近50年乌鲁木齐市太阳能资源时空变化分析

利用新疆乌鲁木齐地区9个气象站1961-2010年的逐日日照时数资料和乌鲁木齐站逐日太阳总辐射资料,在使用气候学方法估算出各站逐月太阳总辐射的基础上,采用线性趋势分析和Mann Kendall检测对全市冬、春、夏、秋四季和年日照时数、太阳总辐射变化趋势以及突变特征进行分析,应用混合插值法,在ArcGis平台上完成基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据的四季和年日照时数、太阳总辐射及其突变前后变化量的精细化分布式模拟.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市春、夏、秋季和年的日照时数及太阳总辐射总体呈现“平原多,山区少”的空间分布格局,冬季日照时数、太阳总辐射呈现“山区多,平原少”的分布特点.近50年来,乌鲁木齐市春、夏季日照时数、太阳总辐射变化趋势不显著,但秋、冬季和年的日照时数及太阳总辐射呈显著的减少趋势,并于1981和1991年分别发生了突变性的减少,突变前后秋、冬季和年日照时数、太阳总辐射的变化具有明显的区域性差异,减少幅度的空间分布总体呈现“平原多,山区少”的特点.     

近50年甘肃日照时数时空变化特征及突变分析

利用甘肃省26个气象站1961—2010年逐月日照时数资料,采用线性趋势分析、异常年份分析、Mann-Kendall和功率谱等方法,分析了日照时数的时空变化及突变特征.结果表明:50年来,甘肃年日照时数表现为缓慢的下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.29 h·(10 a)^-1,1997年以来显著减少;夏、冬季日照时数呈下降趋势,春、秋季则呈增加趋势;年日照时数异常偏少年份主要出现在20世纪80年代,而异常偏多的年份多发生在20世纪90年代至今;甘肃年日照时数空间差异明显,分布趋势基本上呈由东南向西北逐渐增多形势.Mann-Kendall和Yamamoto突变检验表明,四季日照时数未发生显著突变.周期分析表明,甘肃年日照时数存在2 a的振荡周期,通过了90%置信度检验.     

1965—2015年广东省日照时数时空变化特征

基于广东省86个国家气象观测站1965—2015年逐月日照时数资料,利用趋势分析和M-K突变检验等方法,对全省多年平均年、季日照时数的空间分布特征和时间变化规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)年日照时数的大值区位于沿海地区,小值区则位于粤北地区。(2)4个季节日照时数均呈下降趋势,秋季下降最明显,其次是夏季,显著下降的区域主要位于珠三角地区。(3)年平均日照时数在1977年左右发生突变。春、夏季日照时数突变分别发生在1997、1992年,冬季突变发生在2008年,但趋势并不明显。     

近58年福泉日照时数变化特征分析

本文利用福泉市气象站1961-2018年的日照时数数据,应用线性趋势发、M-K突变分析法,对福泉市日照资料序列进行分析,结果表明：近58年福泉市年日照时数呈现减少的趋势,突变出现2000年。月分布上只有2月是增加的趋势,其余月份日照时数呈现减少的趋势。     

近58 a福泉日照时数变化特征分析

该文利用福泉市气象站1961—2018年的日照时数数据,应用线性趋势法、M-K突变分析法,对福泉市日照资料序列进行分析,结果表明:近58 a福泉市年日照时数呈现减少的趋势,突变出现2000年。月分布上只有2月是增加的趋势,其余月份日照时数呈现减少的趋势。     

新疆哈密地区近54a日照时数的均一性分析及其影响因素

以新疆哈密地区1961-2014年6个气象观测站地面气象观测资料为依据,利用线性趋势分析、相关性分析、M-K突变检验分析等方法,对哈密地区近54a四季及年平均日照时数的变化趋势、异常年份、突变检验及影响因子进行分析,得出以下结论：近54a哈密地区春季与年平均日照时数均呈上升趋势,而夏、秋、冬季变化比较平稳;年日照时数异常偏少出现在1998年,但从未出现过异常偏多年;年日照时数在1973年和2008年发生两次突变,减少、增加趋势不显著;年、春季日照时数增加与低云量的减少关系密切。     

湘西自治州日照气候特征及影响因素分析

应用线性分析,小波分析、M-K突变检验等方法对湘西自治州1960-2013年各县（市）日照时数地域分布特征、年变化特征进行分析。结果表明：湘西自治州近54a年均日照时数总体呈减少趋势,但只有个别站表现较为明显。年日照时数从地域分布来看,总体东南多西北少,但在不同的月份有不同的特征,与省内同纬度台站比较,湘西自治州各地日照时数在冬半年偏少明显;各县（市）年日照时数存在较为明显准2a、准5a、准16a、准28a时间特征尺度;M-k突变检验,总体平均值在1970s后期存在一次明显的突变,但个别县（市）部分站突变不明显;湘西自治州日照时数各季节的变化与控制本地天气系统的季节变化有较好的相关性。     

1959—2014年略阳县气候变化趋势分析

利用略阳国家基准气候站1959—2014年逐月气温、降水、日照时数、风速资料,采用线性趋势法、Mann\|Kendall突变检验法,分析了略阳县近56年气候变化特征。结果表明:1959年以来略阳县气候变暖趋势显著,年平均气温的线性趋势率为015 ℃/10 a,并在1994年发生突变,突变后气温显著上升;年降水量呈减少趋势,但不显著,20世纪70年代中期到80年代末降水偏多,90年代初降水开始持续减少;年日照时数也呈现减少趋势;年均风速为减小趋势,其中70年代年均风速均高于多年平均值;年降水量、年日照时数和平均风速均未发生明显突变。近56年略阳县气候存在“暖干化”趋势。

     

1961—2010年松花江流域实际蒸散发时空变化及影响要素分析

采用1961—2010年松花江流域60个气象站逐日资料,基于平流-干旱模型(AA模型)计算并分析了流域实际蒸散发时空变化特征,采用相关分析方法研究了影响实际蒸散发变化的主要气象要素。结果表明,1961—2010年,松花江流域年均实际蒸散发为420.8 mn,总体呈现增加趋势,增加速率为4.9 mm/10a,呈"减-增-减-增"年代际波动变化。季节上,春、冬两季实际蒸散发增加趋势较明显,夏、秋两季则呈现与年实际蒸散发类似的年代际波动。春、夏、秋三季和年实际蒸散发的空间分布特征基本一致,高值主要出现在流域南部,低值区主要分布在流域西部。冬季绝大部分区域的实际蒸散发呈现微弱上升趋势。1961-2010年,松花江流域年和四季的平均气温、最高气温和最低气温都呈上升趋势,其中平均气温和最低气温上升显著,日照时数和风速大都呈现显著下降趋势。相关分析结果表明,松花江流域实际蒸散发的时空变化是各气象要素共同影响的结果,而且各气象要素在不同时期对实际蒸散发的影响是有差异的。总体上看,松花江流域实际蒸散发的增加主要是由平均气温,特别是最低气温的增加引起,特别在春、冬季体现得较为明显。夏、秋季节,影响实际蒸散发的要素包括气温日较差、实际水汽压、平均风速及降水量等气象要素,但夏、秋季节这些要素的多年变化趋势不明显,导致夏、秋实际蒸散发的总体变化趋势并不明显。     

1960—2019年遂宁市日照时数的变化特征及影响因素

利用1960—2019年遂宁市3个国家气象站的气象资料,运用线性趋势、M-K检验、小波分析、IDW空间插值等方法分析了遂宁市日照时数的时空变化特征,基于相关分析法找出其影响因子,结果表明：时间变化上,遂宁市日照时数的年、季节变化均呈现减少的趋势,且年变化减少趋势显著,夏季减少幅度为四季中最大,对全年日照时数减少的影响最明显,在1988年日照时数出现了突变,各月日照时数呈现单峰型特征,8月达到峰值;空间分布上,日照时数表现为“南少北多”的特征;日照时数有着明显的17~23 a的周期振荡;影响因子方面,日照时数与总云量和降水日数呈极显著负相关,与降水量呈显著负相关。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.