2014年1月大气环流和天气分析

2014年1月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,位置较常年同期明显偏南;欧亚中高纬环流经向度较小;南支槽平均位置位于70°E附近,位置较常年同期明显偏西;同时,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期略偏弱。1月,全国平均降水量为6.2 mm,较常年同期（13.2 mm）偏少53.0%。全国平均气温为-3.4℃,较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏高1.6℃。月内,我国出现1次主要冷空气过程和4次主要降水过程。北方冬麦区降水偏少,气象干旱持续;中东部地区出现大范围雾或霾天气;南方地区出现低温雨雪天气     

2021年12月大气环流和天气分析

2021年12月大气环流的主要特征是:北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,东亚大槽偏西偏强,西太平洋副热带高压接近常年同期.12月,全国平均降水量为8.7 mm,比常年同期(10.5 mm)偏少17.1％;全国平均气温为-2.3℃,比常年同期(-3.2℃)偏高0.9℃.月内出现了3次冷空气过程和1次大范围持续性雾-霾天气过程,此外...     

2018年10月大气环流和天气分析

2018年10月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型,中高纬地区西风带为4波型分布,西太平洋副热带高压较常年位置偏西。全国平均降水量为28.1 mm,较常年同期（35.8 mm）偏少21.6%。全国平均气温为9.9℃,较常年同期（10.3℃）偏低0.4℃,为近16年来同期最低。10月我国无大范围暴雨天气过程,江南及华南地区雨日较多。冷空气活动频繁,出现5次过程,较常年偏多。京津冀地区出现2次雾 霾天气过程,相对往年秋、冬季雾 霾偏轻。月内没有台风登陆我国。     

2019年12月大气环流和天气分析

2019年12月大气环流主要特征为:北半球极涡为偶极型分布,环流呈三波型,东亚槽略偏弱,南支槽偏强,且副热带高压位置偏西。12月,全国平均降水量为11.2 mm,较常年同期(10.5 mm)偏多6.7%;全国平均气温为-2.7℃,较常年同期(-3.2℃)偏高0.5℃。月内共出现3次较强降水过程和3次中等强度冷空气过程。另外,7—10日、20—26日我国中东部地区发生了两次持续性大范围雾-霾天气过程。     

2020年2月大气环流和天气分析

2020年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布且较常年同期明显偏强,欧亚地区中高纬环流呈三波型,环流呈纬向型,经向度较小。西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强;下旬南支槽趋于活跃。2月,我国冷空气过程较常年偏少,出现今年首个全国型寒潮过程;全国平均气温为-0.1℃,较常年同期偏高1.6℃;全国平均降水量21.1 mm,较常年同期偏多18%。此外,前半月中东部多过程性雾 霾天气;西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

2017年1月大气环流和天气分析

2017年1月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈绕极型分布,中心气压较常年偏低,欧亚中高纬度环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽强度与常年接近,平均位置位于90°E以西附近,副热带高压较常年接近。1月,全国平均降水量为12.4 mm,较常年同期偏少6%。全国平均气温为-3.4℃,较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏高1.6℃,为1961年以来历史同期第三高值。月内,我国出现主要冷空气过程、主要降水过程以及雾 霾天气过程各2次,其中2016年12月30日至2017年1月6日雾 霾天气过程是1月范围最广、持续时间最长、强度最强的雾 霾天气过程。     

2020年1月大气环流和天气分析

2016年1月大气环流主要特征为：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,东亚大槽位置较常年同期偏东偏北,强度偏弱。1月,全国平均降水量为23.3 mm,较常年同期（13.2 mm）偏多77%,为1961年以来历史同期第二多。1月,全国平均气温为-3.6℃,较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏高1.4℃,月内冷空气较弱,我国中东部雾 霾天气频发,共有三次大范围持续性雾 霾过程,分别为1月3—5日、16—18日和22—28日。此外,月内共有四次降水过程。     

2019年2月大气环流和天气分析

2019年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡较常年同期偏强,中心偏向东半球,位置偏北;欧亚中高纬环流呈4波型,环流经向度总体较小。西太平洋副热带高压偏强;南支槽较常年偏弱、偏西。2月,我国冷空气活动较弱,仅出现一次大范围强冷空气和一次中等强度冷空气过程;全国平均气温为-1.3℃,较常年同期偏高0.4℃;东北地区北部气温异常偏高。月内,全国平均降水量为23.2 mm,较常年同期偏多33.3%;南方出现持续阴雨天气,青藏高原降雪明显偏多,青海东南部出现雪灾。另外,下旬我国中东部地区出现持续雾 霾天气。     

2017年2月大气环流和天气分析

2017年2月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极偏心型分布,中高纬环流呈3波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度接近常年,南支槽强度较常年偏弱。2月全国平均气温0℃,较常年同期偏高1.7℃;全国平均降水量14.4 mm,比常年同期（17.4 mm）偏少17.1%。2月我国有两次强冷空气过程;3次降水过程,其中新疆出现了一次暴雪过程,日降水量打破历史极值;中东部出现两次雾 霾天气。     

2016年12月大气环流和天气分析

2016年12月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,中心气压较常年偏低,欧亚中高纬度环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽强度偏弱,平均位置位于90°E附近,副热带高压较常年偏强。12月,全国平均降水量为11.5 mm,较常年同期偏多9.5%。全国平均气温为-0.7℃,较常年同期（-3.2℃）偏高2.5℃,为1961年以来历史同期最高值。月内,我国出现两次主要冷空气过程和两次主要降水过程以及3次雾 霾天气过程,其中16—21日雾 霾天气过程是2016年范围最广、持续时间最长、强度最强的雾 霾天气过程。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.