共和盆地荒漠化扩张的气候成因研究

利用1961～2003年共和盆地(共和、贵南两站平均值)观测的年季气温、降水等资料,用气候诊断方法分析了该地区气候年代际变化特征以及荒漠化扩大的成因。结果表明共和盆地40a来年平均气温增温比较明显,上世纪90年代四季平均气温、平均最高和平均最低气温较90年代偏高0.8~2.6℃,年、夏、秋季降水量呈减少趋势,冬、春季降水呈增加趋势。年大风日数80~90年代较60~70年代大风、沙尘暴日数多。80年代温度升高、降水减少、大风日数增多的干暖化气候背景是荒漠化扩展的主要原因之一;90年代以来,干暖化的趋势继续加剧,并逐步扩展到冬、春季,使得该地区的草地资源明显退化,加剧了生态环境的进一步恶化。     

53年来共和盆地气候变化特征及其突变研究

利用共和盆地地区2个气象台站1960—2012年气温、降水量资料,分析了该地区气温、降水量和蒸发量等气候要素的变化特征及其突变情况。结果表明:近53年来共和盆地四季及年平均气温普遍升高,年、秋、冬季平均气温增温更为显著,年平均气温的升高主要是由于夏、秋季平均气温的升高引起的;年和春、夏、冬季降水量呈增加趋势,而秋季则呈减少趋势,降水量呈增加趋势南部大于北部,但整个盆地降水增加或减少的变化趋势不十分突出,仍维持暖干状态;共和盆地地表蒸散量除秋季以微弱趋势增加外,年和其余季节均以微弱减少趋势为主,年和四季共和盆地地表蒸散量变化不突出。盆地北部仍以暖干化趋势为主,南部气候向暖湿化转变的趋势。共和盆地年平均气温均在1987年出现了突变,但较北半球的突变早;冬降水量20世纪70年代初期出现了由少向多的突变;年、春季、冬季蒸散量分别在1961—1983年、1962—1983年、1962—1984年间发生突变。     

1961—2020年河南省气候变化及其对气候生产力的影响

根据1961—2020年河南省15个气象站点逐月平均气温和降水量资料,基于Thornthwaite Memorial模型估算了1961年以来年河南省逐年气候生产潜力。采用数理统计、反距离加权插值、R/S分析等方法,分析了过去60 a河南省年平均气温、年降水量和气候生产力的时空变化特征,并定量评估了气候变化对气候生产力的影响。研究表明：(1)近60 a河南省气候总体趋于暖干。其中,年平均气温的气候倾向率为0.23℃/10 a (p<0.05),东北部增温明显;年降水量气候倾向率为-2.98 mm/10 a(p>0.05),南部降水减少较多。(2)在气候暖干化背景下,近60 a河南省气候生产力气候倾向率为72.8 kg/(hm²×10 a)(p>0.05),呈不显著上升趋势,东部地区增速较快。(3)河南省气候生产力变化主要受气温和降水的双重影响,气温和降水贡献率分别为21.4%和78.6%,降水是影响该区域气候生产力变化的主要因素。在现有温度的条件下,降水的增加有利于降低该区域内降水贡献率。空间上,河南省降水贡献率总体上呈由西北向东南递减的趋势,其中...     

定西市近47年气温、降水变化特征分析

甘肃省定西市是典型黄土高原半湿润半干旱过渡区,该区域地处气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱带。基于定西市7县(区)1967—2013年气温、降水等资料,应用统计距平分析和线性趋势分析方法,分析了定西市近47a气温、降水变化的时间和空间特征。结果表明:(1)全市年平均气温呈上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.355℃/10a;冬季气温增速最大。(2)全市降水量呈减少趋势,降水量递减率为11.026mm/10a;秋季降水量递减率在四季中最为明显。(3)就空间分布而言,漳县、陇西和岷县一带增温较快,渭源、临洮、漳县和岷县降水减少趋势较大。     

1959—2014年略阳县气候变化趋势分析

利用略阳国家基准气候站1959—2014年逐月气温、降水、日照时数、风速资料,采用线性趋势法、Mann\|Kendall突变检验法,分析了略阳县近56年气候变化特征。结果表明:1959年以来略阳县气候变暖趋势显著,年平均气温的线性趋势率为015 ℃/10 a,并在1994年发生突变,突变后气温显著上升;年降水量呈减少趋势,但不显著,20世纪70年代中期到80年代末降水偏多,90年代初降水开始持续减少;年日照时数也呈现减少趋势;年均风速为减小趋势,其中70年代年均风速均高于多年平均值;年降水量、年日照时数和平均风速均未发生明显突变。近56年略阳县气候存在“暖干化”趋势。

     

近50年新疆气温和降水量变化及其与NAO指数的交叉小波谱分析

利用1961—2008年的逐日降水和气温资料,采用线性趋势、小波功率谱和交叉小波谱等方法分析了新疆降水和气温的变化,以及与北大西洋涛动(NAO)变化之间的关系。结果表明,近50年新疆存在降水增多和气温上升的趋势,有暖湿化现象,这与西北地区由暖干趋于暖湿的结论相一致。同时,新疆平均年降水量与NAO存在准2年和准6年周期,夏季降水量与NAO存在准3年和准5年周期,冬季降水量与NAO存在准3年周期。新疆年均气温与NAO存在准3年周期,夏季气温与NAO存在准3年周期,冬季气温与NAO存在准3年和准8年周期。新疆全年、冬季和夏季的降水与NAO的周期中,通过显著性检验的高值正相关大多集中在20世纪80年代;而气温与NAO的周期中,通过显著性检验的高值正相关也大多集中在80年代。     

毕节市气候变化特征分析

利用毕节市气象站1951-2008年的气温和降水量资料,采用滑动平均、趋势分析、小波分析等方法,分析了毕节市气温和降水量的变化特征。结果表明：①毕节市年平均气温的年代际变化为20世纪70-80年代为偏冷期,其余年代为偏暖期,其中1998年之后气温明显升高,21世纪头8a是58a来最暖的时期;年及各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,秋季增温明显,冬季次之。②降水量的年代际变化为20世纪80年代最少,21世纪头8a次少,其余年代为多雨期,其中以20世纪50年代降水最多,20世纪70年代次多;年及各季降水量均呈减少趋势,夏季减少明显,春季次少。③毕节市气候从20世纪90年代到21世纪呈现冷湿、暖干交替变化的趋势,未来几年气候存在冷湿的变化。     

黑龙江省1981-2010年气候平均值的变化及对气候评价的影响

利用黑龙江省气候评价业务使用的71个气象台站的气温、降水和日照时数资料,对1981-2010年气候平均值和1971-2000年气候平均值进行比较。结果表明:黑龙江省大部地区年平均气温升高,冬季偏暖突出;年降水量大部地区增多,春季、夏季、冬季降水量增多,秋季减少,7月降水量增幅最大;年日照时数大部地区减少。     

1961-2009年三江源地区气候变化特征分析

利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961—2009年气温、年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等资料,分析了该地区年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等气候要素的变化趋势。研究表明:近49年来三江源年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均在升高,升高速率平均最低气温明显大于平均气温和平均最高气温,年平均气温的升高主要是由最低平均气温升高引起的;三江源年和四季降水量均呈增多趋势,冬、春季降水量增幅最明显,年降水量变化的空间分布北部增多而东南部减少,年降水量除20世纪70年代—21世纪初均呈增加趋势;年和冬、春季≥0.1mm降水日数增加,而夏秋季降水日数减少;年和冬、夏、秋季潜在蒸散量呈显著性增加趋势,春季变化则不明显;年和四季平均风速均呈显著下降趋势;年和四季日照时数变化不显著。     

近30年河南省气候变化趋势研究

利用1971~2000年河南省32个农业气象站逐年气象资料,选取年平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、无霜期、降水量、相对湿度、蒸发量等7个气候要素,对河南省气候变化总体趋势和8个气候区的气候变化趋势进行分析。结果表明全省总体上每10年:年平均气温上升0.34℃,极端最高气温下降0.25℃,极端最低气温上升0.5℃,无霜期延长3天,年降水量增加5.0 mm,相对湿度增加0.08%,蒸发量减少86.8 mm。总体气候趋向温和、湿润,气候条件趋于改善。8个气候区中,7个气候区总体气候条件趋于暖湿,仅1个气候区总体气候条件趋于暖干。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.