目录中的2818个地震的震源机制解资料,分析了欧亚地震带及其5个分区现代构造应力场的基本特征,给出了5个分区的震源机制主压应力方向分布图。结果表明:①欧亚地震带以逆断型和走滑型断层活动为主;②地中海地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主压应力方向为SSW向;③伊朗—阿富汗—巴基斯坦地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NNE—NS向;④喜马拉雅地震以逆断型为主,主压应力优势方向为NS和NE向;⑤川—滇—缅地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主应力场方向为NNE向;⑥印度尼西亚地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NE—SSW向。各分区的主压应力方向明显受其所在区域板块运动的影响,由此推测板块运动可能是产生欧亚地震带构造应力的主要力源。     

体外预应力梁振动特性的分析与研究

本文分析了体外预应力混凝土梁在动力荷载作用下的振动特性。对Ayaho Miyamoto给出的公式进行了修正和扩充，推导出包括单折线型、双折线型、直线型3种线型布置下的体外预应力混凝土简支梁的自振频率计算公式，针对各种因素对体外预应力混凝土梁振动频率的影响加以探讨，提出一些体外预应力梁体系防振动的有效措施。     

俯冲带的后撤与弧后扩张

西太平洋地壳年龄较老,因而岩石层较冷和比重较大,俯冲带的角度也较大,活动和成熟的弧后盆地则较多;条件与之相反的东太平洋弧后盆地则较少.本文探讨这种相关关系的力学成因,计算了俯冲板块诱生的弧后上涌地幔流动.计算表明,俯冲角度大及存在后撤俯冲时,有利于在弧后地区产生明显的上涌地幔流,这种深部热物质的上涌会导致弧后扩张.反之,年龄较轻的海洋地块较热和较轻,俯冲角度一般也较小,不易诱生上涌地幔物质流动和弧后扩张.大陆地壳密度小于地幔物质,大陆碰撞区就更不具备弧后扩张的条件.